The document contains 16 programs with code snippets to control various electronic components and devices using a microcontroller. Program 1 turns an LED on and off with a 1 second delay using ports on a microcontroller. Program 2 interfaces a 7-segment display with a microcontroller to display the numbers 0-9 by sending different byte patterns to the display ports. Program 3 writes a program to count from 00 to FF in hexadecimal on PORT B of a microcontroller. The remaining programs implement various functions like reading and sending data between ports, serial input/output, controlling motors and relays, interfacing with sensors, temperature control, and displaying values on an LCD screen by interfacing keypads and other external

1. Program 1: Write program to on off LED with some delay. LED is connected to port Rb0
#define LED PORTB.F0
void main()
{
TRISB.F0=0;
LED=0;
while(1)
{
LED=1;
delay_ms(1000);
LED=0;
delay_ms(1000);
}
}
Design:
Program 2: Interface 7 Segment with MC. Display the number from 0-9 on 7 Segment
#define LED PORTC
int j=0,i=0;
void main()
{
unsigned char arr[10]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f};
TRISC=0;
LED=0;
while(1)
{
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
LED=arr[i];
delay_ms(100);
}
}
}
Design:
Program 3: Write a program to count numbers from 00 to FF on PORT B
#define LED PORTB
unsigned char i=0x00;
void main(void)
{
TRISB=0;
LED=OFF;
while(i<0xFF)
{
LED=1;
Delay_ms(100);
LED=0;

2. Delay_ms(100);
i++;
}
}
Design:
Program 4: Write Program to read data on PORT B and send it on PORT C
#define a PORTB
#define b PORTC
void main()
{
TRISC=0X00;
TRISB=0XFF;
while(1)
{
b=a;
}
}
Design:
Program 5: Write Program to read data on PORT B and send it on PORT C in inverted form
#define a PORTB
#define b PORTC
void main()
{
TRISC=0X00;
TRISB=0XFF;
while(1)
{
b=~a;
}
}
Design:
Program 6: Write a program to input byte of data in MC at Rb0 serially one bit at a time. LSB
should come first
#define pb0 portb.f0
void main()
{
unsigned char x;
unsigned char assign=0;
trisb.f0=1;
trisd=0;

3. for(x=0;x<8;x++)
{
assign=assign>>1;
assign=(pb0 & 0x01)<<7;
}
portd=assign;
}
Design:
Program 7: Write a program to input byte of data in MC at Rb0 serially one bit at a time. MSB
should come first
#define pb0 portb.f0
void main()
{
unsigned char x;
unsigned char assign=0;
trisb.f0=1;
trisd=0;
for(x=0;x<8;x++)
{
assign=assign<<1;
assign=pb0 & 0x01;
}
portd=assign;
}
Design:
Program 8: Write a program to output byte of data in MC at Rb0 serially one bit at a time. MSB
should go first
#define LED PORTB.F0
void main()
{
unsigned char a,x;
unsigned int i;
x=0X45;
TRISB.F0=0;
LED=0;
a=x;
while(1)
{
for(i=7;i>=0;i--)
{
a=x;
LED=a>>i;
delay_ms(100);
if(i==0)
{
i=7;
a=x;

4. break;
}
}
}
}
Design:
Program 9: Write a program to input byte of data in MC at Rb0 serially one bit at a time. LSB
should go first
#define LED PORTB.F0
int i=0;
void main()
{
unsigned char x,a;
x=0xAA;
a=x;
TRISB.F0=0;
while(1)
{
a=a>>1;
LED=a;
delay_ms(100);
i++;
if(i==7)
{
i=0;
a=x ;
}
}
}
Design:
Program 10: Write a program to on off AC Bulb 220v using relay n MC
# define r PORTB.F0
# define s PORTB.F1
void main()
{
TRISB.F0=0;
TRISB.F1=1;
relay=0;
while(1)
{
if(s==0)
{
r=1;
}
else
{

5. r=0;
}
}
}
Design:
Program 11: Write a program to on off DC motor using switch. If switch is on, Motor moves
clockwise and vise versa
# define S PORTB.F0
# define C PORTC.F0
# define A PORTC.F1
void main(void)
{
TRISB.F0=1;
TRISC.F0=0;
TRISC.F1=0;
C=0;
A=0;
S=0;
while(1)
{
if(S==1)
{
C=1;
A=0;
}
else
{
C=0;
A=1;
}
}
}
Design:
Program 12: Write a program to control direction of Stepper Motor
void step(unsigned char);
void main()
{
unsigned char i;
trisd=0;
for(i=1;i<=40;i++)
{
step(0x03);
delay_ms(1000);
step(0x06);
delay_ms(1000);
step(0x0c);
delay_ms(1000);

6. step(0x09);
delay_ms(1000);
}
}
void step(unsigned char st)
{
portd=st;
}
Design:
Program 13: Design pressure controller using switch. Specifications of pressure switch is
given, At 100 Bar switch is Break. At 5 Bar Switch is Make.. Interface Pressure switch with MC to
perform the following tasks.
1.If switch is make, Start the Motor
2.If switch is break, Off the Motor
#define M PORTD.F0
unsigned int r=0;
void interrupt(void)
{
M=1;
if(INTCON.INT0IF==1)
{
if(r==1)
{
INTCON2.INTEDG0=1;
r=0;
}
else
{
M=1;
INTCON2.INTEDG0=0;
r=1;
}
}
}
void main()
{
TRISB.F0=1;
TRISD.F0=0;

7. INTCON=0x90;
INTCON2.INTEDG0=1;
M=0;
while(1){ }
}
Design:
Program 14: Write a program to display number of persons entering in building on LCD
Program 15: Design Temperature control system for furnace, Two temperature switches are
installed in furnace to sense hotness and coldness. Specification for hot sensors is Temperature
greater than 100 degree, For Cold sensors is temperature less than 35 degree. If Furnace is Hot
Make flame off, If furnace is Cold make flame on
void main(void)
{
TRISC=0;
INTCON.GIE=1;
INTCON.INT0IF=0;
INTCON.INT0IE=1;
INTCON3.INT1IF=0;
INTCON3.INT1IE=1;
INTCON2.INTEDG0=1;
INTCON2.INTEDG1=1;
while(1)
{ }
}
void interrupt (void)
{
Lcd_Init(&PORTC); // Initialize LCD connected to PORTC
Lcd_Cmd(Lcd_CLEAR); // Clear display
Lcd_Cmd(Lcd_CURSOR_OFF); // Turn cursor off
if(INTCON.INT0IF)
{
Lcd_Out(1, 1, "FURNANCE OFF");

8. INTCON.INT0IF=0;
}
if(INTCON3.INT1IF)
{
Lcd_Out(1, 1, "FURNANCE ON");
INTCON3.INT1IF=0;
}
}
Design:
Program 16: Design the interface of keypad with MC & display pressed key on LCD
unsigned char kp = ' ';
unsigned int get_Kp();
char keypadPort at PORTB;
sbit LCD_RS at RD0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RD1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RD4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RD5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RD6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RD7_bit;
sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISD0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISD1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISD4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISD5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISD6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISD7_bit;
void main()
{
unsigned int temp;
Keypad_Init();
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);
Lcd_Out(1, 1, "LCD ON ");
Delay_ms(500);

9. do
{
temp = get_Kp();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); // Clear display
switch (temp) {
case 1: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "/"); break; // /
case 2: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "*"); break; // *
case 3: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "-"); break; // -
case 4: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "+"); break; // +
case 5: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "9"); break; // 9
case 6: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "6"); break; // 6
case 7: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "3"); break; // 3
case 8: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "="); break; // =
case 9: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "8"); break; // 8
case 10: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "5"); break; // 5
case 11: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "2"); break; // 2
case 12: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "0"); break; // 0
case 13: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "7"); break; // 7
case 14: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "4"); break; // 4
case 15: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); Lcd_Out(1, 1, "1"); break; // 1
case 16: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); break; // clear
}
Lcd_Out(2, 1, kp);
} while (1);
}
unsigned int get_Kp()
{
unsigned int kp1 = 0;
do{
kp1 = Keypad_Key_Click();
}while (!kp1);
return kp1;
}
Program 17: Design the interface of stepper motor with MC, Degree of circular motion of
stepper motor is entered from keypad and display degree & Motion on LCD

10. unsigned char kp = ' ';
unsigned int get_Kp();
char keypadPort at PORTB;
sbit LCD_RS at RD0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN at RD1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4 at RD4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5 at RD5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6 at RD6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7 at RD7_bit;
sbit LCD_RS_Direction at TRISD0_bit;
sbit LCD_EN_Direction at TRISD1_bit;
sbit LCD_D4_Direction at TRISD4_bit;
sbit LCD_D5_Direction at TRISD5_bit;
sbit LCD_D6_Direction at TRISD6_bit;
sbit LCD_D7_Direction at TRISD7_bit;
void step(unsigned char);
void step(unsigned char st)
{
portc=st;
}
void main(){
unsigned int temp;
unsigned int key;
unsigned char i,n;
TRISC=0;
Keypad_Init();
Lcd_Init();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CURSOR_OFF);
Lcd_Out(1, 1, "LCD ON ");
Delay_ms(500);
do {
temp = get_Kp();
Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR);
switch (temp) {

11. case 5: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=9; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "9"); break;
case 6: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=6; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "6"); break;
case 7: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=3; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "3"); break;
case 9: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=8; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "8"); break;
case 10: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=5; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "5"); break;
case 11: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=2; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "2"); break;
case 12: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=0; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "0"); break;
case 13: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=7; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "7"); break;
case 14: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=4; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "4"); break;
case 15: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); key=1; Lcd_Out(1, 1, "1"); break;
case 16: Lcd_Cmd(_LCD_CLEAR); break;
}
trisd=0;
n=30/key;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
step(0x03);
delay_ms(300);
step(0x06);
delay_ms(300);
step(0x0c);
delay_ms(300);
step(0x09);
delay_ms(300);
}
} while (1);
}
unsigned int get_Kp(){
unsigned int kp1 = 0;
do{
kp1 = Keypad_Key_Click();
}while (!kp1);
return kp1;
}