In light of the rise in MERS CoV cases in the Middle East the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel coronavirus that was first detected in 2012. It causes severe respiratory illness, with a mortality rate of 35-50%.
- The virus likely originated in bats and may be transmitted via an animal or environmental reservoir. Person-to-person transmission has occurred, especially in healthcare settings.
- At risk groups include older adults and those with underlying medical conditions. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. Diagnosis is made via PCR testing of respiratory samples. There is no vaccine and treatment is supportive.
This document summarizes updated guidelines from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia regarding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what coronaviruses are, symptoms of MERS-CoV, case definitions, diagnostic testing, infection control protocols, and management of confirmed cases. Key points include that MERS-CoV causes severe acute respiratory illness, transmission is still under investigation but likely includes direct/indirect contact or droplets, and management involves isolation precautions, monitoring of contacts, and supportive care for patients.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) adalah salah satu penyakit new emergence dengan potensi pandemi. Globalisasi menjadi salah satu bahasan menarik yang melingkupi penelitian dan pengetahuan tentang MERS dan dampaknya bagi populasi manusia. Presentasi ini dibawakan di depan mahasiswa Akademi Keperawatan Panti Rapih, Sabtu, 7 Juni 2014, sebagai pengantar kegiatan praktek klinik.
The document provides guidelines for dealing with cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what MERS-CoV infections may look like clinically, including symptoms like fever, cough and shortness of breath. It provides criteria for who should be tested for MERS-CoV, such as those with severe acute respiratory illness who have traveled to the Middle East. It also outlines appropriate infection control measures, like droplet and contact precautions, to prevent transmission in healthcare settings. Currently there is no antiviral treatment available for MERS-CoV.
This document provides information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It discusses that coronaviruses can be transmitted from animals to humans and between humans. The 2019-nCoV was identified as the cause of the outbreak with many early cases linked to a seafood market, but human-to-human transmission has since been observed. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures for 2019-nCoV infection.
MERS is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It has since spread to other countries on the Arabian Peninsula and cases have been reported elsewhere through international travel. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and management of symptoms. Precautions include hand washing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and thorough cleaning of surfaces.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: MERS- CoVGaurav Kamboj
This document provides an overview of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) including: the causative coronavirus; epidemiology and current status of MERS cases globally and in South Korea; the dromedary camel as the suspected animal reservoir; modes of transmission between camels and humans and between humans; clinical presentation and course of illness; laboratory diagnosis; treatment and prevention recommendations; and traveler guidelines. MERS is a viral respiratory illness first reported in 2012 with a case fatality rate of 36% that has caused several outbreaks, primarily in the Middle East.
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a novel coronavirus that was first detected in 2012. It causes severe respiratory illness, with a mortality rate of 35-50%.
- The virus likely originated in bats and may be transmitted via an animal or environmental reservoir. Person-to-person transmission has occurred, especially in healthcare settings.
- At risk groups include older adults and those with underlying medical conditions. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath. Diagnosis is made via PCR testing of respiratory samples. There is no vaccine and treatment is supportive.
This document summarizes updated guidelines from the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia regarding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what coronaviruses are, symptoms of MERS-CoV, case definitions, diagnostic testing, infection control protocols, and management of confirmed cases. Key points include that MERS-CoV causes severe acute respiratory illness, transmission is still under investigation but likely includes direct/indirect contact or droplets, and management involves isolation precautions, monitoring of contacts, and supportive care for patients.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) adalah salah satu penyakit new emergence dengan potensi pandemi. Globalisasi menjadi salah satu bahasan menarik yang melingkupi penelitian dan pengetahuan tentang MERS dan dampaknya bagi populasi manusia. Presentasi ini dibawakan di depan mahasiswa Akademi Keperawatan Panti Rapih, Sabtu, 7 Juni 2014, sebagai pengantar kegiatan praktek klinik.
The document provides guidelines for dealing with cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses what MERS-CoV infections may look like clinically, including symptoms like fever, cough and shortness of breath. It provides criteria for who should be tested for MERS-CoV, such as those with severe acute respiratory illness who have traveled to the Middle East. It also outlines appropriate infection control measures, like droplet and contact precautions, to prevent transmission in healthcare settings. Currently there is no antiviral treatment available for MERS-CoV.
This document provides information about the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It discusses that coronaviruses can be transmitted from animals to humans and between humans. The 2019-nCoV was identified as the cause of the outbreak with many early cases linked to a seafood market, but human-to-human transmission has since been observed. It describes the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures for 2019-nCoV infection.
MERS is a respiratory disease caused by a coronavirus first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It has since spread to other countries on the Arabian Peninsula and cases have been reported elsewhere through international travel. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While there is no vaccine, treatment focuses on supportive care and management of symptoms. Precautions include hand washing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and thorough cleaning of surfaces.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: MERS- CoVGaurav Kamboj
This document provides an overview of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) including: the causative coronavirus; epidemiology and current status of MERS cases globally and in South Korea; the dromedary camel as the suspected animal reservoir; modes of transmission between camels and humans and between humans; clinical presentation and course of illness; laboratory diagnosis; treatment and prevention recommendations; and traveler guidelines. MERS is a viral respiratory illness first reported in 2012 with a case fatality rate of 36% that has caused several outbreaks, primarily in the Middle East.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - May 2014Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak from 2012-2014. It provides data on case numbers and deaths across different countries. It examines the transmission patterns and risks, describing most cases as occurring in healthcare settings through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms are typically severe respiratory illness and there is no vaccine currently available.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS belongs to a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus has been reported in several countries in the Middle East and has spread through close contact with infected individuals, with about 30% of confirmed cases resulting in death. Diagnosis involves real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory, blood, or stool samples. There is no vaccine currently available and treatment is supportive, with recommended measures including isolation precautions, monitoring of close contacts, and care of symptoms.
1) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in 2012. There has recently been a large outbreak of over 170 cases in South Korea.
2) MERS-CoV likely originated in camels and bats and is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets. It can cause pneumonia and many who have died had underlying health conditions.
3) There is no specific treatment but supportive care is provided. Prevention includes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and disinfecting surfaces. Vaccine research is ongoing.
Stuff about MERS-CoV that may not have been talked about here and isn't just ...Ian M. Mackay, Ph.D
This document discusses a novel coronavirus that was isolated from a patient in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It summarizes key details about MERS cases reported from 2012-2015, including demographics of cases and potential risk factors. It discusses evidence that dromedary camels can harbor the virus and may play a role in transmission to humans, but that human-to-human transmission is the primary driver of MERS outbreaks and clusters. Knowledge gaps are identified around the virus's geographic distribution and seasonality, population differences in severity, and the role of co-circulating respiratory viruses.
MERS virus is a virus that related to the SARS virus, this virus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus, because this virus has caused several death of humans in Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia.
Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndromeDee Evardone
This study describes a hospital outbreak of 23 cases of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) infection in Saudi Arabia between April and May 2013. The outbreak originated from multiple community introductions and spread within the hospital, primarily affecting patients undergoing dialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU). The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.2 days, and the median serial interval was 7.6 days. Phylogenetic analysis showed the viruses formed a monophyletic clade, indicating a common source. Most cases involved older males with underlying conditions like diabetes, renal disease, cardiac or lung disease.
MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It primarily infects the respiratory tract of camels and can be transmitted from camels to humans. Human-to-human transmission has occurred mainly in healthcare settings. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. There is no vaccine and management involves supportive care, though interferon and ribavirin may help critically ill patients. Travelers can reduce risk by practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with sick individuals.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. As of now, there have been 688 reported cases of MERS of which 282 resulted in death, a 40% mortality rate. Camels have been identified as a potential reservoir for the virus. The virus is transmitted from human to human through direct contact or contaminated surfaces and causes respiratory symptoms. There is currently no vaccine though several treatments are being investigated.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS Co V)Anjum Hashmi MPH
This document discusses Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first identified in 2012. It provides details on the virus, including that it is different from coronaviruses that cause common colds and SARS. The document summarizes transmission between humans and animals, symptoms, surveillance and testing procedures, protective equipment, and control measures. It notes that a vaccine candidate has been developed but more research is still needed to understand and control the virus.
The document discusses cholera, which is an acute enteric infection caused by ingesting water or food contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. Prevention involves providing access to clean water and sanitation as well as promoting good hygiene practices. Symptoms of cholera include diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Treatment focuses on oral rehydration therapy to replace fluids and electrolytes lost from diarrhea.
Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface and are named for these spikes. While most coronaviruses only infect animals, some like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic and can infect both animals and people. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide outbreak in 2002-2003 with over 8,000 cases. MERS-CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has caused illness in hundreds across several countries but remains concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or close contact with infected individuals.
Interim guide to novel coronavirus infection 2019 n covMEEQAT HOSPITAL
This document provides an interim guide on the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It discusses coronaviruses in general and the epidemiology, transmission, incubation period, clinical features, treatment, and case definitions for 2019-nCoV. Guidelines are provided on infection prevention and control, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, management, reporting, and travel recommendations. The document aims to guide healthcare professionals in understanding and responding to the emerging 2019-nCoV outbreak.
- Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens that cause respiratory infections. The novel coronavirus (nCoV) was first identified in 2012 in patients from Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
- As of May 15, 2013, 40 laboratory-confirmed cases of nCoV infection have been reported to WHO, including 20 deaths. Limited human-to-human transmission is suspected based on clusters in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.
- Clinical features of nCoV infection include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia. Diagnosis requires real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory samples. There is no specific treatment, and management involves supportive care.
This document provides an overview of coronaviruses including their viral composition, epidemiology, transmission routes, clinical manifestations, and impact on respiratory and enteric systems. Key points include that coronaviruses are common causes of respiratory illness, especially in winter, and have also been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms in some cases. While they account for a percentage of respiratory infections, evidence also links coronaviruses to conditions like croup, asthma attacks, pneumonia, and some cases of diarrhea.
Coronavirus presentation by Leyla RashidliAzer Rashidov
Today,I've done a presentation for students about most important health issue in our community,that is called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus(MERS-CoV).
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. A novel coronavirus was identified in China in late 2019 and has since caused a global pandemic. The virus spreads via respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can cause fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Diagnosis involves respiratory specimen testing. While there is no specific treatment, management focuses on supportive care, isolation, hand hygiene and other preventive measures.
The document provides information about COVID-19 and the NSW Health response. It defines SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and details the timeline of the outbreak worldwide and in Australia. It describes NSW Health's response, which includes establishing clinical councils, providing advice to healthcare workers, developing diagnostic tests, managing cases through infection control and public health measures, and regular public updates. It provides guidance on case definitions, testing criteria, and infection prevention and control strategies to prevent transmission, including the use of personal protective equipment and isolation for suspected or confirmed cases.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - May 2014Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak from 2012-2014. It provides data on case numbers and deaths across different countries. It examines the transmission patterns and risks, describing most cases as occurring in healthcare settings through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms are typically severe respiratory illness and there is no vaccine currently available.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS belongs to a family of viruses that cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus has been reported in several countries in the Middle East and has spread through close contact with infected individuals, with about 30% of confirmed cases resulting in death. Diagnosis involves real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory, blood, or stool samples. There is no vaccine currently available and treatment is supportive, with recommended measures including isolation precautions, monitoring of close contacts, and care of symptoms.
1) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by a coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was first reported in 2012. There has recently been a large outbreak of over 170 cases in South Korea.
2) MERS-CoV likely originated in camels and bats and is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets. It can cause pneumonia and many who have died had underlying health conditions.
3) There is no specific treatment but supportive care is provided. Prevention includes handwashing, avoiding contact with infected individuals, and disinfecting surfaces. Vaccine research is ongoing.
Stuff about MERS-CoV that may not have been talked about here and isn't just ...Ian M. Mackay, Ph.D
This document discusses a novel coronavirus that was isolated from a patient in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It summarizes key details about MERS cases reported from 2012-2015, including demographics of cases and potential risk factors. It discusses evidence that dromedary camels can harbor the virus and may play a role in transmission to humans, but that human-to-human transmission is the primary driver of MERS outbreaks and clusters. Knowledge gaps are identified around the virus's geographic distribution and seasonality, population differences in severity, and the role of co-circulating respiratory viruses.
MERS virus is a virus that related to the SARS virus, this virus known as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus, because this virus has caused several death of humans in Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia.
Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndromeDee Evardone
This study describes a hospital outbreak of 23 cases of MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus) infection in Saudi Arabia between April and May 2013. The outbreak originated from multiple community introductions and spread within the hospital, primarily affecting patients undergoing dialysis and those in the intensive care unit (ICU). The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.2 days, and the median serial interval was 7.6 days. Phylogenetic analysis showed the viruses formed a monophyletic clade, indicating a common source. Most cases involved older males with underlying conditions like diabetes, renal disease, cardiac or lung disease.
MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It primarily infects the respiratory tract of camels and can be transmitted from camels to humans. Human-to-human transmission has occurred mainly in healthcare settings. Symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. There is no vaccine and management involves supportive care, though interferon and ribavirin may help critically ill patients. Travelers can reduce risk by practicing good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with sick individuals.
Middle East respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Ashraf ElAdawy
This document provides information on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), including:
- MERS-CoV is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and causes severe respiratory illness. About half of confirmed cases have been fatal.
- The virus is thought to originate from bats and possibly be transmitted by camels, though the animal reservoir is still unknown. Limited human-to-human transmission can occur in healthcare settings and among family contacts.
- Recommendations are provided for testing, treatment, prevention, and healthcare worker protocols for suspected MERS-CoV cases. Ongoing surveillance is needed as the virus poses a risk of spread outside the Middle East.
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a respiratory disease caused by the MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) which was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. As of now, there have been 688 reported cases of MERS of which 282 resulted in death, a 40% mortality rate. Camels have been identified as a potential reservoir for the virus. The virus is transmitted from human to human through direct contact or contaminated surfaces and causes respiratory symptoms. There is currently no vaccine though several treatments are being investigated.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS Co V)Anjum Hashmi MPH
This document discusses Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first identified in 2012. It provides details on the virus, including that it is different from coronaviruses that cause common colds and SARS. The document summarizes transmission between humans and animals, symptoms, surveillance and testing procedures, protective equipment, and control measures. It notes that a vaccine candidate has been developed but more research is still needed to understand and control the virus.
The document discusses cholera, which is an acute enteric infection caused by ingesting water or food contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It can lead to severe dehydration and death if left untreated. Prevention involves providing access to clean water and sanitation as well as promoting good hygiene practices. Symptoms of cholera include diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Treatment focuses on oral rehydration therapy to replace fluids and electrolytes lost from diarrhea.
Coronaviruses are common viruses that usually cause mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses. They derive their name from crown-like spikes on their surface and are named for these spikes. While most coronaviruses only infect animals, some like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic and can infect both animals and people. SARS-CoV caused a worldwide outbreak in 2002-2003 with over 8,000 cases. MERS-CoV was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and has caused illness in hundreds across several countries but remains concentrated in the Arabian Peninsula. Coronaviruses are transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing or close contact with infected individuals.
Interim guide to novel coronavirus infection 2019 n covMEEQAT HOSPITAL
This document provides an interim guide on the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019. It discusses coronaviruses in general and the epidemiology, transmission, incubation period, clinical features, treatment, and case definitions for 2019-nCoV. Guidelines are provided on infection prevention and control, surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, management, reporting, and travel recommendations. The document aims to guide healthcare professionals in understanding and responding to the emerging 2019-nCoV outbreak.
- Coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens that cause respiratory infections. The novel coronavirus (nCoV) was first identified in 2012 in patients from Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
- As of May 15, 2013, 40 laboratory-confirmed cases of nCoV infection have been reported to WHO, including 20 deaths. Limited human-to-human transmission is suspected based on clusters in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.
- Clinical features of nCoV infection include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia. Diagnosis requires real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing of respiratory samples. There is no specific treatment, and management involves supportive care.
This document provides an overview of coronaviruses including their viral composition, epidemiology, transmission routes, clinical manifestations, and impact on respiratory and enteric systems. Key points include that coronaviruses are common causes of respiratory illness, especially in winter, and have also been linked to gastrointestinal symptoms in some cases. While they account for a percentage of respiratory infections, evidence also links coronaviruses to conditions like croup, asthma attacks, pneumonia, and some cases of diarrhea.
Coronavirus presentation by Leyla RashidliAzer Rashidov
Today,I've done a presentation for students about most important health issue in our community,that is called Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus(MERS-CoV).
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that can cause respiratory illness in humans and animals. A novel coronavirus was identified in China in late 2019 and has since caused a global pandemic. The virus spreads via respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can cause fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Diagnosis involves respiratory specimen testing. While there is no specific treatment, management focuses on supportive care, isolation, hand hygiene and other preventive measures.
The document provides information about COVID-19 and the NSW Health response. It defines SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and details the timeline of the outbreak worldwide and in Australia. It describes NSW Health's response, which includes establishing clinical councils, providing advice to healthcare workers, developing diagnostic tests, managing cases through infection control and public health measures, and regular public updates. It provides guidance on case definitions, testing criteria, and infection prevention and control strategies to prevent transmission, including the use of personal protective equipment and isolation for suspected or confirmed cases.
The document discusses three diseases: cholera, SARS, and Ebola. It provides details on the causative agents, symptoms, transmission, treatment and prevention of each disease. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria and causes watery diarrhea. SARS is caused by a coronavirus and symptoms include fever and breathing difficulties. Ebola virus disease is severe and often fatal, caused by one of five Ebola virus strains, and spreads through contact with infected body fluids.
ABCs in EIDs: Preparing for Emerging Infectious DiseasesArthur Dessi Roman
With the imminent threat of emerging infectious diseases in our midst, Dr. Arthur Dessi Roman provides a step by step guide on how institutions can prepare for these EIDs.
This document provides an overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) including the current outbreak in Uganda, clinical diagnosis and management, contact tracing, and UN resources. It discusses that EVD is caused by several species of Ebolavirus including Zaire and Sudan strains. The current outbreak in Uganda is caused by the Sudan strain for which there is no approved vaccine. Clinical signs include fever, fatigue and bleeding. Diagnosis involves assessing exposure risk factors and testing blood via PCR. Management focuses on supportive care like fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, and treating symptoms and potential bacterial infections. Contact tracing and monitoring is also important to control outbreaks.
- MERS-CoV has infected over 1611 people since 2012, resulting in over 575 deaths. It is thought to emerge from dromedary camels and spread to humans through direct or indirect contact, though the exact mechanisms are unknown.
- Limited human-to-human transmission can occur, particularly in healthcare settings, leading to nosocomial outbreaks. However, sustained human-to-human transmission has not been observed.
- Many questions remain about the extent of human infection, how transmission between camels and humans occurs, and how to prevent ongoing nosocomial outbreaks through improved infection control. Further coordinated research is needed across animal and human health sectors.
This document provides an overview of nursing management of communicable diseases in emergency situations. It discusses the major causes of morbidity and mortality in emergencies like diarrheal diseases, respiratory infections, measles, and malaria. It outlines the fundamental principles of communicable disease control, including rapid assessment, prevention, surveillance, outbreak control, and disease management. It also summarizes the prevention and control of specific communicable diseases like respiratory infections, tuberculosis, measles, cholera, and diarrhea.
This document provides updates and guidance on MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) cases. It summarizes that MERS is caused by a novel coronavirus first identified in 2012. As of June 2013, there have been over 50 confirmed cases across several countries, with over 30 related deaths. The original source and full transmission mechanisms are still unknown but appear to involve animal to human and limited human to human transmission. It provides case definitions and guidance for healthcare providers on infection control, testing, treatment and notifying health departments of suspected cases.
This document discusses self hygiene in epidemic areas. It begins with definitions of key terms like self hygiene, personal hygiene, self care, and epidemic. It then describes major factors that allow viruses to cause epidemics, like human behavior, changes in insect/reservoir populations, weather, technology, and changes in viruses. It discusses challenges of new epidemics and outlines personal hygiene practices, properties of self care, and actual simple self care that can be done in epidemic areas. It concludes with potential nursing diagnoses, interventions, and care related to hygiene.
This document provides information about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 3 sentences or less:
It discusses what COVID-19 is, how it is transmitted, its clinical symptoms such as fever and cough, how it is diagnosed through tests, preventive measures like hand washing, nursing management of patients, and tips for healthcare workers including using proper protective equipment. The document also covers the virus's pathophysiology, causes, global statistics and incidence rates, medical and nursing management approaches, and guidelines for healthcare workers and the documentation of COVID-19 patients.
The document provides an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic including:
- Coronaviruses and COVID-19 virus virology
- Modes of transmission are through respiratory droplets and contacting contaminated surfaces
- Clinical features are fever, cough and fatigue with risk of severe disease higher in older people and those with underlying conditions
- Diagnosis is through viral testing like PCR from respiratory samples and antibody tests
- Treatment focuses on supportive care while vaccines are still in development
This document discusses epidemic prone diseases in Nigeria. It defines key terms like outbreak, epidemic, and surveillance. It then lists 40 priority diseases for public health surveillance in Nigeria, including cholera, measles, meningitis, viral hemorrhagic fevers like Lassa fever, yellow fever, and more. Case definitions are provided for Lassa fever. It also discusses Nigeria's integrated disease surveillance and response system and its aims, as well as international regulations for reporting diseases that could spread globally.
Coronavirus is the largest known RNA virus responsible for a range of respiratory illnesses in man. 7 Known coronaviruses have been identified with 4 causing mild infections and 3 severe diseases. The severe diseases are SARS, MERS and COVID-19
There is presently an ongoing epidemic of the disease in China which has gradually spread across the continent.
HIV originated from chimpanzees in West Africa and was transmitted to humans. The earliest known case of HIV in a human was detected in 1959 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Antiretroviral therapy uses HIV medicines to treat infection and suppress viral load, preventing transmission. Factors like viral load, condom use, and adherence to medication determine likelihood of HIV transmission. Common signs of HIV infection include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and skin rashes.
This document provides information about 2019-nCoV (now known as SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. It discusses the virus's origin in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It describes the virus's structure and transmission methods. It also outlines the signs and symptoms of COVID-19, recommendations for prevention and treatment, and the current situation regarding confirmed cases in Bangladesh.
This document provides information about Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It discusses that MERS-CoV was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and is caused by a novel coronavirus. Common symptoms include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. While most cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia, some patients were infected after travel to the Middle East. The virus likely jumps between animals like bats and camels to humans. Recommendations are provided to prevent spread, including handwashing, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and seeking medical care for fever or respiratory symptoms within 14 days of travel to the Middle East.
Dr chongck mers cov media briefing (pkp's slide) 5 july 2013Syafiq Ali
The document summarizes information about the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a media briefing held by the Disease Control Division of the Ministry of Health Malaysia on July 5, 2013. It provides an overview of MERS-CoV, including that it is a new strain of coronavirus that has infected 77 people across 8 countries as of June 2013, with a 40% mortality rate. The briefing also outlines Malaysia's preparedness activities to manage and screen for MERS-CoV, such as disseminating information to the public and healthcare community, managing Malaysian hajj/umrah pilgrims, and conducting clinical and laboratory surveillance.
An introduction to the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak for educational use, with additional sources for health professionals in need of up-to-date information.
Updated on 7th December, 2014, with additional infographics and WHO data.
Infographics may be requested for professional use on a creative commons/source attribution basis (micrognome.priobe.net). An interactive version will be available for educational use via the Nearpod share site.
This is a report on the Hawaii WIldfires, as of 15 August 2023. The Virtual Medical Operations Briefs were initially created by faculty members and graduate students from the Yale University School of Public Health as a service-learning opportunity. Conceived during the Haiti Earthquake of 2010, it fuses the numerous status reports, maps, news, and web content into one document that can be easily read, widely distributed, and be interactive. These Special Reports are developed by graduate students from the Yale and are supervised by faculty. The reports are widely distributed and used throughout the federal interagency, international response community, and other state and private sector constituents. The reports are generated when a complex emergency, disaster or outbreak occurs which has significant health and medical implication.
A powerful earthquake struck southern Turkey and northern Syria, causing widespread damage and tens of thousands of casualties. The 7.8 magnitude quake was one of the strongest in over a century for the region. Infrastructure was heavily damaged, over 20,000 deaths were reported, and nearly 90,000 people were injured across both countries. The disaster overwhelmed local response capabilities. Humanitarian needs included emergency shelter, food, water and medical assistance.
This report specifically looks at the impact COVID-19 has had on nursing homes and the nursing home industry. Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
Contributors are students, faculty, and alumni located in a variety of geographic locations from Yale, Tulane, and Sacred Heart Universities. It provides information gathered from situation reports, government and non-governmental organization, media reporting, and a variety of information sources, verifies and synchronizes the information and provide real-time information products to federal, state, local, nongovernmental and international response organizations.
At the end of December 2019, Chinese authorities reported an outbreak of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). On January 30, 2020 the WHO declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and on March 11 a pandemic. There are now over 2.9 million confirmed cases globally with over 200,000 deaths across 213 countries/areas. The US has the most cases while Europe is currently the epidemic center. Risk is considered moderate for the general population but very high for elderly and healthcare systems.
In light of the blizzard that is about to impact the northeastern part of the US, the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
In light of the first imported case Ebola to the United States the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Network has produced this special report which focuses on operations and preparedness here at home..
The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
This document provides an overview of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa as of early October 2014. It summarizes the situation in each affected country, including Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. It reports case and death counts by country according to the WHO. It also describes challenges faced in responding to the outbreak such as community resistance, lack of healthcare resources, and the economic impacts. International organizations are providing support to response efforts.
In light of the rise in #Ebola Epidemic in West Africa Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. Past alumni, graduate students from Tulane and Yale, and members of Team Rubicon have assisted in putting this report together.
The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.For those of you who are deploying and would like us to focus in on a specific topic or issue let us know and we’ll do our best go get the materials or information you need. If any of you would like to volunteer to help put the brief together let me know and we’ll add you to our team.
In light of the rise in Ebola Epidemic in West Africa Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report.. Past alumni, graduate students from Tulane and Yale, and members of Team Rubicon have assisted in putting this report together.
The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested..
In light of the of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report.
Since most of our student are not back yet from summer break I reached out to past alumni and members of Team Rubicon to assist in putting this report together.
The report was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Any students, past alumni, or volunteers who would like to work on future slides let me know. Assistance is always welcome.
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The document provides an overview of severe weather events in multiple states in late April 2014, including tornadoes and flooding. As of April 29th, there were 200 injured and 35 deaths reported across affected areas. Oklahoma, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and other states experienced tornadoes and thunderstorms between April 27-30. The document outlines ongoing response efforts and contact information for various state emergency management agencies.
- A severe weather outbreak is forecast for parts of the lower Mississippi Valley and Tennessee Valley through tonight, with numerous tornadoes expected, some of which could be intense. Large hail and damaging winds are also likely.
- As of 1800 EDT on April 28th, there have been 130 injuries and 15 deaths reported across multiple states from the tornadoes and severe weather. State and federal agencies are responding.
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This document provides an overview of the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa as of April 18, 2014. It summarizes the situation in Guinea and Liberia, where confirmed Ebola cases have been reported. In Guinea, there have been a total of 197 clinical cases and 122 deaths reported. In Liberia, there have been 27 clinical cases and 13 deaths reported. The response has included contact tracing, case isolation and management, training for health workers, and social mobilization efforts. Challenges include limited health resources, infection control issues, and the need to improve community awareness as the outbreak continues.
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In light of Typhoon Haiyan and its impact on Philippines, the Yale-Tulane ESF-8 Planning and Response Program has produced this special report. The group that produced this summary and analysis of the current situation are graduate students from Yale and Tulane Universities.
It was compiled entirely from open source materials. Please feel free to forward the report to anyone who might be interested.
Finally, for those of you who are deployed and responding to the crisis - if you need us to research a specific item/area for you let us know and we will do our best.
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Yale-Tulane Special Report - MERS-CoV 26 APRIL 2014
1. BACKGROUND
SITUATION
26 APRIL 2014
RISK ASSESSMENTS
INFECTION CONTROL
MIDDLE EAST
SAUDI ARABIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
FACEBOOK | TWITTER
NOVEL CORONAVIRUS
JORDAN
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
QATAR
SUPREME COUNCIL OF
HEALTH
UAE
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
EGYPT
MINSTRY OF HEALTH
EUROPE
FRANCE
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
GREECE
HELLENIC CENTRE FOR
DISEASECONTROL AND
PREVENTION
GERMANY
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
ENGLAND
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
ITALY
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
NORTH AFRICA
TUNISIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
ASIA
MALAYSIA
MINISTRY OF HEALTH
PHILIPIINES
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
YALE- TULANE ESF-8 SPECIAL REPORT
MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME (MERS-CoV)
DEAD
345 107
LABORATORY
CONFIRMED CASES*
WHAT IS MERS-CoV?
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
WHO
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION – EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
DISEASEOUTBREAK NEWS
GLOBAL ALERT RESPONSE – CORONAVIRUS INFECTIONS
WHO – MERS-COV
US GOVERNMENT
CDC – MERS
US EMBASSY SAUDI ARABIA
EUROPEANUNION
ECDC _MERS
CANADA
PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY OF CANADA The World Health Organization (WHO) is
concerned about the rising number of
cases of Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in
recent weeks, especially in the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) and in particular that two
significant outbreaks occurred in health
facilities.
HEALTHCARE WORKER
INFECTED
72
*Numbers reported by the European Centre for
Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) as of 23 APR 14
Graphic: Mallory Brangan
NEW SOURCES
ALERTNET
CNN
Washington Post
Wall Street Journal
ARAB NEWS
PORTALS, BLOGS, AND RESOURCES
CIDRAP
HEALTH MAP
PROMED MAIL
VIROLOGY DOWN UNDER BLOG
FLUTRACKERS
2. BACKGROUND
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is viral respiratory illness first
reported in Saudi Arabia in 2012. It is caused by a coronavirus called MERS-CoV.
Most people who have been confirmed to have MERS-CoV infection developed
severe acute respiratory illness. They had fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
Since MERS was discovered in 2012, there has been a steady stream of cases
with the majority coming out of Saudi Arabia. In March 2014 the World Health
Organization (WHO) had reported that there had been 199 cases worldwide,
including 84 deaths and all of the cases had been linked to the Middle East.
In April 2014 the numbers out of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) had soared (47% in past month). Most of the new cases coming
from two healthcare‐associated outbreaks, one in a hospital in Jeddah, KSA and
the second among paramedics in UAE.
The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control now says the total
is 345 cases, including 107 deaths. (AS OF 23 APR 14)
The cause of the rapid increase in cases is unknown. Possible scenarios that
might explain this are
• More sensitive case detection through more active case finding and contact
tracing or changes in testing algorithms,
• Increased zoonotic transmission with subsequent transmission in healthcare
settings
• Breakdown in infection control measures or otherwise increased transmission
in the local healthcare setting,
• Change in the virus resulting in more effective human-to-human
transmission, resulting in both nosocomial clusters, and increased numbers of
asymptomatic community acquired cases, or
False positive lab results.
On Monday, 21 April 2014, the Saudi Arabia's Minister of Health was replaced.
His replacement, the Acting Minister of Health Adel bin Mohammed
Fakeih, promised ”transparency and to promptly provide the media and society
with the information needed. “He has appointed Dr. Tarek Madani as a medical
advisor for the Ministry of Health (MOH).
Stars highlight difference in scale at left-hand side, (x-axis) numbers. Seasons
based on info. Source: Ian Mackay, an epidemiologist at the Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre at the University of Queensland
On 24 April 2014, WHO encourages all Member States to continue their
surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and to carefully review
any unusual patterns
4. • Common symptoms are acute, serious respiratory illness with fever,
cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
• Most patients have had pneumonia. Many have also had gastrointestinal
symptoms, including diarrhoea.
• Some patients have had kidney failure.
• About half of people infected with MERS-CoV have died.
• In people with immune deficiencies, the disease may have an atypical
presentation.
WHAT IS MERS CoV?
HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
WHAT IS MERS-CoV?
• According to the limited available information it is likely to be
transmitted in a similar way to the other viruses from the corona virus
family. There are several theories including:
Possible transmission through animal sources
Direct spread through droplets from patients during cough or
sneezing.
Indirect spread through contaminated surfaces and
instruments and then touching the mouth, nose or eyes.
Direct close contact with affected individuals.
• MERS-CoV is a beta coronavirus.
• It was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV used to be
called “novel coronavirus,” or “nCoV”.
• It is different from other coronaviruses that have been found in
people before.
WHERE ARE MERS-CoV INFECTIONS OCCURRING?
• Twelve countries have now reported cases of human infection with
MERS-CoV.
• Cases have been reported in France, Germany, Greece, Italy Jordan,
Malaysia , the Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, the United
Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.
• All cases have had some connection (whether direct or indirect) with
the Middle East.
• In France, Italy, Tunisia and the United Kingdom, limited local
transmission has occurred in people who had not been to the Middle
East but who had been in close contact with laboratory-confirmed or
probable cases.
SOURCE: CDC WHO
Distribution of confirmed cases of MERS-CoV by gender and age group, March
2012–23 April 2014 ECDC
5. DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
WHAT IS MERS-CoV?
Laboratory tests can be done to confirm whether the illness may be caused by
human coronaviruses. However, these tests are not used very often because
people usually have mild illness. Also, testing may be limited to a few
specialized laboratories.
Specific laboratory tests may include:
• Virus isolation in cell culture,
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays that are more practical
and available commercially, and
• Serological testing for antibodies to human coronaviruses.
Nose and throat swabs are the best specimens for detecting common human
coronaviruses. Serological testing requires collection of blood specimens.
• No vaccine is currently available.
• Treatment is largely supportive and should be based on the patient’s
clinical condition.
SOURCE: CDC WHO ECDC
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTION
• Wash your hands often with soap and water for 20 seconds, and help
young children do the same. If soap and water are not available, use
an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze
then throw the tissue in the trash.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
• Avoid close contact, such as kissing, sharing cups, or sharing eating
utensils, with sick people.
• Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as toys and
doorknobs.
VISITORS TO THE ARABIAN PENINSULA
Follow general travel health precautions that lower the risk of infection in
general, including illnesses such as influenza and traveller’s diarrhoea. This
includes:
• Wash hands often with soap and water. When hands are not visibly dirty, a
hand rub can be used.
• Adhere to good food-safety practices, such as avoiding undercooked meat
and unpasteurized milk (especially from camels) or food prepared under
unsanitary conditions, and properly washing fruits and vegetables before
eating them.
• Maintain good personal hygiene.
• Avoid unnecessary contact with farm, domestic, and wild animals,
especially camels.
• Use appropriate precautions when in close contact with case-persons
presenting with acute respiratory illness, diarrhoea or other potentially
infectious diseases.
• Consult their physician if suffering major medical conditions (e.g. chronic
diseases such as diabetes, chronic lung or renal disease,
immunodeficiency) that can increase the likelihood of illness including
MERS-CoV infection, or contact with healthcare facilities during travel.
6. CURRENT SITUATION
During April 2014 there has been an unprecedented increase in cases and
community transmission as well as transmission in hospital settings.
SAUDI ARABIA
• On 26 April the new action Health Minister, Adel Fakeih, announced the
country was reserving three medical centers to treat MERS. The main
referral center will be King Abdullah Medical Center In Jeddah. Prince
Mohammed bin Abdul Aziz in Riyadh, and Dammam Medical Center in the
eastern region. The plan is to equip these facilities with 146 ICU beds, and
the latest medical and laboratory equipment necessary.
• On Friday, 25 April 2014, Saudi Arabia discovered 14 more cases of the
potentially deadly Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in the
kingdom. According to the Ministry of Health 94 people have died and
323 have contracted the virus in Saudi since September 2012.
• Approximately 75% of the recently reported cases are secondary cases,
meaning that they are considered to have acquired the infection from
another case through human-to-human transmission. There have not been
any tertiary cases.
• To date, more than half of all laboratory-confirmed secondary cases have
been associated with health care settings. These include health care
workers treating MERS-CoV patients, other patients receiving treatment for
conditions unrelated to MERS-CoV, and people visiting MERS-CoV patients.
• The specific types of exposure resulting in transmission in the health care
setting are currently unknown. (For additional information on infection
prevention and control measures, please refer to the infection control page
of this brief)
• Contact investigations in the Middle East around confirmed cases have
identified a number of asymptomatic and mild cases, younger cases, and an
increasing proportion of female cases.
DISTRIBUTION OF CONFIRMED CASES OF MERS-CoV REPORTED
BETWEEN 1 - 23 APRIL 2014 BY DAY AND PLACE OF REPORTING (N=151)
SOURC: ECDC
SOURCE: CDC WHO ECDC PHAC
• The mild and asymptomatic cases indicate a broader spectrum of disease
and raise concerns about the possibility of large numbers of milder cases
going undetected.
• Public concern over the spread of MERS mounted last week after the
resignation of at least four doctors at Jeddah’s King Fahd Hospital who
refused to treat patients for fear of infection.
• Several recent cases of people becoming infected in either Saudi Arabia
or United Arab Emirates and travelling to a third country have also been
reported. Greece, Jordan, Malaysia, and Philippines each reported one
such case. So far no further spread of the virus in those countries has
been detected. Imported cases already occurred in the past that resulted
in limited further human-to-human transmission in France and United
Kingdom.
7. CURRENT SITUATION
VIROLOGY DOWN UNDER BLOG
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
On 11 APRIL the United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced a cluster of
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases in six
Filipino paramedics, killing one of them (16 APR).
The paramedics worked for the same ambulance section in the city of Al
Ain, according to UAE’s interior ministry. It said the infections were
detected during periodic medical exams.
Subsequently there has been a total of 23 patients associated with this
cluster (17 APR)(23 APR)(APR 26) .
JORDAN
Jordan's health ministry notified the WHO of its latest case on 9 APR
which involves a 52-year-old man with underlying medical conditions who
visited Saudi Arabia between Mar 20 and Mar 29. He got sick on Mar 25
and visited a hospital in Jeddah, then returned to Jordan on Mar 29, where
he visited a hospital in Amman the same day and returned on Apr 2. He is
listed in stable condition. The patient is Jordan's fifth MERS case-patient
(11 APR).
GREECE
On 18 April 2014, the Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
(KEELPNO)announced a laboratory confirmed case of MERS-CoV infection
in a 69 year old male patient. The individual is a Greek citizen,
permanently residing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, who arrived in Athens on 17
April on a flight via Amman, Jordan. Close contact tracing is ongoing; there
are no suspected or confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection associated
with this individual to date.
8. REPORTING COUNTRY CASES DEATHS
Saudi Arabia 272 81
United Arab Emirates 42 9
Qatar 7 4
Jordan 4 3
Oman 2 2
Kuwait 3 1
United Kingdom 4 3
Germany 2 1
France 2 1
Italy 1 0
Tunisia 3 1
Malaysia 1 1
Philippines 1 0
Greece 1 0
TOTALS 335 107
CURRENT SITUATION
MALAYSIA
The patient is a 54 year-old man with underlying health conditions. He
travelled to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with a pilgrimage group of 18 people from
15 to 28 March 2014 and became ill on 4 April. He sought treatment in a
private clinic in Johor, Malaysia on 7 April and went to a hospital on 9 April.
The patient died on 13 April. The patient visited a camel farm on 26 March,
during which he consumed camel milk.
PHILIPINES
A male nurse was tested MERS, by authorities in the United Arab Emirates
after he came into close contact with a Filipino paramedic who died of the
virus. The results of his test were only released after he had departed for
Manila on an aircraft. Philippine health officials immediately quarantined the
nurse as well as several family members who came into close contact with
him following his arrival. A second test on the nurse came back negative.
EGYPT
A 27-year-old civil engineer was diagnosed Saturday, 26 April 14 after
returning from Saudi Arabia, where the Middle East respiratory syndrome, or
MERS, has been centered. The man was quarantined upon his arrival at Cairo
airport Friday and transported to a nearby hospital. This would be Egypt first
case.
SOUCE : ECDC AS OF 23 APRIL 2014
Eng. Faqih during his visit to King Fahad Hospital in Jeddah SOURCE: MOH
9. RISK OF INTERNATIONAL SPREAD
• Countries should be on the lookout for cases of MERS in
people returning from Middle Eastern countries affected by
the virus.
• It is very likely that cases will continue to be exported to other
countries, through tourists, travelers, guest workers or
pilgrims, who might have acquired the infection following an
exposure to the animal or environmental source, or to other
cases, in a hospital for instance.
RISK ASSESSMENT
ECDC RISK ASSESSMENT
GENERAL INFORMATION
A marked and sudden increase in the number of Middle East
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases have been
reported in April 2014. The majority of cases continue to be in Saudi
Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula but earlier this month a confirmed
case in Greece brought the total number of EU affected countries to
five (France, Germany, Italy and the UK the other four). Given the
current epidemiology, it is likely that more cases will be imported to
the EU.
RISK OF FURTHER CASES
• It is very likely that more primary cases will occur, and
consequently further transmission will occur.
• Diagnosing cases rapidly may be a challenge because some
have mild or atypical symptoms.
• Given the potential to initially miss MERS cases, health-care
workers should apply infection control precautions consistently
with all patients, all the time, regardless of their diagnosis.
Distribution of confirmed cases of MERS-CoV by month of onset and
symptom status, March 2012–23 April 2014 (n=345*) ECDC
WHO RISK ASSESSMENT
10. INFECTION CONTROL
• Enhancing infection prevention and control awareness and measures is
critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS CoV in -health care
facilities.
• Health care facilities that provide care for patients suspected or confirmed
to be infected with MERS CoV infection should take - appropriate
measures to decrease the risk of transmission of the virus from an
infected patient to other patients, health care workers and visitors.
• It is not always possible to identify patients with MERS CoV early because
some - have mild or unusual symptoms.
• For this reason, it is important that health care workers apply standard
precautions consistently with all patients – regardless of their diagnosis
– in all work practices all the time.
• Droplet precautions should be added to the standard precautions when
providing care to all patients with symptoms of acute respiratory
infection.
• Contact precautions and eye protection should be added when caring for
probable or confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection. Airborne precautions
should be applied when performing aerosol generating procedures.
SOURCE: OUTFOX PREVENTION
FOR DETAILED INFORMATION VISIT THE FOLLOWING SITES:
• Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for
Hospitalized Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (CDC)
• 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of
Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings (CDC)
• 2013 Infection prevention and control during health care for probable
or confirmed cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection (WHO)