Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere and its processes. The field has its roots in ancient observations of the weather but made significant advances in the 18th century with observing networks. Modern meteorology involves forecasting weather using computers and observations from networks of instruments like rain gauges, thermometers, hygrometers and barometers, which were invented over centuries by scientists in places like Korea, Italy and France. Meteorologists work in weather forecasting and other applications including aviation, agriculture, hydrology and more to understand the impacts of the atmosphere.

1. History of Meteorology

9. Barometers Evangelista Torricelli is credited with inventing the barometer in 1643 to measure air pressure, but both Giovanni Battista Baliani in 1630 and René Descartes in 1631 had postulated a version of the barometer even earlier than that. GasperoBerti, who had heard from Galileo about the design written down by Baliani, attempted to experiment with water in a vacuum between 1639 and 1641 to explain why pumps would not draw water above a certain height. Torricelli, however, approached it from a different angle and recognized that air had weight; he also recognized that mercury in a barometer was a suitable replacement for water. Years later, Blaise Pascal and Florin Périer refined the design.

10. Sample pictures of Weather Instruments

11. Sling psychometer Thermometer Aneroid barometers

12. Online activity no.2 Earth science Prepared by: Monica C. Bolilan