Data processing involves manipulating data into a more useful form, typically through computer programs. It has a long history dating back to 1890 when Herman Hollerith developed a system using punched cards to help process US Census data. There are two main types: manual-mechanical processing using early technologies like typewriters, and electronic data processing (EDP) using interconnected computers. EDP provides advantages like speed, accuracy, compact storage, and automatic decision making capabilities.

1. Data Processing

2. Chap 1A: Data Processing 2
In its simplest definition, data processing
is the manipulation or processing of data into a
more useful form.
In computer science, it is the analysis and
organization of data by the repeated use of one
or more computer programs.
Data Processing

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 payroll preparation;
 accounting;
 record keeping;
 inventory control;
 sales analysis; and
 processing of bank and credit card account
statements.
In business, it is used for:
Data Processing

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 processing of seismic data for oil and
mineral exploration;
 analysis of new product designs;
 processing of satellite imagery; and
 the analysis of data from scientific
experiments.
Used by engineers and scientists in:
Data Processing

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History of Data Processing
Data Processing predates electronic
computers by almost 60 years.
In 1890, the need to collect and analyze
census data became such an overwhelming
task for the US government.
U.S. Census Bureau contracted American
engineer and inventor Herman Hollerith to
build a special purpose data-processing
system.

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History of Data Processing
With this system, census takers recorded
data by punching holes in a paper card the
size of a dollar bill and then forwarded to a
census office.
Mechanical card readers were used to
read the holes in each card and mechanical
adding machines were used to tabulate the
results.

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1. Manual – Mechanical Data Processing
Types of Data Processing
- refers to a combination of manual
procedures and mechanical equipment
such as typewriters and calculators.
2. Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
- refers to input, output and storage
devices that are interconnected in a
computer to process data.

8. Chap 1A: Data Processing 8
1. Input
Life Cycle/Phases of Data Processing
This means that data are converted to
a form that can be processed by a
computer.
Data are input to a system with a
keyboard, scanner or other input devices
and converted into an electronic code that a
computer can understand.

9. Chap 1A: Data Processing 9
2. Processing
Life Cycle/Phases of Data Processing
The data are manipulated in ways to
convert it into information.
It consists of a number of data
processing operations and other logical
activities.
3. Output
The processed information is produced
or displayed in usable form.

10. Chap 1A: Data Processing 10
Life Cycle/Phases of Data Processing
4. Storage
Simply saving information (data or
instructions) in computer-usable form.
This means that the material being
stored is retained in the form of the
computer’s electronic codes on magnetic
tapes or magnetic disks.

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 Recording - refers to the transfer of data
onto some form or document.
 Verifying - recorded data are carefully
checked for any errors.
Data Processing Functions
 Duplicating - reproducing the data into
many forms or documents.
 Calculating - arithmetic manipulation of the
data.

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Data Processing Functions
 Sorting - arranging data in a specific order.
 done in alphabetic, numeric or
chronological order with respect to the
“data item,” called the key.
 Retrieving - recovering stored data and/or
information when needed.
 the key determines how the sorting is
done.

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 Classifying - identifying and arranging items
with like characteristics into groups or
classes.
Data Processing Functions
 Summarizing and Reporting - collected
data is condensed and its conclusions
are presented in a meaningful format so
that the resulting output will be clear,
concise and effective.

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Data Processing Functions
 Merging - takes two or more sets of data, all
sets having been sorted by the same
“key,” and puts them together to form a
single-sorted set of data.
 any discrepancy is analyzed,
corrected, and fed back to the proper
stage in the processing operation.
 Feedback - the comparison of the output and
the goal set in advance.

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Advantages:
Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Compact storage.
4. Decision – making capability
5. Automatic operation
6. Discipline it imposes.

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End
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