Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) adalah salah satu penyakit new emergence dengan potensi pandemi. Globalisasi menjadi salah satu bahasan menarik yang melingkupi penelitian dan pengetahuan tentang MERS dan dampaknya bagi populasi manusia. Presentasi ini dibawakan di depan mahasiswa Akademi Keperawatan Panti Rapih, Sabtu, 7 Juni 2014, sebagai pengantar kegiatan praktek klinik.
This document summarizes updated guidelines from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia regarding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what coronaviruses are, symptoms of MERS-CoV, case definitions, diagnostic testing, infection control protocols, and management of confirmed cases. Key points include that MERS-CoV causes severe acute respiratory illness, transmission is still under investigation but likely includes direct/indirect contact or droplets, and management involves isolation precautions, monitoring of contacts, and supportive care for patients.
MERS is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It has since spread to other countries on the Arabian Peninsula and cases have been reported elsewhere through international travel. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and management of symptoms. Precautions include hand washing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and thorough cleaning of surfaces.
MERS virus is a virus that related to the SARS virus, this virus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus, because this virus has caused several death of humans in Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: MERS- CoVGaurav Kamboj
This document provides an overview of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) including: the causative coronavirus; epidemiology and current status of MERS cases globally and in South Korea; the dromedary camel as the suspected animal reservoir; modes of transmission between camels and humans and between humans; clinical presentation and course of illness; laboratory diagnosis; treatment and prevention recommendations; and traveler guidelines. MERS is a viral respiratory illness first reported in 2012 with a case fatality rate of 36% that has caused several outbreaks, primarily in the Middle East.
The document provides guidelines for dealing with cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what MERS-CoV infections may look like clinically, including symptoms like fever, cough and shortness of breath. It provides criteria for who should be tested for MERS-CoV, such as those with severe acute respiratory illness who have traveled to the Middle East. It also outlines appropriate infection control measures, like droplet and contact precautions, to prevent transmission in healthcare settings. Currently there is no antiviral treatment available for MERS-CoV.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS belongs to a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus has been reported in several countries in the Middle East and has spread through close contact with infected individuals, with about 30% of confirmed cases resulting in death. Diagnosis involves real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory, blood, or stool samples. There is no vaccine currently available and treatment is supportive, with recommended measures including isolation precautions, monitoring of close contacts, and care of symptoms.
MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It primarily infects the respiratory tract of camels and can be transmitted from camels to humans. Human-to-human transmission has occurred mainly in healthcare settings. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. There is no vaccine and management involves supportive care, though interferon and ribavirin may help critically ill patients. Travelers can reduce risk by practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with sick individuals.
This document summarizes updated guidelines from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia regarding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what coronaviruses are, symptoms of MERS-CoV, case definitions, diagnostic testing, infection control protocols, and management of confirmed cases. Key points include that MERS-CoV causes severe acute respiratory illness, transmission is still under investigation but likely includes direct/indirect contact or droplets, and management involves isolation precautions, monitoring of contacts, and supportive care for patients.
MERS is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It has since spread to other countries on the Arabian Peninsula and cases have been reported elsewhere through international travel. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and management of symptoms. Precautions include hand washing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and thorough cleaning of surfaces.
MERS virus is a virus that related to the SARS virus, this virus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus, because this virus has caused several death of humans in Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: MERS- CoVGaurav Kamboj
This document provides an overview of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) including: the causative coronavirus; epidemiology and current status of MERS cases globally and in South Korea; the dromedary camel as the suspected animal reservoir; modes of transmission between camels and humans and between humans; clinical presentation and course of illness; laboratory diagnosis; treatment and prevention recommendations; and traveler guidelines. MERS is a viral respiratory illness first reported in 2012 with a case fatality rate of 36% that has caused several outbreaks, primarily in the Middle East.
The document provides guidelines for dealing with cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what MERS-CoV infections may look like clinically, including symptoms like fever, cough and shortness of breath. It provides criteria for who should be tested for MERS-CoV, such as those with severe acute respiratory illness who have traveled to the Middle East. It also outlines appropriate infection control measures, like droplet and contact precautions, to prevent transmission in healthcare settings. Currently there is no antiviral treatment available for MERS-CoV.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS belongs to a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus has been reported in several countries in the Middle East and has spread through close contact with infected individuals, with about 30% of confirmed cases resulting in death. Diagnosis involves real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory, blood, or stool samples. There is no vaccine currently available and treatment is supportive, with recommended measures including isolation precautions, monitoring of close contacts, and care of symptoms.
MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It primarily infects the respiratory tract of camels and can be transmitted from camels to humans. Human-to-human transmission has occurred mainly in healthcare settings. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. There is no vaccine and management involves supportive care, though interferon and ribavirin may help critically ill patients. Travelers can reduce risk by practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with sick individuals.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - May 2014Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak from 2012-2014. It provides data on case numbers and deaths across different countries. It examines the transmission patterns and risks, describing most cases as occurring in healthcare settings through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms are typically severe respiratory illness and there is no vaccine currently available.
1) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in 2012. There has recently been a large outbreak of over 170 cases in South Korea.
2) MERS-CoV likely originated in camels and bats and is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets. It can cause pneumonia and many who have died had underlying health conditions.
3) There is no specific treatment but supportive care is provided. Prevention includes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and disinfecting surfaces. Vaccine research is ongoing.
Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndromeDee Evardone
This study describes a hospital outbreak of 23 cases of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) infection in Saudi Arabia between April and May 2013. The outbreak originated from multiple community introductions and spread within the hospital, primarily affecting patients undergoing dialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU). The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.2 days, and the median serial interval was 7.6 days. Phylogenetic analysis showed the viruses formed a monophyletic clade, indicating a common source. Most cases involved older males with underlying conditions like diabetes, renal disease, cardiac or lung disease.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. As of now, there have been 688 reported cases of MERS of which 282 resulted in death, a 40% mortality rate. Camels have been identified as a potential reservoir for the virus. The virus is transmitted from human to human through direct contact or contaminated surfaces and causes respiratory symptoms. There is currently no vaccine though several treatments are being investigated.
In light of the rise in MERS CoV cases in the Middle East the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface and are named for these spikes. While most coronaviruses only infect animals, some like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic and can infect both animals and people. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide outbreak in 2002-2003 with over 8,000 cases. MERS-CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has caused illness in hundreds across several countries but remains concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or close contact with infected individuals.
Stuff about MERS-CoV that may not have been talked about here and isn't just ...Ian M. Mackay, Ph.D
This document discusses a novel coronavirus that was isolated from a patient in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It summarizes key details about MERS cases reported from 2012-2015, including demographics of cases and potential risk factors. It discusses evidence that dromedary camels can harbor the virus and may play a role in transmission to humans, but that human-to-human transmission is the primary driver of MERS outbreaks and clusters. Knowledge gaps are identified around the virus's geographic distribution and seasonality, population differences in severity, and the role of co-circulating respiratory viruses.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)Mayuri Rani
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes that derive their name from the crown-like appearance of viral spike proteins on their surface. MERS-CoV is classified within the Betacoronavirus genus and is closely related to bat coronaviruses. Camels are believed to be the primary animal reservoir, with limited human-to-human transmission occurring, mainly in healthcare settings. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure. There is currently no vaccine available for MERS-CoV.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS Co V)Anjum Hashmi MPH
This document discusses Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first identified in 2012. It provides details on the virus, including that it is different from coronaviruses that cause common colds and SARS. The document summarizes transmission between humans and animals, symptoms, surveillance and testing procedures, protective equipment, and control measures. It notes that a vaccine candidate has been developed but more research is still needed to understand and control the virus.
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel coronavirus that was first detected in 2012. It causes severe respiratory illness, with a mortality rate of 35-50%.
- The virus likely originated in bats and may be transmitted via an animal or environmental reservoir. Person-to-person transmission has occurred, especially in healthcare settings.
- At risk groups include older adults and those with underlying medical conditions. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. Diagnosis is made via PCR testing of respiratory samples. There is no vaccine and treatment is supportive.
This document provides guidelines for preventing and controlling the spread of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Key points include:
- MERS-CoV is a viral respiratory illness first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 that is transmitted through contact with infected camels. It has a high fatality rate.
- The incubation period is unknown but estimated at 2 weeks. Camels are the primary source and it can survive in indoor environments for over 48 hours.
- Transmission occurs through droplets, direct/indirect contact, and possibly fomites and airborne routes. There are no approved vaccines or treatments.
This document provides information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It discusses that coronaviruses can be transmitted from animals to humans and between humans. The 2019-nCoV was identified as the cause of the outbreak with many early cases linked to a seafood market, but human-to-human transmission has since been observed. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures for 2019-nCoV infection.
This document discusses global health security threats in the Eastern Mediterranean region, with a focus on MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H5N1). It outlines the current situation and epidemiological characteristics of MERS cases globally and in the region. It also discusses challenges around gaps in understanding transmission of these viruses and the need for improved surveillance, rapid response, and prevention of outbreaks. The document calls for monitoring pandemic risk, responding quickly to cases and clusters, preventing hospital outbreaks, addressing knowledge gaps, and improved preparedness to deal with these ongoing health threats.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that appear under the microscope as having crown-like projections. The common cold is associated with several viruses including some human coronaviruses. MERS-CoV was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and has an incubation period of 2-14 days. MERS-CoV causes symptoms such as fever, cough and shortness of breath, and in some cases can cause pneumonia, kidney failure and death. Since 2012 there have been over 800 cases of MERS-CoV including many in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
Relationship between SARS CoV, MERS CoV and COVID19.SumitSingh1135
The document discusses the phylogenetic relationship between SARS CoV1, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2 based on their spike proteins. It provides information on coronaviruses in general and describes the three virus types - SARS CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2. For each virus type, it discusses symptoms, transmission, prevention, and their respective spike protein sequences. It also briefly discusses COVID-19 vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer, and Moderna.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the 2003 SARS outbreak and the more recent emergence of MERS-CoV. It provides details on:
- The international spread of SARS from Hong Kong to multiple countries in 2003, killing 775 people.
- Key facts about MERS-CoV, a novel coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 that is causing severe respiratory illness, with a case fatality rate of around 45%. As of November 2013, 149 cases and 63 deaths had been reported across several countries linked to the Middle East.
- Ongoing research investigating the virus's origin and transmission, though its animal reservoir remains unclear. Bats and camels are suspected but the exact source is still unknown.
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was declared a pandemic in March 2020. It has since infected over 2.5 million people globally with over 187,000 deaths. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves travel history screening, chest imaging and PCR testing of respiratory samples. Most cases are mild but some can progress to pneumonia or multi-organ failure. Treatment is supportive and there is no vaccine currently available, but over 100 candidates are in development.
This document provides information about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses that MERS-CoV was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and is caused by a novel coronavirus. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia, some patients were infected after travel to the Middle East. The virus likely jumps between animals like bats and camels to humans. Recommendations are provided to prevent spread, including handwashing, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and seeking medical care for fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days of travel to the Middle East.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - May 2014Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak from 2012-2014. It provides data on case numbers and deaths across different countries. It examines the transmission patterns and risks, describing most cases as occurring in healthcare settings through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms are typically severe respiratory illness and there is no vaccine currently available.
1) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in 2012. There has recently been a large outbreak of over 170 cases in South Korea.
2) MERS-CoV likely originated in camels and bats and is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets. It can cause pneumonia and many who have died had underlying health conditions.
3) There is no specific treatment but supportive care is provided. Prevention includes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and disinfecting surfaces. Vaccine research is ongoing.
Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndromeDee Evardone
This study describes a hospital outbreak of 23 cases of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) infection in Saudi Arabia between April and May 2013. The outbreak originated from multiple community introductions and spread within the hospital, primarily affecting patients undergoing dialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU). The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.2 days, and the median serial interval was 7.6 days. Phylogenetic analysis showed the viruses formed a monophyletic clade, indicating a common source. Most cases involved older males with underlying conditions like diabetes, renal disease, cardiac or lung disease.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. As of now, there have been 688 reported cases of MERS of which 282 resulted in death, a 40% mortality rate. Camels have been identified as a potential reservoir for the virus. The virus is transmitted from human to human through direct contact or contaminated surfaces and causes respiratory symptoms. There is currently no vaccine though several treatments are being investigated.
In light of the rise in MERS CoV cases in the Middle East the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface and are named for these spikes. While most coronaviruses only infect animals, some like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic and can infect both animals and people. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide outbreak in 2002-2003 with over 8,000 cases. MERS-CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has caused illness in hundreds across several countries but remains concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or close contact with infected individuals.
Stuff about MERS-CoV that may not have been talked about here and isn't just ...Ian M. Mackay, Ph.D
This document discusses a novel coronavirus that was isolated from a patient in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It summarizes key details about MERS cases reported from 2012-2015, including demographics of cases and potential risk factors. It discusses evidence that dromedary camels can harbor the virus and may play a role in transmission to humans, but that human-to-human transmission is the primary driver of MERS outbreaks and clusters. Knowledge gaps are identified around the virus's geographic distribution and seasonality, population differences in severity, and the role of co-circulating respiratory viruses.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)Mayuri Rani
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with positive-sense RNA genomes that derive their name from the crown-like appearance of viral spike proteins on their surface. MERS-CoV is classified within the Betacoronavirus genus and is closely related to bat coronaviruses. Camels are believed to be the primary animal reservoir, with limited human-to-human transmission occurring, mainly in healthcare settings. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure. There is currently no vaccine available for MERS-CoV.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS Co V)Anjum Hashmi MPH
This document discusses Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first identified in 2012. It provides details on the virus, including that it is different from coronaviruses that cause common colds and SARS. The document summarizes transmission between humans and animals, symptoms, surveillance and testing procedures, protective equipment, and control measures. It notes that a vaccine candidate has been developed but more research is still needed to understand and control the virus.
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel coronavirus that was first detected in 2012. It causes severe respiratory illness, with a mortality rate of 35-50%.
- The virus likely originated in bats and may be transmitted via an animal or environmental reservoir. Person-to-person transmission has occurred, especially in healthcare settings.
- At risk groups include older adults and those with underlying medical conditions. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. Diagnosis is made via PCR testing of respiratory samples. There is no vaccine and treatment is supportive.
This document provides guidelines for preventing and controlling the spread of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Key points include:
- MERS-CoV is a viral respiratory illness first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 that is transmitted through contact with infected camels. It has a high fatality rate.
- The incubation period is unknown but estimated at 2 weeks. Camels are the primary source and it can survive in indoor environments for over 48 hours.
- Transmission occurs through droplets, direct/indirect contact, and possibly fomites and airborne routes. There are no approved vaccines or treatments.
This document provides information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It discusses that coronaviruses can be transmitted from animals to humans and between humans. The 2019-nCoV was identified as the cause of the outbreak with many early cases linked to a seafood market, but human-to-human transmission has since been observed. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures for 2019-nCoV infection.
This document discusses global health security threats in the Eastern Mediterranean region, with a focus on MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H5N1). It outlines the current situation and epidemiological characteristics of MERS cases globally and in the region. It also discusses challenges around gaps in understanding transmission of these viruses and the need for improved surveillance, rapid response, and prevention of outbreaks. The document calls for monitoring pandemic risk, responding quickly to cases and clusters, preventing hospital outbreaks, addressing knowledge gaps, and improved preparedness to deal with these ongoing health threats.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that appear under the microscope as having crown-like projections. The common cold is associated with several viruses including some human coronaviruses. MERS-CoV was first identified in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and has an incubation period of 2-14 days. MERS-CoV causes symptoms such as fever, cough and shortness of breath, and in some cases can cause pneumonia, kidney failure and death. Since 2012 there have been over 800 cases of MERS-CoV including many in Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
Relationship between SARS CoV, MERS CoV and COVID19.SumitSingh1135
The document discusses the phylogenetic relationship between SARS CoV1, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2 based on their spike proteins. It provides information on coronaviruses in general and describes the three virus types - SARS CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS CoV2. For each virus type, it discusses symptoms, transmission, prevention, and their respective spike protein sequences. It also briefly discusses COVID-19 vaccines such as Covaxin, Pfizer, and Moderna.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the 2003 SARS outbreak and the more recent emergence of MERS-CoV. It provides details on:
- The international spread of SARS from Hong Kong to multiple countries in 2003, killing 775 people.
- Key facts about MERS-CoV, a novel coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 that is causing severe respiratory illness, with a case fatality rate of around 45%. As of November 2013, 149 cases and 63 deaths had been reported across several countries linked to the Middle East.
- Ongoing research investigating the virus's origin and transmission, though its animal reservoir remains unclear. Bats and camels are suspected but the exact source is still unknown.
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was declared a pandemic in March 2020. It has since infected over 2.5 million people globally with over 187,000 deaths. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves travel history screening, chest imaging and PCR testing of respiratory samples. Most cases are mild but some can progress to pneumonia or multi-organ failure. Treatment is supportive and there is no vaccine currently available, but over 100 candidates are in development.
This document provides information about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses that MERS-CoV was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and is caused by a novel coronavirus. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia, some patients were infected after travel to the Middle East. The virus likely jumps between animals like bats and camels to humans. Recommendations are provided to prevent spread, including handwashing, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and seeking medical care for fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days of travel to the Middle East.
Here are the key pros and cons of influenza vaccines:
Pros:
- They reduce the risk of catching the flu. While effectiveness can vary, vaccines still provide substantial protection for many people.
- They reduce the risk of serious flu complications. Even if the vaccine isn't a perfect match for circulating strains, it often makes the illness milder.
- They can help prevent spreading the flu to vulnerable groups. Higher vaccination rates in the population help create "herd immunity."
- The side effects are usually mild. Soreness at the injection site and low-grade fever are common temporary side effects.
Cons:
- Effectiveness depends on accurate strain prediction. If the vaccine isn't a good match for
A study was conducted among 1256 dental professionals to assess their knowledge and attitudes regarding conservative and endodontic practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that while the participants had good basic knowledge of COVID-19, areas for improvement were identified. For example, only 43% knew the accurate incubation period. Rubber dams were recognized as useful by 83% but techniques like low-speed handpieces were preferred by only 25%. While PPE kits were seen as important by 72%, only surgical masks were deemed sufficient by 37%. The study concluded that dental professionals need to be cautious when treating patients during the pandemic and limit disease spread.
A study was conducted among 1256 dental professionals to assess their knowledge and attitudes regarding conservative and endodontic practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was found that while the participants had good basic knowledge of COVID-19, areas for improvement were identified. For example, only 43% knew the accurate incubation period. Rubber dams were widely recognized as protective tools, but techniques like low-speed handpieces and chemomechanical methods were less familiar. The study concluded that while dental workers understand disease transmission, extra precautions are needed when treating patients during the pandemic.
Adenoviruses are a family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness, eye infections, and gastrointestinal disease. They are transmitted through close personal contact or touching contaminated surfaces. While most adenovirus infections cause mild illness, they can sometimes lead to pneumonia or other complications in infants, young children, and those with weak immune systems. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, and prevention relies on good hygiene practices like hand washing.
Thank you for the detailed summary and critical appraisal of the document. This will help provide important context and evaluation of the information presented.
The document provides a summary of COVID-19 including its definition, epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and presents with respiratory symptoms ranging from mild to severe.
- It spread rapidly from Wuhan, China in December 2019. Risk factors include travel to affected areas and close contact with infected individuals.
- SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors in humans, similarly to SARS. It has a reproductive number of approximately 2.2.
- Diagnosis involves screening for exposure risk factors and testing respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2
The Journal of General Medicine, India’s first on-line medical journal that promises to deliver both quality and varied content that would benefit ALL Doctors across specialties.
MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONA VIRUS (MERS CoV)Dhruvendra Pandey
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, countries affected by MERS virus, preventive and control strategies for MERS infection, recommendation for healthcare professionals and hospitals in case of MERS corona virus infection, time trend of different events in corona virus infection, MERS Cov is associated with camels, Saudi Arabia guideline for travellers to haj and umrah, MERS CoV Vaccine
This document provides information on recognizing and treating patients with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis. It begins with learning objectives and definitions of SARI, COVID-19 symptoms, and the importance of early recognition of SARI patients. It then discusses recognizing severe pneumonia, ARDS, and sepsis based on symptoms, severity scores, and clinical criteria. It emphasizes the need for early treatment and resuscitation to improve outcomes.
A Serological Survey of Human Parainfluenza Viruses (HPIVs) among Children in...iosrjce
This study was done to carry out a survey of Human Parainfluenza Virus in children aged 1-12years
in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Diagnostic kits. Of the 376
samples tested for IgG antibody of HPIV 1, 2 and 3, 288 were seropositive (76.6%). Risk and demographic
factors such as age of the children parental occupation, parental educational status, vitamin A deficiency,
frequency of eating, household size, duration of breastfeeding, environmental smoke, respiratory symptoms,
fever, sickle cell and underlying diseases were analysed. Age (χ2=17.408, p=0.001), parental occupation
(χ2=10.116, p=0.039), duration of breastfeeding (χ2=8.439, p=0.015), presence of respiratory symptoms
(χ2=5.116, p=0.024) were significantly associated with the infection. Observation from the study showed the
importance of Human Parainfluenza Virus as an agent of respiratory tract infection in children. As antiviral
drugs are not readily available, preventive measures should be adhered to in the control of the infection.
This document provides information about NabiswaBoaz infection control. It discusses COVID-19, including its symptoms, transmission, who is most at risk, screening and testing methods, treatments, and prevention strategies. Some key points covered include how COVID-19 is transmitted via droplets, its most common symptoms, those at highest risk like the elderly and immunocompromised, the use of RT-PCR testing for diagnosis, supportive treatments and isolating patients. Prevention strategies discussed social distancing, hand washing, use of PPE, and vaccinations.
1) Infectious diseases pose risks to healthcare workers, as evidenced by past outbreaks like SARS, Ebola, and seasonal influenza. During the 2013-2015 Ebola outbreak, over 20,000 cases and 11,000 deaths occurred, and healthcare workers were over 20 times more likely to be infected.
2) The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 highlighted these risks. Attack rates for SARS among healthcare workers ranged from 1-35% depending on their role and exposure. Proximity to infected patients, aerosol-generating procedures, and lack of proper personal protective equipment increased risk.
3) General infection control principles like isolation, quarantine, hand hygiene, and use of masks and other
This document summarizes risk factors and response actions related to influenza A H1N1. It outlines background information on influenza strains and pandemics. The 2009 H1N1 strain was a combination of genes from swine, avian, and human influenza viruses. Studies identified higher risk groups as American Indians, younger/older individuals, and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Vaccination timing and strategies were modeled in Canada, showing reduced infection risk with vaccination. Key response actions included isolation, hand washing, and informing healthcare providers.
Emphasis on wellness, education and prevention of covid 19shamil C.B
The document discusses COVID-19 and provides information on the virus, its transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It describes coronaviruses and defines COVID-19. It covers the incidence and spread of COVID-19 globally. Key points include how the virus is transmitted, its incubation period, high-risk groups, common and severe symptoms, diagnostic tests and medical management. The presentation emphasizes the importance of prevention measures like hand washing, social distancing and mask wearing.
The document provides information about Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), including:
1) DHF is a severe form of dengue virus infection characterized by fever, hemorrhagic phenomena, hepatomegaly and circulatory failure.
2) It is transmitted via the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water and exhibits daytime biting behavior.
3) There is no vaccine currently available to prevent DHF, and prevention relies on mosquito control to reduce transmission.
An infection control nurse informed the PICU consultant that two patients have been found to have MDR Acinetobacter infections. This may constitute an Acinetobacter outbreak. The consultant should confirm it is an outbreak by investigating patients and the environment, calculating the attack rate, and comparing it to the background rate. If confirmed, treatment and prevention measures should be implemented, including isolation, cohorting, strict sterilization and disinfection procedures.
Similar to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) dan Tantangan Global Health (20)
Materi "Luka Akut" ini diberikan untuk mahasiswa tingkat sarjana di Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana. Materi ini diperbarui untuk kuliah bulan Maret tahun 2024.
Luka bakar bukan luka biasa. Luka bakar adalah cedera berat yang menimbulkan morbiditas dan mortalitas luar biasa. Dokter muda diharapkan mampu mengenali luka bakar, mengetahui resusitasi dan kapan harus merujuk, merawat luka bakar minor, dan tahu bagaimana mengedukasi masyarakat untuk mencegah luka bakar. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pendidikan klinis bedah dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana. Presentasi ini diperbarui 2024.
"Manus mani, homo hominis" atau "hakikat tangan, hakikat manusia". Tangan adalah salah satu pembeda manusia dari primata yang lain. Dapat dikatakan, peradaban manusia ditentukan oleh tangan. Trauma tangan, dengan demikian merupakan hendaya yang serius dalam kesejahteraan manusia. Asesmen yang menyeluruh dan teliti diperlukan agar trauma tangan dapat ditata laksana dengan paripurna. Presentasi ini ditujukan bagi pengantar pendidikan klinis bedah dokter muda FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z Johannes Kupang, dan telah diperbarui ke versi tahun 2024.
Regio maksilofasial didefinisikan sebagai regio yang dibatasi mentale dan sutura coronaria. Trauma pada regio ini sering terjadi di Indonesia, mayoritas karena kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kecelakaan kerja. Trauma wajah penting karena trauma pada regio ini mempengaruhi tidak hanya wajah sebagai identitas seseorang namun juga panca indera dan saluran nafas. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pendidikan klinis bedah dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana. Presentasi ini diperbarui tahun 2024.
Presentasi ini mengenalkan sumbing bibir dan langit-langit atau biasa disebut cleft lip and/or palate atau labiognatopalatoschizis atau orofacial cleft. Cacat ini merupakan kelainan kraniofasial kongenital tersering. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pembelajaran dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana. Presentasi ini diperbarui tahun 2024
Presentasi singkat ini memperkenalkan kepada dokter muda di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FK Universitas Nusa Cendana mengenai bedah plastik sebagai sebuah spesialisasi dan apa saja kajian utamanya. Bahan presentasi ini diperbarui tahun 2024.
Saya jarang sekali mendapatkan kesempatan membagikan bagaimana kegiatan pembelajaran di Magister Manajemen Rumah Sakit prodi Pasca Sarjana IKM FKKMK UGM menunjang praktek klinis saya. Kali ini kesempatan itu datang. Materi ini dibuat untuk pada dokter muda FKKMK UGM yang sedang menjalani rotasi klinik di Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat FKKMK UGM. Presentasi ini dibawakan 25 September 2023. Dalam presentasi ini saya membahas empat dari sekian banyak hal yang saya pelajari di MMR UGM dan sangat mendukung kegiatan praktek klinik sebagai dokter spesialis. Semoga bermanfaat!
This document discusses maxillofacial trauma management by Dr. Robertus Arian. It begins with definitions of plastic surgery and then discusses evaluation and management of maxillofacial trauma through history, physical exam, imaging, and surgical treatment planning. Key points covered include the anatomy of the maxillofacial region, common causes of trauma, approaches to examination including inspection, palpation, and evaluation of cranial nerves and occlusion. Treatment goals of restoring both form and function of the face are also outlined. Overall, the document provides an overview of evaluating and treating maxillofacial trauma from an anatomical and clinical perspective.
Bahan pembelajaran ini disusun untuk presentasi kuliah Blok Trauma mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan (FKKH) Universitas Nusa Cendana (Undana). Materi ini diperbarui dengan beberapa poin penting tambahan pada bulan Maret 2023.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang celah bibir dan langit-langit, termasuk definisi, epidemiologi, faktor risiko, masalah yang ditimbulkan, penatalaksanaan, dan tahapan pasca operasi. Secara ringkas, celah bibir dan langit-langit merupakan kelainan kongenital paling umum yang disebabkan oleh gangguan selama trimester pertama kehamilan dan memerlukan penanganan secara multidisiplin dan bertahap."
Luka bakar bukan luka biasa. Luka bakar adalah cedera berat yang menimbulkan morbiditas dan mortalitas luar biasa. Dokter muda diharapkan mampu mengenali luka bakar, mengetahui resusitasi dan kapan harus merujuk, merawat luka bakar minor, dan tahu bagaimana mengedukasi masyarakat untuk mencegah luka bakar. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pendidikan klinis bedah dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana. Presentasi ini diperbarui 2023).
Dalam bahan pembelajaran ini akan dibahas mengenai beberapa ide pokok mengenai luka akut dan kronis beserta tata laksananya yang perlu diketahui dokter muda selama menjalani kepaniteraan klinik di bagian bedah. Bahan ini dipersiapkan untuk pembelajaran dokter muda FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana (Undana) selama kepaniteraan klinik di SMF Bedah RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes, Kupang. Presentasi ini diperbarui secara menyeluruh di tahun 2023.
The document discusses trauma to the maxillofacial region. It covers anatomy, causes of injury, examination techniques, classification of fractures, and surgical treatment goals. Key points include the importance of thorough history taking and physical exam, the relationship between the maxillofacial region and other systems, and recognizing abnormalities from trauma through anatomical knowledge. Imaging plays a role in evaluation, and surgery aims to restore both function and aesthetics of the face.
"Hakikat tangan, hakikat manusia". Tangan adalah salah satu pembeda manusia dari primata yang lain. Dapat dikatakan, peradaban manusia ditentukan oleh tangan. Trauma tangan, dengan demikian merupakan hendaya yang serius dalam kesejahteraan manusia. Asesmen yang menyeluruh dan teliti diperlukan agar trauma tangan dapat ditata laksana dengan paripurna. Presentasi ini ditujukan bagi pengantar pendidikan klinis bedah dokter muda FKKH Universitas Nusa Cendana di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z Johannes Kupang,
Presentasi singkat ini memperkenalkan kepada dokter muda di RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FK Universitas Nusa Cendana mengenai bedah plastik sebagai sebuah spesialisasi dan apa saja kajian utamanya. Bahan presentasi ini diperbarui tahun 2023.
Regio maksilofasial didefinisikan sebagai regio yang dibatasi mentale dan sutura coronaria. Trauma pada regio ini sering terjadi di Indonesia, mayoritas karena kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kecelakaan kerja. Bahan ini dibuat untuk kepentingan pembelajaran dokter muda di lingkungan RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes - FK Universitas Nusa Cendana. Materi ini adalah pembaruan terakhir dengan tambahan foto pemeriksaan fisik pada sukarelawan sehat (telah memberikan izin untuk digunakan fotonya sebatas untuk pendidikan dan pendidikan berkelanjutan tenaga kesehatan dan calon tenaga kesehatan).
Anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik pada trauma wajah (trauma maksilofasial) tetap merupakan strategi utama untuk menegakkan diagnosis dan menentukan rencana tata laksana. Kurang lebih seperempat kasus cedera kepala datang dengan trauma maksilofasial, baik pada jaringan lunak maupun tulang. Keterampilan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan pemilihan pemeriksaan penunjang menjadi penting bagi dokter yang melayani di pelayanan gawat darurat.
Bedah plastik rekonstruksi & estetik adalah salah satu cabang ilmu bedah. Kata plastik berasal dari bahasa Yunani "plasticos" yang berarti membentuk. Bedah plastik memiliki perhatian yang mendalam pada jaringan lunak dan tulang wajah (maksilofasial) sehingga baik rekonstruksi pasca trauma maupun estetika wajah merupakan kajian utama bedah plastik.
This document discusses clinical assessment of hand trauma. It begins with an overview of anatomy and examination techniques. The examination involves inspection, palpation, and range of motion testing of the hand and wrist. Detailed assessment is provided for muscles, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, bones and joints. Additional tests including imaging may be used. Case-based examples are presented to demonstrate specific clinical findings and management. The summary emphasizes the importance of a thorough clinical examination in evaluating hand injuries.
Dalam bahan pembelajaran ini akan dibahas mengenai beberapa ide pokok mengenai asesmen luka, merawat luka, dan menjahit luka yang perlu diketahui dokter muda selama menjalani kepaniteraan klinik di bagian bedah. Bahan ini dipersiapkan untuk pembelajaran dokter muda Universitas Nusa Cendana (Undana) selama kepaniteraan klinik di SMF Bedah RSUD Prof. Dr. W. Z. Johannes, Kupang.
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3. Beberapa Outbreak
Tahun Nama Penyebab
1968 Hong Kong Flu
Virus Influenza A
subtipe H2N2
2003
Avian Influenza (AI) Virus Influenza A
subtipe H5N1
2003
Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS)
SARS Coronavirus /
SARS-CoV
2009
Swine Flu / Flu Babi Virus Influenza A
subtipe H1N1
2012
Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS)
MERS Coronavirus /
MERS-CoV
8. Keterlibatan Global
¨ Sejak April 2012, ada 536 kasus konfirmasi
dengan 145 kematian (case fatality proportion
27,05%).
¨ Timur Tengah: Yordania, Kuwait, Oman,
Qatar, Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Yaman.
¨ Afrika: Mesir dan Tunisia.
¨ Eropa: Perancis, Jerman, Yunani, Italia, dan
Inggris.
¨ Lainnya: Malaysia Filipina, Amerika Serikat
¨ 65,6% laki-laki, median usia: 49 tahun.
World Health Organization, 9 Mei 2014
10. Phylogenetic relationships among members of the subfamily Coronavirinae and taxonomic
position of MERS-CoV.
de Groot R J et al. J. Virol. 2013;87:7790-7792
11. People Under Investigation (PUI)
A. Fever(≥38°C) and pneumonia or acute respiratory distress
syndrome (based on clinical or radiological evidence) AND
EITHER:
A. a history of travel from countries in or near the Arabian
Peninsula within 14 days before symptom onset, OR
close contact with a symptomatic traveler who developed fever
and acute respiratory illness (not necessarily pneumonia)
within 14 days after traveling from countries in or near the
Arabian Peninsula OR
B. a member of a cluster of patients with severe acute respiratory
illness (e.g. fever and pneumonia requiring hospitalization) of
unknown etiology in which MERS-CoV is being evaluated, in
consultation with state and local health departments.
OR
B. Close contact with a confirmed or probable case of MERS
while the case was ill AND
A. fever (>100°F) or symptoms of respiratory illness within 14
days following the close contact.
(CDC 2014)
12. Confirmed / Probable Case
¨ A confirmed case is a person with laboratory
confirmation of MERS-CoV infection.
¨ A probable case is a PUI with absent or
inconclusive laboratory results for MERS-CoV
infection who is a close contact of a laboratory-
confirmed MERS-CoV case.
http://watchdog.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/
(CDC 2014)
13. Pencegahan
¨ Cuci tangan dengan sabun dan air
selama 20 detik. Dewasa / anak. Atau
gunakan alcohol-based hand
sanitizer.
¨ Tutup hidung dan mulut dengan tisu
saat batuk / bersin, lalu buang tisu ke
tempat sampah.
¨ Hindari menyentuh mata, hidung, dan
mulut dengan tangan kotor.
¨ Hindari kontak personal: ciuman,
berbagi alat makan / gelas, dengan
orang sakit.
¨ Bersihkan & desinfeksi berkala
permukaan barang yang sering
disentuh, misal gagang pintu dan
mainan.
Koleksi Pribadi
(CDC 2014)
14. Gambaran Klinis
¨ Gejala umum: demam, batuk, sesak
nafas.
¨ Spektrum lebar: dari asimtomatik
sampai multi organ failure dan
kematian.
¨ Case fatality proportion 28-30%
¨ Saat MRS: demam, menggigil, sakit
kepala, batuk kering, sesak nafas, dan
nyeri otot.
¨ Gejala lain: nyeri tenggorok, pilek,
mual, muntah, dizziness, dahak, diare,
dan nyeri perut.
¨ Perlu ICU: ISPA dengan progresi cepat
ke pneumonia dalam seminggu.
http://ak4.picdn.net/
(CDC 2014)
15. Perjalanan Alamiah Penyakit
¨ Masa inkubasi transmisi antar manusia: 5 (2-13) hari.
¨ Pada MERS-CoV: onset sampai MRS 4 hari.
¨ Pada pasien kritis: onset sampai ICU 5 hari, median
onset sampai kematian 12 hari.
¨ Radiografis: peningkatan densitas atau opasitas, infiltrat
interstisial, konsolidasi, efusi pleura.
¨ Perburukan: gagal nafas akut, ARDS, hipoksemia
berulang, komplikasi ekstrapulmoner (AKI, hipotensi,
hepatitis, syok septik).
¨ Laboratoris: leukopenia, limfopenia, thrombositopenia,
dan kenaikan laktat dehidrogenase.
(CDC 2014)
16. A) Chest radiograph of a 61-year-old man, showing bilateral fine reticulonodular air-space opacities, increased vascular
markings, and cardiomegaly. (B) Chest radiograph of an 83-year-old man, showing right lung consolidation, right basal
pleural thickening, and reticulonodular air-space opacities; rib fractures on the right are old. (C) Chest radiograph of a 56-
year-old man, showing extensive bilateral extensive diffuse and focal alveolar space opacities, with opacification of the left
lower lobe. (D) Chest radiograph of a 67-year-old man, showing extensive bilateral disease, with diffuse alveolar space
densities, opacification, reticulonodular opacities, and bronchial wall thickening. (E) Chest radiograph of a 49-year-old
man, showing extensive bilateral mid and lower zone disease, with diffuse reticulonodular alveolar space opacities. A
thoracic CT scan in the same patient (F) shows extensive bilateral opacities and ground-glass reticulonodular shadowing
and bronchiolar wall thickening. (Assiri et al 2013)
22. Transmission Map of Outbreak of MERS-CoV Infection.
Assiri A et al. N Engl J Med 2013;369:407-416.
23. Penularan di Rumah Sakit
¨ Di Jeddah, >60% dari 128
kasus kemungkinan
mendapat infeksi di rumah
sakit (WHO, 2014).
¨ … jelas dari klaster yang
berhubungan dengan
pelayanan kesehatan,
transmisi manusia ke
manusia terjadi akibat
paparan tanpa proteksi…
(Arabi et al 2014).
http://images.thenews.com.pk
25. Kesiapan Petugas
¨ Alat perlindungan diri
¤ Gaun
¤ Masker N95
¤ Kaca mata
¤ Sarung tangan
¨ Hand hygiene
¤ Cara cuci tangan
¤ 5 moments in hand hygiene
¨ Edukasi keluarga /
pengunjung
¨ Pembuangan limbah
¨ Penanganan linen
http://cdn.65emall.com/
(CDC 2014)
27. Beberapa Outbreak
Tahun Nama Penyebab
1968 Hong Kong Flu
Virus Influenza A
subtipe H2N2
2003 Avian Influenza (AI)
Virus Influenza A
subtipe H5N1
2003
Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS)
SARS Coronavirus /
SARS-CoV
2009 Swine Flu / Flu Babi
Virus Influenza A
subtipe H1N1
2012
Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS)
MERS Coronavirus /
MERS-CoV
28. Apa kesamaan dari kelima
contoh outbreak pada slide
sebelumnya?
http://www.mynamesnotmommy.com/
29. Beberapa Ciri Serupa
¨ Penyakit baru, progresif, fatality rate tinggi.
¨ Menyebar cepat
¨ Melibatkan hewan (unggas, babi, kelelawar,
unta, dll)
¨ Dugaan kuat transmisi dari manusia ke
manusia
¨ Mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan politis
¨ Berhubungan dengan kegiatan ekonomi global
30. Global Health
¨ An area for study, research, and practice that
places a priority on improving health and
achieving equity in health for all people
worldwide.
¨ Emphasizes transnational health issues,
determinants, and solutions
¨ Involves many disciplines within and beyond the
health sciences and promotes interdisciplinary
collaboration
¨ A synthesis of population-based prevention with
individual-level clinical care
(Koplan et al 2014)
31. Global Health
Geographical reach Focuses on issues that directly or
indirectly affect health but that can
transcend national boundaries
Level of cooperation Development and implementation of
solutions often requires global
cooperation
Individuals or populations Embraces both prevention in populations
and clinical care of individuals
Access to health Health equity among nations and for all
people is a major objective
Range of disciplines Highly interdisciplinary and
multidisciplinary within and beyond
health sciences
(Koplan et al 2014)
32. International Health
(Koplan et al 2014)
Geographical reach Focuses on health issues of countries
other than one’s own, especially those of
low-income and middle-income
Level of cooperation Development and implementation of
solutions usually requires binational
cooperation
Individuals or populations Embraces both prevention in
populations and clinical care of
individuals
Access to health Seeks to help people of other nations
Range of disciplines Embraces a few disciplines but has not
emphasized multidisciplinary
33. Public Health
(Koplan et al 2014)
Geographical reach Focuses on issues that affect the health of
the population of a particular community
or country
Level of cooperation Development and implementation of
solutions does not usually require global
cooperation
Individuals or populations Mainly focused on prevention
programmes for populations
Access to health Health equity within a nation or
community is a major objective
Range of disciplines Encourages multidisciplinary approaches,
particularly within health sciences and
with social sciences
34. Global Health vs Globalisasi
¨ Penyebaran risiko kesehatan / penyakit di
dunia sering berhubungan dengan
perdagangan atau usaha penguasaan.
¨ Peningkatan kecepatan komunikasi dan
perjalanan, juga saling ketergantungan
ekonomi antar bangsa, mengakibatkan
timbulnya tingkat dan kecepatan saling
keterhubungan baru yang disebut
globalisasi.
¨ Global health menggunakan sumber
daya, pengetahuan, dan pengalaman
beragam bangsa untuk menjawab
tantangan kesehatan di seluruh dunia.
(Koplan et al 2014) http://wardheernews.com
35. Infeksi: Faktor Berpengaruh
The Microbial Agent The Human Host The Human Environment
Genetic adaptation and change Human susceptibility to
infection
Climate and weather
Polymicrobial diseases Human demographics and
behavior
Changing ecosystems
International trade and travel Economic development and
land use
Intent to harm (bioterrorism) Technology and industry
Occupational exposures Poverty and social inequality
Inappropriate use of antibiotics Lack of public health services
Animal populations
War and famine
Lack of political will
(Morens & Fauci 2013)
41. Ringkasan
¨ MERS adalah penyakit infeksi baru yang
berpotensi mengganggu global health.
¨ Sedikit yang telah diketahui namun banyak hal
umum yang bisa diaplikasi.
¨ Sampai saat ini, Indonesia belum termasuk dalam
daftar negara terlibat MERS.
¨ Indonesia, walau bagaimana, berpotensi BESAR
terlibat dalam penularan MERS.
¨ Kita sebagai tenaga kesehatan tidak mungkin
menghindari isu-isu global health, terutama soal
infeksi (new-emergence maupun re-emergence).
42. Refleksi
¨ Apa yang telah saya pelajari dari pemaparan
ini?
¨ Pengetahuan apa yang saya sudah tahu, dan
pengetahuan baru mana yang saya dapat?
¨ Apakah pengetahuan baru ini mempunyai
kontribusi pada diri saya?
¨ Bagaimana saya dapat berkontribusi pada
masyarakat lewat pengetahuan ini?
¨ Pertanyaan apa yang saya harus cari
jawabannya terkait pengetahuan baru ini?
43. Quiz - Berhadiah
¨ Berdasarkan pemaparan tadi dan refleksi yang anda
lakukan, buatlah tulisan sepanjang kurang dari 8
paragraf mengenai refleksi anda!
¨ Anda dapat menulis apa saja, dari sudut pandang
mana saja. Semakin unik, semakin menarik.
¨ Quiz ini sukarela, tidak wajib.
¨ Attach tulisan via email ke arian9677@gmail.com
sebelum Rabu, 11 Juni 2014 tengah malam. Tuliskan
pada subjek: “Refleksi MERS”.
¨ Tersedia hadiah menarik bagi dua tulisan terbaik.
¨ Tidak ada sponsor pada quiz ini.
45. Referensi (1)
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Khaldi A; Raiy BA. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Middle East
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online: http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1817260
¨ Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, Al-Rabiah FA, Al-Hajjar S, Al-Barrak A, Flemban H, Al-
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http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1306742
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Berikutnya…
46. Referensi (2)
¨ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Infection Prevention and Control
Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Available Online:
http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/infection-prevention-control.html
¨ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Case
Definitions. Available Online: http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/case-def.html
¨ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Clinical
Features. Available Online: http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/clinical-features.html
¨ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Prevention and Treatment. Available Online:
http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/MERS/about/prevention.html
¨ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Symptoms and Complications. Available Online:
http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/MERS/about/symptoms.html
¨ Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric RS, Brown CS, Drosten C, Enjuanes L, Fouchier RAM, Galiano M,
Gorbalenya AE, Memish ZA, Perlman S, Poon LLM, Snijder EJ, Stephens GM, Woo PCY, Zaki
AM, Zambon M, Ziebuhr J. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV):
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01244-13. Available online: http://jvi.asm.org/content/87/14/7790.full
Berikutnya…
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H, Lemaire X, Paty MC, Haeghebaert S, Antoine D, Ettahar N,
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¨ Morens DM, Fauci AS. Emerging Infectious Diseases: Threats to Human Health and Global
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Anderson SR, Rooney C, Crawley-Boevey E, Irwin DJ, Aarons E, Tong C, Newsholme W, Price N,
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MERS_CoV_Update_09_May_2014.pdf?ua=1
49. Terima kasih atas perhatiannya!
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