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Definition:
Bioremediation is a biological
process that uses living organisms,
usually microorganisms (bacteria
and fungi) and plants, to degrade,
remove, alter, immobilize, and
detoxify waste products and
pollutants from soil or water .
Bioremediation is a combination of
two words « bio » means living and
« remidiate » means to solve a
problem or to bring the sites
andaffairs into the original states.
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In-situ bioremediation :
When the bioremediation takes
place in the environment.
It is superior method to cleaning
contaminated environments since it is
cheaper and uses harmless microbial
organisms to degrade the chemicals.
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There are two types for in situ
bioremediation :
Intrinsec : conversion of environmental pollutants into the harmless
forms through the innate capabilities of naturally occurring microbial
population is called intrinsic in-situ bioremediation.
Engineered: its accelerates the degradation process by
enhancing the physicochemical conditions to encourage the
growth of microorganisms.
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Ex-situ bioremediation:
When the contaminated material is
removed from the environment and
treated elsewhere.
Ex situ Bioremediation involves
the removal of waste water
material and their collection at a
place to facilitate microbial
degradation.
Ex situ bioremediation is classified into two types
solid phase system and slurry phase systems.
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Land farming :Land farming is a simple technique in which
cop and spread oil is a prepared dea
and periodically tilled until pollutants are degraded
Composting : Involves the combining contaminated soil with
nonhazardous organic amendants such as manure and
agricultural wastes.
Biopiles :
Typically used for treatment of surface contamination with
petroleum hydrocarbons they are a refined version of land
farming that tend to control physical losses of the contaminants
by leaching and volatilization.
Solid phase system:
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Bioreactors :
Soil and water pumped up from a contaminated plume and processed through an
engineered containment system.
Bioventing :
Bioventing employs low air flow rates.
involves the amount of oxygen necessary for the degradation and nutrients
through wells to contaminated soil to stimulate the indigenous bacteria.
Biosparging : Involves the injection of air under pressure below the water table to
increase groundwater oxygen concentrations and enhance the rate of biological
degradation of contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria.
Bioagumentation :
Bioremediation frequently involves the adding microbes and organisms to
strengthen the same in waste to allow them take over and decontaminate the area.
Slurry phase system
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Advantage:
Bioremediation takes advantage of the natural
ability of microorganisms to extract chemicals
from water, soil and sediment using energy from
sunlight.
It is cost-effective technique compared to other
physicochemical treatment methods.
Less energy is required compared to other
technologies.
Often little to no residual treatment.
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Disadvantages :
The process of bioremediation is slow.
Treatment time is typically longer then that of other
remediation technologies.
It does not remove all quantities of the contaminants
from the polluted site.
Bioremediation is not useful for treatment of inorganic
contaminants of every organic compound.
For in-situ bioremediation site must have soil.
