It's a basic knowledge about Bioremediation and type of Bioremediation process and instiu and exsitu Bioremediation type

1. VIVEKANADHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
FOR WOMEN,
VEERACHIPALAYAM, SANKARI, SALEM,TAMILNADHU

2. 
Remedialis = Curing / Healing
Bio = living
BIOREMEDIATION
BIOREMEDIATION

3. 
 BIOREMEDIATION : is the process of using
microorganisms to remove the environmental pollutants.
 Based on principle of biodegradation. The process utilize
microbes (or) plants for pollutant degradation inoculated via
natural attenuation, bio augmentation or biostimualtion.
 The water are degraded by bio deterioration and
biodegradation method. It favourable condition, microbes
consume the contaminants and convert them into harmless
organic or inorganic by products.
BIOREMEDIATION

4. 
IN -SITU BIOREMEDIATION :
(Cleaning up of contamination at the site where it occurred.)
EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION :
(Cleaning up of contamination out of site.)
TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION

5. 
BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS

6. 
 In situ bioremediation means : there is no need to excavate
or remove soils or water in order to accomplish
remediation.
 It is superior method to cleaning contaminated
environments since it is cheaper and uses harmless
microbial organisms to degrade the chemicals.
 It involves the supplying oxygen and nutrition by
circulating aqueous solution through naturally occurring
bacteria to degrade organic compounds.In situ
bioremediation is applied to the degradation of
contaminants in saturated soils and ground water.
IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION

7. 
 There are two types of in situ bioremediation.
1. INTRINSIC IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION: Conversion
of environmental pollutants into the harmless forms through
the innate capabilities of naturally occurring microbial
population is called Intrinsic In situ Bioremediation.
2. ENGINEERED IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION: It’s
accelerates the degradation process by enhancing the
physicochemical conditions to encourage the growth of
microorganisms.
TYPES OF IN-SITU
BIOREMEDIATION

8. 
1.BIO SPARGING : Injection of air under pressure below the
water table to increase groundwater oxygen concentrations
and enhance the rate of biological degradation of
contaminants by naturally occurring bacteria.
 The ease and low cost of installing small- diameter air
injection points allows considerable flexibility in the
design and construction of the system.
ENGINEERED IN-SITU
BIOREMEDIATION TYPES

9. 
2.BIOVENTING : Bioventing is a type of in situ
bioremediation technique that stimulates the aerobic
degradation process.
 Supply air and nutrients through wells to contaminated soil
to stimulate indigenous microorganisms.
 It’s works for simple hydrocarbons can be used for the
contamination site deep under the surface.
3.BIO SLURPING: Is the adaptation and application of
vacuum-enhanced dewatering technologies to remediate
hydrocarbon-contaminated sites.
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10. 
4. BIOSTIMULATION : The method in which bacteria are
motivated to start the process of bioremediation.
 In this method, first the experts release nutrients and other
Important substances in the soil where there is need or
removing the contaminants.
 These are in the form of gas or liquid. It increases the
growth of microbes in that area. As a result bacteria and
other microorganisms remove the contaminants quickly
and efficiently.
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11. 
5.BIOAUGMENTATION : It's one of the Bio-remediation
method which Frequently involves the addition of
microorganisms Indigeneous exogenous to the contaminated
sites.
 Bioaugmentation is more commonly and successfully used
on contaminants removed from the original site, such as
municipal waste water treatment facilities.
 This can increase carrying capacity of the system to
degrade a contamination.
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12. 
6.NATURAL ATTENUATION : It is the reduction of
contaminants concentration in the environment through three
process biological processes
1. Biological processes:(aerobic and anaerobic degradation,
plant and animal uptake)
2. Physical phenomena:(advection, dispersion, dilution,
diffusion,sorption/desorption)
3. Chemical reactions:(ion exchange,complexation, abiotic
transformation).
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13. 
 Cost Effective, with minimal exposure to public or site
personnel.
 Sites remain minimally disrupted, time required to treat
sub surface pollution is faster than pump and treat
processes.
 No need to excavate & transport soils - typically less
expensive.
 Causes less contaminants to be released than ex situ
techniques.
 Creates less dust. Most effective if permeable sandy soil
(un-compacted)
ADVANTAGES OF IN-SITU
BIOREMEDIATION

14. 
 Very time consuming process, heavy metals and organic
compounds might not be degraded successfully
 Sites are directly exposed to environmental factors,
microbial degrading ability varies seasonally.
 Very time consuming process
 Sites are directly exposed to environmental factors such as
temperature, oxygen supply etc..,
DISADVANTAGES OF IN-
SITU BIOREMEDIATION

15. 
TYPES OF EX-SITU
BIOREMEDIATION
SOLID PHASE SLURRY PHASE
TWO TYPES

16. 
 Solid-phase systems are relatively simple to operate and
maintain, require a large amount of space, and cleanups
require more time to complete than with slurry-phase
processes.
 Solid-phase soil treatment processes include
1. Biopiling.
2. Land farming.
3. Composting.
4. Bio filter.
SOLID-PHASE
BIOREMEDIATION

17. 
1.BIOPILES : Are designed to optimize the conditions for
aerobic bacteria to biodegrade organic contaminants used to
reduce concentrations of petroleum constituents in excavated
soils through the use of biodegradation.
 This technology involves heaping contaminated soils into
piles (or "cells") and stimulating aerobic microbial activity
within the soils through the aeration and/or addition of
minerals ,nutrients, and moisture.
 The enhanced microbial activity results in degradation of
adsorbed petroleum-product constituents through microbial
respiration.
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18. 
2.LAND FORMING : In pollutant soils are regularly
treatment of type of bioremadiation.
 Bioremediation treatment process that is performed in the
upper soil zone or in biotreatment cells.
 Contaminated soils, sediments, or sludges are incorporated
into the soil surface and periodically turned over or tilled
to aerate the mixture.
 It has more common than other ex-situ bioremediation
technique.
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19. 
3.COMPOSTING : Mixing of many contaminated material with
containing bioremediation organisms. The mixture of Incubated
under aerobic and warm conditions. (Agriculture field) the
presence of organic materials supports the development of a rich
microbial population.
 Three ways of composting:
1. Static Pile - Aerated using vacuums or blowers
2. Mechanically Agitated in - vessel composting Contaminants
are put into a treatment tank, turned up and mixed.
3. Windrow Composting - Contaminants are laid out in long
piles and mixed by a tractor.
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20. 
4.BIOFILTERS : Bio filters are one of the oldest
bioremediation techniques.
 It is an important separation method that can be applied in
the removal of organic contaminants from air and water.
 During bio filter operation, pollutants are passed through
a media bed containing microbes that causes degradation
of pollutants.
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21. 
 SLURRY PHASE SYSTEM : Involves processing of
contaminated soil or water through the use of engineered system
like bioreactors so as to increase the rate of biodegradation.
 This system is actually a triphasic system involving three major
components such as water, suspended particulate motter and air.
 The process involves three types of bioreactors :
SLURRY PHASE SYSTEM
AERATED LAGOONS
LOW-SHEAR AIRLIFT
REACTORS
FLUIDIZED BED SOIL
REACTOR

22. 
 Better controlled and more efficient processes. can be
improved by enrichment with desired microorganisms.
 Time required is short, suitable for wide range of
contaminants, environment is controllable and manageable.
 It’s a advanced technique.
 The biggest advantage is speed. During ex-situ
bioremediation, since the material is typically well mixed,
well aerated, and plenty of nutrients are added, the
breakdown of the contaminant is typically much faster than
what occurs in-situ.
ADVANTAGES OF EX-SITU
BIOREMEDIATION

23. 
 Very costly processes, sites of pollution are highly
disturbed.
 There may be disposal problems after the process is
complete, the contaminant can be stripped off via soil
washing or physical extraction.
 May be more difficult to manage (than ex situ techniques).
 Least effective in clays/highly layered subsurface
environments - oxygen cannot be evenly distributed
throughout the treatment area.
DISADVANTAGES OF EX-
SITU BIOREMEDIATION