The growing demands for high productivity of machining need use of high cutting velocity and feed rate. Such machining inherently produces high cutting temperature, which not only reduces tool life but also impairs the product quality. Application of cutting fluids changes the performance of machining operations because of their lubrication, cooling, and chip flushing functions. But the conventional cutting fluids are not that effective in such high production machining, particularly in continuous cutting of materials likes steels. So Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in heat transfer medium in cutting zone and Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) presents itself as a viable alternative for turning with respect to tool wear, heat dissipation, and machined surface quality.
An experiental investigation of effect of cutting parameters and tool materia...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An experiental investigation of effect of cutting parameters and tool materia...eSAT Journals
Abstract The major needs of machining are high material removal rate, good work surface finish and low tool wear. Industries are hiring to increase economical benefits by reducing the cost of production. These objectives can be achieved by using proper cutting tool material and cutting parameters. This report presents comparisons of two different coated carbide inserts under different cutting parameters used during machining of cylinder liners made up of grey cast iron. The comparison has been realized through the tool life tests and productivity. The measurement has been carried out from rough boring operation at three cutting speed (Vc) and feed rate (f). Depth of cut (doc) is kept constant at 1.5mm. Cutting tool used in this work is titanium nitride (TiN) coated carbide and comparing with Multilayer coated tool is titanium nitride (TiN) + titanium carbo nitride (TiCN) + Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) coated carbide inserts. The type of the insert is SNMG 120408. Cutting conditions used is speed (Vc) 100m/min, 125m/min, 150m/min. Feed rate (f) 0.25mm/rev,0.3mm/rev,0.35mm/rev. Finally results of the present work determine the appropriate parameter for increasing the tool life, and productivity. Key words: Tool life, Coated tool material, Process parameters, Productivity.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
2nd progress presentation on Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL) with vegitable...Nadaraja Sarmilan
This is a research based project of improving machining process as well as the environmental conditions using novel coconut oil based cutting fluid under Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL). In order to achieve the testing situations, the conceptual design of the experimental setup was finalized by following best solutions given through the morphological analysis of existing MQL systems. Solid models of nozzles, nozzle holding component, MWF tank, MWF tank support and finalized experimental setup were designed by solid modeling software. To corroboration the importance of novel vegetable oil based lubricant, the machining performances such as surface roughness and chip formation were evaluated.
An experiental investigation of effect of cutting parameters and tool materia...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An experiental investigation of effect of cutting parameters and tool materia...eSAT Journals
Abstract The major needs of machining are high material removal rate, good work surface finish and low tool wear. Industries are hiring to increase economical benefits by reducing the cost of production. These objectives can be achieved by using proper cutting tool material and cutting parameters. This report presents comparisons of two different coated carbide inserts under different cutting parameters used during machining of cylinder liners made up of grey cast iron. The comparison has been realized through the tool life tests and productivity. The measurement has been carried out from rough boring operation at three cutting speed (Vc) and feed rate (f). Depth of cut (doc) is kept constant at 1.5mm. Cutting tool used in this work is titanium nitride (TiN) coated carbide and comparing with Multilayer coated tool is titanium nitride (TiN) + titanium carbo nitride (TiCN) + Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) coated carbide inserts. The type of the insert is SNMG 120408. Cutting conditions used is speed (Vc) 100m/min, 125m/min, 150m/min. Feed rate (f) 0.25mm/rev,0.3mm/rev,0.35mm/rev. Finally results of the present work determine the appropriate parameter for increasing the tool life, and productivity. Key words: Tool life, Coated tool material, Process parameters, Productivity.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
2nd progress presentation on Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL) with vegitable...Nadaraja Sarmilan
This is a research based project of improving machining process as well as the environmental conditions using novel coconut oil based cutting fluid under Minimum Quantity Lubrication(MQL). In order to achieve the testing situations, the conceptual design of the experimental setup was finalized by following best solutions given through the morphological analysis of existing MQL systems. Solid models of nozzles, nozzle holding component, MWF tank, MWF tank support and finalized experimental setup were designed by solid modeling software. To corroboration the importance of novel vegetable oil based lubricant, the machining performances such as surface roughness and chip formation were evaluated.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Tool wear is a natural phenomenon in all metal cutting operations due to high friction at tool work interface, which affect the tool life, product quality and accuracy of work. For minimizing the friction at tool work interface the cutting fluids or lubricants are used for cooling and lubrication, hence improvement in machining efficiency. But if the quantity and quality of lubricants are unattended or underestimated then it creates problems like soil, water, environmental pollution and also makes the machining process uneconomical. The different cooling and lubrication techniques have been developed today. So it is necessity of present day scenario of machining to work with technology which would not degrade the environment, face the competition and have better quality of products. Different research shows that conventional Flood lubrication is limited by health hazards, misting and sometime uneconomical as compared to other techniques, due to its high discharge rate of fluid. These problems have been overcome by using dry machining. Studies shows that dry machining also becomes non efficient and uneconomical during cutting of harder materials at higher cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, although it is environmental friendly and economical at particular machining level. So to minimize all these Problems of health hazards, non-economy, intense tool wear in case of flood cooling and dry machining, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been applied in this present research. The effect of varying the nozzle stand-off distance and lubricant pressure have been considered in this study, to find out the best results in terms of cutting temperature. The experimentation has been conducted during turning of EN- 31 Alloy Steel with minimum quantity lubrication at flow rate of 150 ml/hr having vegetable based oil. The temperature has been measured by K- type thermocouple .The vegetable oil has been selected due to its environmental friendly behavior and does not produce health hazards, like mineral oil during flood lubrication.
Determining the influence of cutting fluids on tool wear and surface roughnes...Lepuufu
Knowledge of the performance of cutting fluids in machining different work materials is
of critical importance in order to improve the efficiency of any machining process. The
efficiency can be evaluated based on certain process parameters such as flank wear, surface
roughness on the work piece, cutting forces developed, temperature developed at the tool
chip interface, etc. The objective of this work is to determine the influence of cutting fluids
on tool wear and surface roughness during turning of AISI 304 with carbide tool. Further
an attempt has been made to identify the influence of coconut oil in reducing the tool
wear and surface roughness during turning process. The performance of coconut oil is also
being compared with another two cutting fluids namely an emulsion and a neat cutting oil
(immiscible with water). The results indicated that in general, coconut oil performed better
than the other two cutting fluids in reducing the tool wear and improving the surface finish.
Coconut oil has been used as one of the cutting fluids in this work because of its thermal
and oxidative stability which is being comparable to other vegetable-based cutting fluids
used in the metal cutting industry.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of ti n coated carbide insert for optimum surface roug...eSAT Journals
Abstract In manufacturing industry, beside the dimensional and geometric tolerance of a component, surface quality is most commonly specified requirements. Surface roughness plays an important role in the performance of the component. This paper presents a study of the influence of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness during the turning of AISI1045 steel with TiN coated carbide tool. The design of experiments based on the Taguchi technique. The objective was to optimization of the machining parameters as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut for surface roughness. Main effect plots are generated and analyzed to find out the relationship between them. Afterwords a confirmation test were performed to make a comparison between the predicted results and the theoretical results. Keywords: TiN carbide insert, AISI 1045 alloy steel, Taguchi method, Surface roughness, ANOVA
Influence of tellurium addition on drilling of microalloyed steel (din 38mns6)Lepuufu
Purpose – This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of tellurium content on the machinability of the microalloyed pearlitic steel (DIN 38MnS6).
Two grades of steels were used, one with high (27 times greater) tellurium content and one with a low tellurium content. Machinability of the steel was
determined by the number of holes drilled by the tool before undergoing severe deformation. The drilling test matrix was prepared using a fractional
factorial design with five input variables studied at two levels (25-1). Other variables investigated include cutting speed (45 and 60 m/min), feed rate
(0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev), geometry of the twist drills and use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) at the flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. Statistical
analysis of the results revealed that composition of the work material was most influential on tool performance. Addition of tellurium to the steel
significantly improved machinability, increasing the number of drilled holes by over 100 per cent. The MQL flow rate was the least influential as increase
in the flow from 30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill life only by about 9 per cent.
Design/methodology/approach – The drilling tests were carried out in the vertical position, up-down, without pre-holes (full drilling). Cutting
speeds of 45 and 60 m/min and feed rates of 0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev were employed. Drills with two sharpening types were tested. Cutting fluid used
was vegetable based and applied using the MQL technique at flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. The rejection criterion adopted was severe deformation of
the drills and the number of machined holes was used to measure the machinability of the material.
Findings – Of all the variables investigated in this study, the least influential on drill performance is the MQL flow rate. Increase in the flow rate from
30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill performance by 9 per cent, contrary to expectation. This is a result of the cooling-lubricant action balance promoted by the
cutting fluid applied in low quantities (MQL). The most influential variable on drill performance is addition of Te to the work material which gave over
twofold (103 per cent) improvement in drill performance at the cutting conditions investigated. The Te particles act at the chip-tool interface, reducing
the work necessary to shear the material during chip formation. Increase in both the cutting speed and the feed rate both lowered drill performance
during machining due to associated increase in cutting temperature which tended to accelerate thermally related wear mechanisms.
Originality/value – This work was conducted to evaluate the machinability of a novel alloyed steel employed in the automobile industry. Drilling was
considered as most automobile components especially the engine block is designed with many holes which require drilling process.
Surface residual stresses in machined austenitic stainless steelLepuufu
Surface residual stresses due to turning operations in AISI 304 type stainless steel were studied as a function of machining speed, feed rate,
depth of cut, and tool geometry and coating. Residual stress tensors were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The effects of turning
conditions and tool on the residual stresses were discussed in terms of mechanically and thermally induced non-homogeneous plastic
deformation of the surface layers of the workpiece.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review of Optimization of Surface Roughness of Inconel 718 in End Milling u...IJERA Editor
Nickel based super alloy, Inconel 718 is a very hard material (46 HRC). Because of its hardness, work hardening and low thermal conductivity, its machining is very difficult. End milling is an effective method for machining, drilling, slotting, and making key ways of Inconel 718. Tensile residual stress takes place during machining of Inconel 718. It is a critical problem, which is minimized to obtain better quality. Residual stress becomes more in the presence of rough machined surface. In this paper we optimize the surface roughness of Inconel 718 in end milling under dry condition. The surface roughness is optimized using four parameter nose radius, depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed by using a cemented carbide tool. L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method uses to analyse the result. 27 experimental runs based on L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method.
The big challenge of the mass production firms is concentrated for achieving high quality
products with good dimensionability with high productivity, less wear on the cutting insert, less use
of cutting fluid, within less time. This paper present dissertation work of an investigation of turning
process parameters on hard EN 31 material, for optimization of surface roughness, material removal
rate, machining time in wet and minimum quantity lubrication system. The experiment is carried out
by considering four controllable input variables namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and
insert nose radius in the presence of wet & MQL system. This experiment also present the relation
between chip formations and controllable variables along with chip thickness, chip colors & chip
velocity from which its effect on insert wear, quality of product can be easily found out, because of
chip morphology gives indirectly the effect of it on the insert wear. In this dissertation work
minimum quantity lubrication system is used for reducing the cutting zone temperature properly and
very fastly. Finally comparison is carried out between wet and minimum quantity lubrication system
from which one can easily identify which system is better for higher productivity along with high
surface finish. This work also present the productivity (MRR) concept in production. The design of
experiment and optimization of surface roughness, material removal rate, machining time is carried
out by using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design method is used (CCD)
for the total experimental design work and its analysis and also for optimization of turning process
parameter by which wastage of the machining time, power can be avoided.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Impact of varying the nozzle stand off distance on cutting temperature in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract Tool wear is a natural phenomenon in all metal cutting operations due to high friction at tool work interface, which affect the tool life, product quality and accuracy of work. For minimizing the friction at tool work interface the cutting fluids or lubricants are used for cooling and lubrication, hence improvement in machining efficiency. But if the quantity and quality of lubricants are unattended or underestimated then it creates problems like soil, water, environmental pollution and also makes the machining process uneconomical. The different cooling and lubrication techniques have been developed today. So it is necessity of present day scenario of machining to work with technology which would not degrade the environment, face the competition and have better quality of products. Different research shows that conventional Flood lubrication is limited by health hazards, misting and sometime uneconomical as compared to other techniques, due to its high discharge rate of fluid. These problems have been overcome by using dry machining. Studies shows that dry machining also becomes non efficient and uneconomical during cutting of harder materials at higher cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, although it is environmental friendly and economical at particular machining level. So to minimize all these Problems of health hazards, non-economy, intense tool wear in case of flood cooling and dry machining, the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been applied in this present research. The effect of varying the nozzle stand-off distance and lubricant pressure have been considered in this study, to find out the best results in terms of cutting temperature. The experimentation has been conducted during turning of EN- 31 Alloy Steel with minimum quantity lubrication at flow rate of 150 ml/hr having vegetable based oil. The temperature has been measured by K- type thermocouple .The vegetable oil has been selected due to its environmental friendly behavior and does not produce health hazards, like mineral oil during flood lubrication.
Determining the influence of cutting fluids on tool wear and surface roughnes...Lepuufu
Knowledge of the performance of cutting fluids in machining different work materials is
of critical importance in order to improve the efficiency of any machining process. The
efficiency can be evaluated based on certain process parameters such as flank wear, surface
roughness on the work piece, cutting forces developed, temperature developed at the tool
chip interface, etc. The objective of this work is to determine the influence of cutting fluids
on tool wear and surface roughness during turning of AISI 304 with carbide tool. Further
an attempt has been made to identify the influence of coconut oil in reducing the tool
wear and surface roughness during turning process. The performance of coconut oil is also
being compared with another two cutting fluids namely an emulsion and a neat cutting oil
(immiscible with water). The results indicated that in general, coconut oil performed better
than the other two cutting fluids in reducing the tool wear and improving the surface finish.
Coconut oil has been used as one of the cutting fluids in this work because of its thermal
and oxidative stability which is being comparable to other vegetable-based cutting fluids
used in the metal cutting industry.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Performance evaluation of ti n coated carbide insert for optimum surface roug...eSAT Journals
Abstract In manufacturing industry, beside the dimensional and geometric tolerance of a component, surface quality is most commonly specified requirements. Surface roughness plays an important role in the performance of the component. This paper presents a study of the influence of the cutting parameters on the surface roughness during the turning of AISI1045 steel with TiN coated carbide tool. The design of experiments based on the Taguchi technique. The objective was to optimization of the machining parameters as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut for surface roughness. Main effect plots are generated and analyzed to find out the relationship between them. Afterwords a confirmation test were performed to make a comparison between the predicted results and the theoretical results. Keywords: TiN carbide insert, AISI 1045 alloy steel, Taguchi method, Surface roughness, ANOVA
Influence of tellurium addition on drilling of microalloyed steel (din 38mns6)Lepuufu
Purpose – This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of tellurium content on the machinability of the microalloyed pearlitic steel (DIN 38MnS6).
Two grades of steels were used, one with high (27 times greater) tellurium content and one with a low tellurium content. Machinability of the steel was
determined by the number of holes drilled by the tool before undergoing severe deformation. The drilling test matrix was prepared using a fractional
factorial design with five input variables studied at two levels (25-1). Other variables investigated include cutting speed (45 and 60 m/min), feed rate
(0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev), geometry of the twist drills and use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) at the flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. Statistical
analysis of the results revealed that composition of the work material was most influential on tool performance. Addition of tellurium to the steel
significantly improved machinability, increasing the number of drilled holes by over 100 per cent. The MQL flow rate was the least influential as increase
in the flow from 30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill life only by about 9 per cent.
Design/methodology/approach – The drilling tests were carried out in the vertical position, up-down, without pre-holes (full drilling). Cutting
speeds of 45 and 60 m/min and feed rates of 0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev were employed. Drills with two sharpening types were tested. Cutting fluid used
was vegetable based and applied using the MQL technique at flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. The rejection criterion adopted was severe deformation of
the drills and the number of machined holes was used to measure the machinability of the material.
Findings – Of all the variables investigated in this study, the least influential on drill performance is the MQL flow rate. Increase in the flow rate from
30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill performance by 9 per cent, contrary to expectation. This is a result of the cooling-lubricant action balance promoted by the
cutting fluid applied in low quantities (MQL). The most influential variable on drill performance is addition of Te to the work material which gave over
twofold (103 per cent) improvement in drill performance at the cutting conditions investigated. The Te particles act at the chip-tool interface, reducing
the work necessary to shear the material during chip formation. Increase in both the cutting speed and the feed rate both lowered drill performance
during machining due to associated increase in cutting temperature which tended to accelerate thermally related wear mechanisms.
Originality/value – This work was conducted to evaluate the machinability of a novel alloyed steel employed in the automobile industry. Drilling was
considered as most automobile components especially the engine block is designed with many holes which require drilling process.
Surface residual stresses in machined austenitic stainless steelLepuufu
Surface residual stresses due to turning operations in AISI 304 type stainless steel were studied as a function of machining speed, feed rate,
depth of cut, and tool geometry and coating. Residual stress tensors were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The effects of turning
conditions and tool on the residual stresses were discussed in terms of mechanically and thermally induced non-homogeneous plastic
deformation of the surface layers of the workpiece.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Review of Optimization of Surface Roughness of Inconel 718 in End Milling u...IJERA Editor
Nickel based super alloy, Inconel 718 is a very hard material (46 HRC). Because of its hardness, work hardening and low thermal conductivity, its machining is very difficult. End milling is an effective method for machining, drilling, slotting, and making key ways of Inconel 718. Tensile residual stress takes place during machining of Inconel 718. It is a critical problem, which is minimized to obtain better quality. Residual stress becomes more in the presence of rough machined surface. In this paper we optimize the surface roughness of Inconel 718 in end milling under dry condition. The surface roughness is optimized using four parameter nose radius, depth of cut, feed rate and cutting speed by using a cemented carbide tool. L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method uses to analyse the result. 27 experimental runs based on L27 orthogonal array of Taguchi method.
The big challenge of the mass production firms is concentrated for achieving high quality
products with good dimensionability with high productivity, less wear on the cutting insert, less use
of cutting fluid, within less time. This paper present dissertation work of an investigation of turning
process parameters on hard EN 31 material, for optimization of surface roughness, material removal
rate, machining time in wet and minimum quantity lubrication system. The experiment is carried out
by considering four controllable input variables namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and
insert nose radius in the presence of wet & MQL system. This experiment also present the relation
between chip formations and controllable variables along with chip thickness, chip colors & chip
velocity from which its effect on insert wear, quality of product can be easily found out, because of
chip morphology gives indirectly the effect of it on the insert wear. In this dissertation work
minimum quantity lubrication system is used for reducing the cutting zone temperature properly and
very fastly. Finally comparison is carried out between wet and minimum quantity lubrication system
from which one can easily identify which system is better for higher productivity along with high
surface finish. This work also present the productivity (MRR) concept in production. The design of
experiment and optimization of surface roughness, material removal rate, machining time is carried
out by using response surface methodology (RSM). Central composite design method is used (CCD)
for the total experimental design work and its analysis and also for optimization of turning process
parameter by which wastage of the machining time, power can be avoided.
Multiresponse optimization of surface grinding operation of EN19 alloy steel ...IAEME Publication
Conventional grinding fluid is widely used in grinding process, which results in high consumption and impacting the environment. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is alternative source for the Conventional grinding process. In this study, Water based nanofluid applied to grinding process with MQL approach for its excellent convection heat transfer and thermal conductivity properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
INVESTIGATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF TURNING PROCESS PARAMETER IN WET AND MQL SY...IAEME Publication
The big challenge of the mass production firms is concentrated for achieving high quality products with good dimensionability with high productivity, less wear on the cutting insert, less use
of cutting fluid, within less time. This paper present dissertation work of an investigation of turning process parameters on hard EN 31 material, for optimization of surface roughness, material removal rate, machining time in wet and minimum quantity lubrication system. The experiment is carried out by considering four controllable input variables namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and insert nose radius in the presence of wet & MQL system
Studies on material removal rate of al6061 while turning with coolant and wit...eSAT Journals
Abstract: Material Removal Rate (MRR) is one of the key attribute of machining process which influences productivity. In this work the effect of various turning process parameters on MRR produced on Al6061 (as cast condition) is investigated. Also, the effect of using coolant on MRR while turning is also determined. MRR is found to increase almost linearly with increase in feed rate. Increase in depth of cut and cutting speed is found to increase the MRR by 70.66 % and 16.36 % respectively. Keywords: Al6061, Material Removal Rate, Turning Process, Spindle Speed, Depth of Cut, ANOVA, Taguchi Method
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Similar to COMPARISON OF MAIN EFFECT OF VEGETABLE OIL AND AL2O3 NANOFLUIDS USED WITH MQL ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND TEMPERATURE (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
2. Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 204 editor@iaeme.com
Cite this Article: Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam. Comparison of Main
Effect of Vegetable Oil and Al2o3 Nanofluids Used with MQL on Surface
Roughness and Temperature. Dynamical Analysis of Silo Surface Cleaning
Robot Using Finite Element Method, International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 2016, pp. 203-213.
http://www.iaeme.com/currentissue.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=7&IType=1
1. INTRODUCTION
Cutting fluids are employed in machining operations to improve the tribological
processes, which occur when two surfaces, the tool and work-piece make contact. The
cutting fluid improves the tool life, surface conditions of the work-piece and the
process as a whole. It also helps in carrying away the heat and debris produced during
machining. On the other hand, the cutting fluids have many detrimental effects.
Machining experiences high temperatures due to friction between the tool and work
piece, thus influencing the work piece dimensional accuracy and surface quality.
Machining temperatures can be controlled by reducing the friction between tool–work
piece and tool–chip interface with the help of effective lubrication. Cutting fluids are
the conventional choice to act as both lubricants and coolants. But, their application
has several adverse effects such as environmental pollution , dermatitis to operators,
water pollution and oil contamination during disposal [1,2]. Further, the cutting fluids
also incur a major portion of the total manufacturing cost. All these factors prompted
investigations into the use of biodegradable coolants or coolant free machining.
Hence, as an alternative to cutting fluids, researchers experimented with dry
machining, coated tools, cryogenic cooling, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and
solid lubricants. Dry machining, has been reported to be capable of eliminating
cutting fluids with the advancement of the cutting tool materials [3]. Dry machining
requires less power and produces smoother surface than wet machining at specified
cutting conditions [4]. In tribological applications of hard protective coatings the
toughness is as important as their hardness, since both properties have great influence
on the wear resistance of coated tools [5]. Itakuraetal. [6] conducted dry turning
experiments to identify the tool wear mechanisms with coated cemented carbide tool
while machining in conel 718. During continuous cutting almost no rake wear but
only flank wear appeared.
The primary function of a cutting fluid in wet machining operations is to cool, to
lubricate, and to remove the chips. Emulsions or straight oils are generally used
depending on the manufacturing operation and machining task involved. Straight oil
is a cutting fluid that is composed of mineral oil or vegetable oil and is mainly used as
a lubricant. Research by Rao DN, Srikant RR (2006) showed straight oil is not
intended to be mixed with water. Emulsions possess excellent heat transfer
characteristics because of their high water content. Straight oils excel when a high
degree of lubricity is required. Both media guarantee efficient chip transport, when
compressed air is used instead of a cooling lubricant, the lubrication benefit of the
fluid is lost. The coolant effect is much less pronounced than with water or oil. Water
and oil are also superior to air in terms of chip transport characteristics.
3. Comparison of Main Effect of Vegetable Oil and Al2o3 Nanofluids Used with MQL on
Surface Roughness and Temperature
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 205 editor@iaeme.com
2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
2.1 Selection of work material
The workpiece material used is EN353 steel in the form of round bars of 30 mm
diameter and length of 80 mm.
The composition of material is
Table 1 Composition of EN353 Steel
chemical composition of EN 353 Steel
C Mn Cr Si Mo Ni
0.18% 0.93% 1.11% 0.26% 0.11% 1.34%
EN353 steel is widely used for Machining components in various industries. This
material has significant application in automotive industry. Typical applications of
this material are crown wheel, crown pinion, bevel pinion, bevel wheel, timing gears,
king pin, pinion shaft, differential turn ion etc. The gears especially crown wheel and
pinion are one of the most stress prone parts of a vehicle, etc, which are made of
EN353 steel. This material EN353 steel is used in heavy duty chains, conveyor
chains. The workpiece of EN353 Steel was firstly hardened followed by oil
quenching at a temperature of 850°C to achieve a hardness of 60 HRC throughout. A
rough turning pass was conducted initially to eliminate the run out of the work piece,
after that diameter obtained for experimentation is 60mm.
2.2. Selection of Insert
Based on Literature survey, the Tool selected for this process was CBN CNMG
(Cubic Boron Nitride) 7025 Manufactured by Sandvik Specifications as CNMG
120408.
2.3. Selection of lubricant
Selection of cutting fluid is important in order to maintain better tool life, less cutting
forces, lower power consumption, high machining accuracy and better surface
integrity etc. Here Vegetable Oil {Max mix ST-2020}, is used as cutting fluid in
MQL. ST-2020 is an environmentally acceptable vegetables oil based lubricant. ST-
2020 will yield the lowest net manufacturing costs of any fluid as found by JungSoo,
et al. (2011.)
2.4. Preparation of Nano fluids
For preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles the Precipitation Method is used. Alumina
prepared by this method is used for preparation of Nanofluids. In this work the
alumina (Al2O3) Nanoparticles are mixed with vegetable oil, as a base fluid to make
Al2O3 Nanofluid. Nano Al2O3 particles are selected due to their superior tribological
and antitoxic properties based on study of Pil-Ho Lee, et al. (2012). The method used
to make Nano fluid is given below. Take one gram of Al2O3 Nano particles and
directly mix with 100 ml vegetable oil as a base fluid and prepare the sample. 1 Vol%
of Al2O3 Nano fluid = 100 ml of vegetable oil + 1gm of Al2O3 Nano particles. 3Vol%
of Al2O3 Nano fluid = 100 ml of vegetable oil + 3gm of Al2O3 Nano particles. The
above composition has to be mixed continuously about 8 to 9 hours using Magnetic
stirrer. The size of Al2O3 particles is about 5 Nm. Here after, Nanofluid means a mix
of MQL and Al2O3 particles.
4. Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 206 editor@iaeme.com
2.5. Selection of process parameter
Input process parameters were selected after studying the literature on minimum
quantity lubrication/near dry machining. Cutting speed (Vc), cutting feed (f) and
Depth of cut (dc) were the input parameters chosen for present work. To investigate
the effect of input parameters under the application of MQL on EN353 Steel
machining technique. The output parameters chosen were Surface Roughness (Ra)
and Temperature (T) at cutting zone to investigate the effect of input parameters
under the application of MQL for turning on case hardened EN353 steel. The cutting
insert used was CNMG7075 insert.
2.5.1. Machine
Figure 1 CNC Lathe (HAAS – Make)
A high speed precision CNC Lathe (HASS - MAKE) having maximum turning
diameter 406mm, Height of centers over carriage 60 mm Maximum turning length:
762mm, Headstock A2-5 / CAMLOCK D1-3’’ Spindle speed 2,000 rev/min, AC
motor drive: Power consumption 9kW, Transverse stroke X-axis 209mm, AC motor
drive: intermittent torque 4 to 14 Nm Longitudinal stroke, Z-axis 762mm, Number of
fixed tool stations/rotating tool stations. Weight of CNC Lathe 1860kgPower
Requirement: 9KVA, 1-Phase:240V@40A, 3-Phase: 208V
Table 2 Selected Parameter
Sr. no. Parameter Selected Parameter
1 Machine tool:
High speed precision CNC Lath (HASS –
MAKE)
2 Work pieces EN353 Case Hardening material
3 Cutting tool inserts CBN CNMG 7075
4 Cutting speed 800 – 1200 rpm
5 Feed rate, f: 0.05 - 0.09 mm/rev
6 Depth of cut,(d) 0.05 - 0.09 mm
7 MQL supply: Air:4 bar, Lubricant: 50 ml/h
8 Environment:
MQL with Vegetable oil and MQL with
Nanofluids.
9 Measurement of surface roughness
Surf Tester
Least Count - 0.001
10
Measurement of cutting
temperature
Infrared thermometer
Temperature Range-
-40°C to 400°C
Least Count - 1°C
5. Comparison of Main Effect of Vegetable Oil and Al2o3 Nanofluids Used with MQL on
Surface Roughness and Temperature
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 207 editor@iaeme.com
2.6. Experimental procedure
The experiments were performed on the basis of Taguchi’s L9 array method. By
performing One variable at time (OVAT) analysis and from graph it is found that
cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut are influencing parameters on Surface
Roughness and Cutting temperature. According to OVAT analysis following input
parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are selected by keeping
other process parameters constant at minimum level which is less influencing on
Surface roughness and Cutting temperature [15]. On the basis of surface finish, the
selected levels of input parameters which are as follows.
Table 3 Selection of Levels from OVAT
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. For Vegetable Oil with MQL-
3.1.1 For Surface Roughness
Table no.5 and Figure no.2 indicates the signal to noise ratio. In this table highest
signal to noise ratio is indicated in bold format. This higher signal to noise ratio
indicates that, this particular input is favourable on the output. From the graph it is
observed that for best surface roughness the optimum value levels are Speed 800 rpm,
Feed 0.05 mm/rev, Depth of cut 0.05 mm. It is observed that the most influencing
parameter from these three is Depth of cut then followed by feed and then speed.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Table 4 Analysis of Variance for Signal to Noise Ratios
Level Speed Feed Depth of Cut
1 8.593 9.356 9.327
2 7.122 6.944 7.343
3 6.683 6.097 5.728
Delta 1.910 3.259 3.599
Rank 3 2 1
Response Table for Signal to Noise Ratios (Smaller is better)
Table 5 Signal to Noise Ratios - Smaller is better
Parameters Units Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Speed rpm 800 1000 1200
Feed mm/rev 0.05 0.07 0.09
DOC mm 0.05 0.07 0.09
Source DF Seg SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
S 2 6.007 6.007 3.003 7.30 0.121
F 2 17.158 17.158 8.579 20.85 0.046
D 2 19.495 19.495 9.747 23.68 0.041
Residual Error 2 0.823 0.823 0.411
Total 8 43.484
Source DF Seg SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
S 2 6.007 6.007 3.003 7.30 0.121
F 2 17.158 17.158 8.579 20.85 0.046
D 2 19.495 19.495 9.747 23.68 0.041
Residual Error 2 0.823 0.823 0.411
Total 8 43.484
6. Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 208 editor@iaeme.com
Main Effect Plot for Signal to Noise Ratios
MeanofSNratios 12001000800
9
8
7
6
0.090.070.05
0.090.070.05
9
8
7
6
S F
D
Main Effects Plot (data means) for SN ratios
Signal-to-noise: Smaller is better
Figure 2 Main Effect Plot for SIGNAL TO NOISE ratios
4.1.2 For Temperature (o
C)
Table no.7 and Figure no.2 indicates the signal to noise ratio. In this both the table
highest signal to noise ratio is indicated in bold format. This higher signal to noise
ratio indicates that, this particular input is favourable on the output. From the graph it
is observed that for best temperature the optimum value levels are Speed 800 rpm,
Feed 0.05 mm/rev, Depth of cut 0.05 mm. It is observed that the most influencing
parameter from these three is Depth of cut then followed by feed and at last speed.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) –
Table 6 Analysis of Variance for Signal to Noise Ratios
Response Table for Signal to Noise Ratios (Smaller is better)
Table 7 Signal to Noise Ratios - Smaller is better
Level Speed Feed Depth of Cut
1 -32.45 -32.71 -32.04
2 -32.73 -32.66 -32.74
3 -32.85 -32.66 -33.25
Delta 0.39 0.05 1.21
Rank 2 3 1
Source DF Seg SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
S 2 0.242 0.242 0.121 1.51 0.398
F 2 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.03 0.974
D 2 2.213 2.213 1.106 13.83 0.067
Residual Error 2 0.160 0.160 0.080
Total 8 2.620
7. Comparison of Main Effect of Vegetable Oil and Al2o3 Nanofluids Used with MQL on
Surface Roughness and Temperature
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 209 editor@iaeme.com
Main Effect Plot for Signal to Noise Ratios
MeanofSNratios
12001000800
-32.0
-32.4
-32.8
-33.2
0.090.070.05
0.090.070.05
-32.0
-32.4
-32.8
-33.2
Speed Feed
Depth of Cut
Main Effects Plot (data means) for SN ratios
Signal-to-noise: Smaller is better
Figure 3 Main Effect Plot for Signal to Noise Ratios
4.2. For Nanofluids with MQL
4.2.1. For Surface Roughness –
Table no.8 and Figure no.4 indicates the signal to noise ratio. In this both the table
highest signal to noise ratio is indicated in bold format. This higher signal to noise
ratio indicates that, this particular input is favourable on the output. From the graph it
is observed that for best surface roughness the optimum value levels are Speed 800
rpm, Feed 0.07 mm/rev, Depth of cut 0.05 mm. It is observed that the most
influencing parameter from these three is Depth of cut then followed by feed and at
last speed.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Table 10 Analysis of Variance for Signal to Noise Ratios
Response Table for signal to Noise Ratios (smaller is better)
Table 11 Signal to Noise Ratios - Smaller is better
Level Speed Feed Depth of Cut
1 9.242 9.284 1.0763
2 7.832 7.906 7.702
3 7.442 7.327 6.052
Delta 1.800 1.957 4.711
Rank 3 2 1
Source DF Seg SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
S 2 5.380 5.380 2.690 9.690 0.094
F 2 6.061 6.061 3.030 10.92 0.084
D 2 34.289 34.289 17.144 61.75 0.016
Residual Error 2 0.555 0.555 0.277
Total 8 46.285
8. Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 210 editor@iaeme.com
Main Effect Plot for Signal to Noise Ratios
MeanofSNratios
12001000800
10.8
9.6
8.4
7.2
6.0
0.090.070.05
0.090.070.05
10.8
9.6
8.4
7.2
6.0
Speed Feed
Depth of Cut
Main Effects Plot (data means) for SN ratios
Signal-to-noise: Smaller is better
Figure 5 Main Effect Plot
4.2.2. For Temperature
Table no.13 and Figure no.6 indicates the signal to noise ratio. In this both the table
highest signal to noise ratio is indicated in bold format. This higher signal to noise
ratio indicates that, this particular input is favourable on the output. From the graph it
is observed that for best surface roughness the optimum value levels are Speed 800
rpm, Feed 0.07 mm/rev, Depth of cut 0.05 mm. It is observed that the most
influencing parameter from these three is Depth of cut then followed by feed and at
last speed.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Table 12 Analysis of Variance for Signal to Noise Ratios
Response Table for Signal to Noise Ratios (Smaller is better) –
Table 13 Signal to Noise Ratios - Smaller is better
Source DF Seg SS Adj SS Adj MS F P
S 2 0.893 0.893 0.446 12.73 0.073
F 2 0.064 0.064 0.032 0.92 0.521
D 2 1.294 1.294 0.647 18.46 0.051
Residual Error 2 0.070 0.070 0.035
Total 8 2.322
Level Speed Feed Depth of Cut
1 -31.04 -31.56 -30.96
2 -31.51 -31.36 -31.51
3 -31.80 -31.44 -31.88
Delta 0.76 0.21 0.92
Rank 2 3 1
9. Comparison of Main Effect of Vegetable Oil and Al2o3 Nanofluids Used with MQL on
Surface Roughness and Temperature
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 211 editor@iaeme.com
4.2. Comparison of Main Effect of Vegetable oil and Al2O3 Nanofluids
used with MQL on Surface Roughness and Temperature –
4.2.1. Surface Roughness (µm)
Figure 7 Comparison graph for surface roughness
From the figure 7 it is observed that at each experiment the value of surface
roughness when used with Al2O3 Nanofluids is comparatively low as compared with
Vegetable oil. The smooth surface finish were obtained while using Al2O3 nanofluids
with MQL.
4.2.2. Temperature (C)
Figure 8 Comparison graph for surface roughness
From the figure 8 it is observed that at each experiment the value of temperature
when used with Al2O3 Nanofluids is comparative low as compared with Vegetable
oil. The main problem with machining any component is heat generated while
machining. To cool down the work piece litres of coolant were wasted. Hence the
Al2O3 nanofluid with MQL is better option for flooded cooling system.
10. Shrikant Borade and Dr.M.S.Kadam
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/index.asp 212 editor@iaeme.com
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Principal Dr. Sudhir Deshmukh MGM’s JNEC
Aurangabad, for continuously assessing my work providing great guidance by timely
suggestion and discussion at ever stages of this work. We would like to thanks all
Mechanical Engineering Department MGM’s JNEC Aurangabad. The authors would
also like to thank Indo German Tool Room, Aurangabad and Swajit Engineering
Pvt.Ltd, Aurangabad for significant information and kind support for experimentation
and making available their testing facility for Research Work.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The present work has successfully demonstrated Al2 O3 Nano fluid applications in
CNC turning on EN353 steel using Minimum Quantity Lubrication. The surface
roughness (Ra) and Temperature (T) were measured under different cutting conditions
for diverse combinations of machining parameters. The final conclusions arrived, at
the end of this work are as follows:
These experiments show that Surface Roughness and Temperature reduced
significantly by machining EN353 steel using Nanofluid (i.e. 3 Vol. % of Al2O3 Nano
fluid) as compared to MQL Vegetable oil.
The percentage of error between the predicted and experimental values of the
multiple performance characteristics during the confirmation experiments is less than
5 % as it is within limit.
The value of multiple performance characteristics obtained from confirmation
experiment is within the 91% to 91.30% confidence interval of the predicted optimum
condition.
Hence it is concluded that Depth of Cut has significant effect on surface
roughness and temperature when used with MQL + Nanofluids. Followed by Feed,
Speed in Surface Roughness and Speed, Feed in Temperature.
REFERENCES
[1] Anselmo Eduardo Diniz, Ricardo Micaroni, (2002), Cutting conditions for finish
turning process aiming: the use of dry Cutting, International Journal of Machine
Tools & Manufacture 42,899-904
[2] Buongiorno, J. (March 2006), Convective Transport in Nanofluids, Journal of
Heat Transfer (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) 128 (3): 240.
Retrieved 27 March 2010.
[3] Douglas C. Montgomery (2009), Design and Analysis of Experiments, 7th
edition Wiley.
[4] E.O. Ezugwua,R.B. Da Silvaa,J. Bonneya, Á.R.Machadob, (2005), International
Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Volume 45, Issue 9, Pages 1009–
1014.
[5] EmelKuram, Babur Ozcelik and ErhanDemirbas (2013), Environmentally
Friendly Machining: Vegetable Based Cutting Fluids, Green Manufacturing
Processes and Systems, Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, 23-29
[6] Eastman J A, Phillpot S R, Choi S U S, and Keblinski P, (2004), Thermal
transport in nanofluids, A Rev. Mater. Res., 34, 219-230.
[7] Funda Kahraman,(2009), The use of Response Surface Methodology for
Prediction and Analysis of Surface Roughness of AISI 4140 Steel, Materiali in
tehnologije / Materials and technology, 267–270.