Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi can degrade waste through microbial degradation. The document discusses sources of waste in India like municipal, medical, industrial, and electronic waste, which has increased substantially over time. It separates waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories. Plastics, a major non-biodegradable pollutant, are categorized and some alternative bio-based packaging materials are presented. The microbial degradation process of plastics is explained involving bio-deterioration, bio-fragmentation and assimilation/mineralization. Non-microbial degradation methods are also mentioned.

1. Microbial Degradation
Of Waste
Presented by,
SHEEBA.D
UMA.A

2. Introduction
Microorganism are very small organism.
CATEGORY
Bacteria
Fungi
Archaea
Protozoa
Algae
Some bacteria and fungi – process of degradation
Life existed on the planet-3.6 billion yrs.
5*10³º prokaryotes on Earth.

3. Garbage:
 The substance which are intended or required to be
disposed off.
 Waste management Lincensing Regulation 1994
 extraction of impure materials –Handling of untreated
garbage in processing the final product- during consumption
or utilization or breakdown of product.
Garbage formation in India:
 62 million tons of waste annually
In India 1.5 lakh metric tons of solid waste
 1.975 million tons of e waste around 1.5 kg in our country
Now 5.2 million tons increased per year.
Swachh bharat or clean India Mission -2014 to 2019

4. 41%
40%
6%
4%
4%
2%
2%
1%
Chart Title
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
IN 2007 garbage in India Garbage formation worldwide
Global waste production will
increase by 70%
 2.01 billion metric ton of
municipal solid waste.
3.40 billion tos by 2050.
Kuwait generates 5.72kg of
waste per capita
Arena Ghana 192,000 tons of
e-waste annually.
Indonesia 230000 tons of
household waste every year
Pakistan 202 hectares &5000
people & affects the life of 5
million people.

5. Sources of garbage:
Municipal waste
Medical/clinical waste
Agricultural waste
Industrial waste
E-waste
Waste from constructions & demolitions
Commercial source
Biodegradable waste &non –biodegeradable waste:
o Biodegeradable waste:
Easily decomposed by bacteria & other
natural do not contribute to pollution.
o Non- biodegradable waste:
It cannot be degraded or decomposed by the
biological process or broken down by natural organism
&add up to the pollution.

6. PLASTICS:
It is signified as “pliable & easily molded”.
Categorization
Polyethelene Tetrephthalate
High –Density polyethylene(HDPE)
 Polyvinyl chloride(PVC)
Low-Density polyethylene(LDPE)
Polyproylene(PP)
Polystyrene or styrofoam(PS)
Miscellaneous plastics.
Packing Eg:
 Mushroom packaging
Liquid wood
Seaweed-based packaging
Pressed hay
Banana leaves

7. 1. GLASS
2. Alternative packaging material
Types
I. Bio-based type
II. Petrochemical-based
3. Microbial degradation of plastics
a) Bio-deterioration
b) Bio-fragmentation
c) Assimilation &mineralisation
4. Non-microbial degradation of plastics