To all medical institutions regarding the infection control in the medical field.

1. NABISWABOAZ
INFECTIONCONTROL
NabiswaBoaz

2.  Introduction.
 Symptoms.
 Who Can be affected the most?.
 Mode transmission.
 Pathogenesis.
 Screening/ LaboratoryAnalysis.
 Prevention..
 Treatments.

3. Introduction
 Corona viruses are a large family of viruses
 Several corona viruses are known to cause Respiratory
Infections in humans ranging from the common cold to more
severe diseases such as middle east respiratory syndrome
[MERS],in 2003 and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
[SARS].
 COVID 19 is an infectious disease caused by the most
recently discoverd corona virus.
 This new virus and disease were unknown before the
outbreak began in WUHAN , CHINA in December 2019.
 On february 11,2020, WHO anounced that the disease cause
by this new corona virus was a ‘COVID-19’ which is the
acronym of ‘corona virus disease 2019’.

4.  Coronaviruses have been present in humans for at
least 500-800 years, and all originated in bats
 Due to high prevalence and wide distribution of
coronaviruses, their large genetic diversity as well
as the frequent recombination of their genomes, and
increasing activity at the human animal interface,
these viruses represent an ongoing threat to human
health.
 The virus, provisionally designated 2019-nCoV, was
isolated and the viral genome sequenced. 2019-nCoV
was characterized as a betacoronavirus, and thus
became the seventh discrete coronavirus species
capable of causing human disease.

6. Spread thorough
 Droplet infection (Cough &Sneeze).
 Surfaces (Table, desks etc.).
 Can also spread from person to
personthrough small droplets from the
nose or mouth of an infected person.

7. • INCUBATION PERIOD
 This is the time between being infected and beginning to
have symptoms of the disease.
 Most estimates of the incubation periods for COVID 19
range from 1-14 days ,most commonly around 5 days.

8.  Fever
 Tiredness
 Dry cough
 Nasal congestion
 Runny nose
 Sore throat
 Diarrhea
 Difficulty breathing

9.  Mild illness.
 pneumonia.
 severe pneumonia.
 acute respiratory syndrome
 sepsis
 septic shock.
CLINICAL SYNDROME
ASSOCIATED WITH COVID-19

12.  Immuno compromised
individuals
 Chronic Disorders :
1. Bronchial Asthma
2. Diabetes
3. Cardiovascular patients
 Old Age people, Malignancy
Who can Get affected the most?

13. Screening/ LaboratoryAnalysis
 WBC Count may vary i.e. It may be decrease (leukopenia)/
increase (leukocytosis)
 Decreased lymphopenia count
 Increased LDH level (The Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase test
measures the amount of LDH in your blood or other body fluid)
 Increase ESR (Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a test that
indirectly measures the degree of inflammation present in the body.
 Virus confirmed by Reverse Transcription Polymerase
Chain Reaction technique. [RT-PCR].

16. DIAGNOSIS
 Infection by the virus can be provisionally diagnosed on the basis of
symptoms, though confirmation is ultimately by [RTPCR] of
infected secretions.
1 viral testing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-
PCR] is done .The test can be done on respiratory or blood samples.
2. Imaging
3. radiographs and computed tomography.

17. >CARING FOR INFANTS ND MOTHERS
WITH COVID-19.
 Breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 hr. of birth.
 Exclusive breastfeeding should continue for 6
months with timely introduction of adequate ,safe
and properly fed complementary foods at age 6
months.
 As with all confirmed or suspected covid-19 cases,
symptomatic mothers who are breastfeeding or
practicing skin to skin contact should practice
respiratory hygiene ,perform hand hygiene before
and after contact with the child, and routinely clean
and disinfect surfaces with which the symptomatic

18.  Collecting of specimens for laboratory diagnosis;
blood cultures for bacteria that cause pneumonia
and sepsis should be collected before microbial
therapy .
 Specimens should be collected from both upper
respiratory tract [URT] and lower respiratory tract
[LRT] for nCOV testing via RT-PCR].
MANAGEMENT

20. Treatments
 There is no specific antiviral treatment
recomended for COVID 19.
 The treatment is symptomatic,and oxygen
therapy represents the major treatment
intervention for patiens with severe infections.
 mechanical ventilation may be necessary in cases
of respiratory failure ,refractory to oxygen
therapy.
 Hospitalization only for severe cases.

21. Supportive treatment
 Maintain airway, Breathing, Circulation.
 Ventilation if required.
 Isolation (To avoid spread).
 Correct temperature.
 Drink hot water/tea.
 Ensuring that patients are receiving the e proper nutrition.

22. PREVENTION
1. Minimize chances for exposures; measures
should be implemented before patient arrival
,throughout the duration of patients visit ,and
until the patients room is cleaned and
disinfected.
2. Adhere to standard and transmission-based
precautions; hand hygiene, personal protective
equipment's.
3.Handwashing;

25. 3.Use of correct personal protective equipment's
i.e. eye protection, gloves , gowns for the
healthcare providers .
4.Patient placements ; for patients with covid 19 or
other respiratory infections, evaluate need for
hospitalization. If hospitalization is not medically
necessary, home care is preferable if the
individuals situation allows.
If admitted ,place a patient with known or
suspected covid-19 in a single-Person room with he
door closed. The patient should have a dedicated
bathroom.

26. 5.Take precautions when performing aerosol
generating procedures.[AGPs]; if performed the
following should occur; health care personnel in the
room should wear a higher-level respirator ,eye
protection, gloves and a gown.
The number of health care personnel present during
the procedure should be limited to only those
essential for patient care and procedure support.
6.Collection of diagnostic respiratory specimens;
the health care personnel in the room should wear a
higher respirator [or a face mask if respirator is not
available ] ,eye protection, gloves and a gown.

28. 7.Manage visitor access and movement within the
facility.; Establish procedures for monitoring
,managing and training all visitors,ie. All visitors
should perform frequent hand hygiene and follow
respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette precautions
while in the facility, especially common areas,
passively screen visitors for symptoms of acute
respiratory illness before entering the healthcare
facility.

30. 8. Implement engineering controls.; I.E > Physical
barriers or partitions to guide through triage
areas.
>Curtains between patients in shared areas.
>Air handling systems that are installed and
properly maintained.
9. Monitor and manage ill and exposed healthcare
personnel. Facilities and organizations providing
healthcare should implement Sick leave policies
for healthcare personnel that are non-punitive ,
flexible and consistent with public health
guidance.

32. vaccination
 AstraZeneca.
 Johnson and Johnson.
 Pfizer.
 Booster doses & moderna.

33. ThankYou

34. VIRUS

35. INTRODUCTION.
 A herpesvirus is a double stranded DNA virus
that causes infections in humans such herpes ,cmv,
chickenpox,shingles,mononucleosis,measles, and
Kaposi's sarcoma.
 The virus may be dormant for years and then
become activated and cause disease.

36. MAJOR TYPES OF
HERPES
1. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1.
2. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2/GENITAL HERPES
3. HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS./HUMAN HERPESVIRU TYPE3.
4. HERPESVIRUS SIMPLEX 4./EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS
5. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 5.