Downloaded 380 times
Uploaded byAudrey Chauke
Microorganisms 120830082657-phpapp02485
This document discusses microorganisms and provides information about the four major groups: bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. It describes characteristics of each group and notes that microorganisms can be beneficial, for example in food production, or harmful as pathogens. The document also explains that microorganisms live in many environments and discusses pasteurization and other applications of microbes.
More Related Content
![Algae[1]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/algae1-120721122319-phpapp01-thumbnail.jpg?width=640&height=640&fit=bounds)
Similar to Microorganisms 120830082657-phpapp02485
Microorganisms 120830082657-phpapp02485
- 2. INTRODUCTION We know thatthe microorganisms are livings things, but, What are they? Are they harmful or useful? What do they produce? We are going to know about the world of the microorganisms.
- 3. • Microorganisms are unicellularor multicellar organisms, that are microscopic (you can not see them with your naked eye). Micro-organisms are classified into four major groups; Bacteria; Fungi; Protozoa; and Viruses.
- 4.
- 5.
- 6. RI TE A AC B Bacteria constitutea large domain or kingdom of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most habitats on the planet.
- 7. VIRUSES A virusis a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea . viruses are both living and non-living. viruses are living inside the host and non-living outside the host body. viruses cause diseases like polio,chickenp0x,and etc.
- 8. Protozoa caused diseaseslike Dysentery and malaria. Protozoa Protozoa Protozoa, a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, many of which are motile. Originally, protozoa had been defined as unicellular protists with animal-like behaviour, e.g., movement. Protozoa were regarded as the partner group of protists to protophyta, which have plant-like behaviour, e.g., photosynthesis.
- 9. FU NG I Fungi isa group of simple plants that have no chlorophyll. There are some species of fungi that are single celled organisms, and there are other kinds of fungi that are multi-cellular organisms. Fungi caused diseases like
- 10. WHERE DO MICROORGANISMS LIVE? •Micro-organisms may be single-celled like Bacteria, some Viruses and some Protozoa, or Multicellar, such as Virus and Fungi. • They can survive under all types of environment, ranging from ice cold climate to hot springs and deserts to marshy lands. • Microorganisms like amoeba can live alone, while fungi and bacteria may live in colonies.
- 11. HOW DO MICROORGANISMS HELPUS? • In agriculture they are used to increase soil fertility by fixing nitrogen. • Milk is turned into curd by bacteria. • Of these, the bacterium Lactobacillus promotes the formation of curd. Bacteria are also involved in the making of cheese, pickles and many other food items
- 12. • Microorganisms areused for the large scale production of alcohol, wine and acetic acid (vinegar. For this purpose yeast is grown on natural sugars present in grains like barley, wheat, rice and crushed fruit juices, etc. • The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is known as fermentation.
- 13. • Microorganisms areused in the production of antibiotic tablets, capsules or injections such as of penicillin. • Such medicines are called antibiotics. These days a number of antibiotics are being produced from bacteria and fungi. Streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin are some of the commonly known antibiotics.
- 14. • When adisease-carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces antibodies to fight the invader. • Children are given injections to protect themselves against several diseases. • Polio drops given to children are actually a vaccine. • These days vaccines are made on a large scale from microorganisms to protect humans and other animals from several diseases.
- 15. • Some bacteriaand blue green algae are able to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere to enrich soil with nitrogen and increase its fertility. These microbes are commonly called biological nitrogen fixers.
- 16. • Microorganisms are harmfulin many ways. Some of the microorganisms cause diseases in human beings, plants and animals. Such disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens. • Examples of such diseases include cholera, common cold, chicken pox and tuberculosis. • There are some insects and animals which act as carriers of disease-causing microbes. Housefly is one such carrier. Examples of carriers are: the female Anopheles • • m o s q uito which carries the parasite of malaria; • Female A d e s m o s q uito a c ts a s c a rrie r of dengue virus. e
- 19. • Boiling kills manymicroorganisms in milk. Low temperature inhibits the growth of microbes. • The milk is heated to about 70 Degrees Celsius for 15 to 30 seconds and then suddenly chilled and stored. By doing so, it prevents the growth of microbes. This process was discovered by Louis Pasteur. It is called pasteurization.
- 20. ba c teria is involved in the fixation of nitrogen in leguminous plants (pulses). Rhiz o bium liv e s in the ro o t no d ule s o f leguminous plants , such as beans and peas, with which it has a symbiotic relationship. • Rhiz o bium • Sometimes nitrogen gets fixed through the action of lightning.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23.