The Presentation is about the solid waste,solid waste management, and Agricultural waste data for india.

1. Solid Waste &
Agricultural Refuse
Name-Shreyas Paraspatki & Vipul Kohinkar
Rollno- ME3232 & ME3235
Div:TY B

2. Topics
1. Introduction
2. Types of Solid Waste
3. Effects of Solid Waste
4. Solid Waste Management
5. Methods of Solid Waste Management
6. 3R Method
7. Agricultural Refuse
8. Agricultural Waste Data of India
9. Effects of Agricultural Waste
10. Ways To Reduce Agricultural Waste
11. Government Initiatives for Solid Waste
12. Conclusion
13. References

3. Introduction
 Solid waste : It can be defined as the useless and unwanted
products in the solid state derived from the activities of and discarded
by society. It is produced either by - product of production processes
or arise form the domestic or commercial objects or materials are
discarded after use.
 Solid waste may be categorised in three ways. According to its:
1. Origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction
or institutional)
2. Contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc)
3. Hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable,
radioactive, infectious etc).

5. Types of solid waste
 Solid Waste can be classified into different types depending on their
source:
1. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): It consists of household
waste, sanitation residue, and waste from streets, generated mainly
from residential and commercial complexes.
2. Industrial Solid Waste (ISW): In a majority of cases it is termed as
hazardous waste as they may contain toxic substances e.g. gases.
3. Biomedical waste: It is usually infectious waste that may include
waste like sharps, soiled waste, disposables,discarded medicines,
chemical wastes, etc. These can be a serious threat to human health
if not managed in a scientific and discriminate manner.

7. Effects of Solid waste
 By dumping of huge garbage,biodegradable materials starts to decompose
under unhygienic conditions. Later it becomes a breeding ground for
different types of disease-causing insects.
 The solid wastes collected from different industries when these wastes
are released into the environment, they can produce problems to the
environment, the chemicals may drain into the soil and pollute the
groundwater and also alter the productivity of the soils in that particular
area.
 By burning the paper and other scraps along with the hazardous wastes,
dioxins and poisonous gasses are produced which results in causing
various diseases including chronic disease, skin infections, cancer, etc.

8. Solid waste management
 Solid waste management refers to the collecting, treating, and
disposing of solid material that is discarded or is no longer useful.
Solid waste management is an important aspect of urban area
management.
 Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary
conditions, which can lead to environmental pollution and the
outbreak of vector-borne disease.
 The task of solid waste management presents complex technical
challenges. They also pose various economic, administrative, and
social problems which need urgent attention.

9. Methods of Solid Waste Management
 Some of the methods to deal with Solid waste are :
1. Solid Waste Open Burning
2. Sea dumping process
3. Solid wastes sanitary landfills
4. Composting process
5. Disposal by Ploughing into the fields

11. 3R Method
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle – these three 'R' words are an important part
of sustainable living, as they help to cut down on the amount of waste
we have to throw away.
 Reduce the amount of waste you produce.
 Reuse items as much as you can before replacing them.
 Recycle items wherever possible.
 Using the 3 'R's also helps to minimise the amount of space needed for
landfill sites, where waste materials are disposed of.

13. Agricultural Refuse
 Agricultural Waste is Refuse produced by farms in the production of
agriculture. This is made up of poultry and livestock manure; residuals
from output and marketing of poultry, cattle, and fur-bearing animals;
and the remains from the production and harvest of grain, vegetable,
and fruit.
 Every year India generates agricultural waste of nearly 500 million
tonnes this mainly consist of the harvest and post-harvest losses.
 Agricultural waste not only affects the economy but also due to
improper waste management can be breeding ground for numereous
diseases.

15. Agricultural Waste Data of India
 Globally, 1.3 billion tonnes of food gets wasted or lost every year.
 India produces nearly of 500 million tonnes of agricultural waste.
 Uttar Pradesh leads in agricultural waste.
 List of agricultural products and their cumulative loss (%)
1. Cereals: 4.65 to 5.99
2. Pulses: 6.36 to 8.41
3. Oil seeds: 3.08 to 9.96
4. Fruits & Vegetables: 4.58 to 15.88
5. Milk: 0.92
6. Meat: 2.71
7. Poultry meat: 6.74

18. Effects of Agricultural Waste
Soil Pollution and Depletion of Soil Fertility-The agricultural
pollution contaminates soil that leads to soil pollution and depletion
of soil fertility by killing soil microorganisms. The chemicals that are
part of pesticides and other different kinds of agrochemicals can
cause long-lasting damage to the soil.
 Effect on Aquatic Animals
Decrease in Crop Yields
Effects on Animals-Agricultural pollution can also have adverse
effects on animals. Since animals consume parts of the crop yield,
they are heavily affected by pesticides and can even die from the
consumption of these contaminated crops.

19. Ways To Reduce Agricultural Waste
There are many ways that farmers will choose to get rid of waste.
 BURNING - Agricultural waste burning is cost-efficient way to clear land,
fertilize soil and prepare it for new plantation.
 COMPOSTING -Farmers can reduce waste by composting many of their
items. They are good for the soil and help the plants to grow. This is a
great environmentally friendly option that farmers can take advantage of.
Some of the many things that you should compost are:
Animal Waste
Plants
Leaves, Straw, and Hay
 RECYCLING -It is a great idea to find ways to recycle waste. There are
many items that are used for agricultural purposes that you may be able
to reuse. Find another use for it or transform it into something that will
benefit you. Some items such as:
Organic Fertilizer
Plastic Tote Bags

21. Government Initiatives for Solid Waste
1. Swachha Bharat Mission(SBM): With the enactment of new rules, it
started door-to-door collection, segregation at source, etc.
2. Swaccha Survekshan: An annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and
sanitation in cities and towns across India. It launched as a part of the
SBM-U under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). It gives
star ratings to garbage-free cities and towns on several factors.
3. Promotion of Waste to Energy: Ministry of new and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) launched Program on Energy from Urban, Industrial, Agricultural
waste/residues and Municipal Solid Waste to promote setting up of Waste-
to-Energy projects and to provide central financial assistance
4. Compost Banao, Compost Apnao Campaign: a multi-media campaign
launched by MoHUAon waste-to-compost under SBM. The aim is to
encourage people to convert their kitchen waste into compost to be used
as fertilizer and to reduce the amount of waste getting to landfill sites.

22. Conclusion
 The improvement of people and private sector through NGOs could
improve the efficiency of solid waste management.
 Public awareness should be created especially at primary level.
 It is advisable to move from open dumping to sanitary land filling in a
phased manner
 Littering of solid waste should prohibited in cities towns and urban areas.
 The prevention of food wastage at all levels before they are created will
salvage some of food wastes and prevent unnecessary ill-health and
environmental disadvantages as well as huge economic losses.
 Proper awareness should be made to everyone involved in agricultural
activities.

23. References
 https://www.britannica.com/technology/solid-waste-management
 https://byjus.com/biology/solid-waste-management/
 https://www.indiawaterportal.org/topics/solid-waste
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste
 https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-its-time-to-put-farm-and-
food-waste-to-use
 https://publicpolicyindia.com/2021/07/29/solid-waste-management-in-india-
an-overview-policy-frameworks-government-initiatives-and-opportunities/

24. THANK YOU