Micro organism, our friends or foes.
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Algae are eukaryotic, photosynthetic microorganisms that contain chlorophyll a and generate oxygen through photosynthesis. They have nuclei and exist as microscopic cells. Nitrogen fixation provides nitrogen fertilizer for plants in the forms of ammonia and nitrates, but only 30-50% is taken up by plants, with the remainder metabolized by soil microbes through nitrification and denitrification processes that release nitrous oxide and pollute waterways.
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nutrients cycle
This document provides an overview of the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It describes the key steps in each cycle, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification for the nitrogen cycle. For the carbon cycle, it outlines how carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration before being absorbed again in a repeating cycle. Various microorganisms and biochemical processes are involved at each step to transform nitrogen and carbon into different forms and recycle them in the environment.
THE NITROGEN CYCLE BY AALOK KUMAR DESHMUKH
THIS PRESENTATION IS AL ABOUT NITROGEN CYCLE AND ITS EFFECT ON OTHER FACTOR.THE PRESENTATION ALSO DEALS WITH ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle describes the conversion of nitrogen between its various chemical forms and involves both biological and non-biological processes. Key processes include nitrogen fixation by bacteria and lightning which converts atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia; nitrification by bacteria which converts ammonia into nitrites and nitrates; assimilation by plants which use nitrates and ammonium for growth; ammonification by decomposers which converts organic nitrogen waste into ammonia; and denitrification by bacteria which converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas. Human activities like fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and deforestation have significantly impacted the global nitrogen cycle.
Sulfur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is the 10th most abundant element in the earth's crust and is essential for proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes in plants and animals. The sulfur cycle involves the transformation of sulfur between its various forms, including elemental sulfur, sulfate, sulfide and organic sulfur compounds. As sulfur moves through this cycle, it is oxidized and reduced by bacteria and other organisms and plays an important role in biochemical processes before returning to the environment.
Nitrogen Cycle
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle, which is the process by which nitrogen is converted between various chemical forms through biological and physical processes. It describes the major steps of the nitrogen cycle as nitrogen fixation, nitrogen assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and sedimentation. Nitrogen fixation involves converting nitrogen gas from the air into biologically useful forms through biological, physiochemical and industrial processes. Nitrification and denitrification are processes by which microorganisms convert nitrogen between its inorganic and organic forms.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle describes the conversion of nitrogen between its various chemical forms and as it circulates between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Nitrogen exists in the atmosphere as N2 gas and is converted to ammonia or nitrates through nitrogen fixation, which occurs through lightning, bacteria, and industrial fertilizer production. Plants and animals assimilate fixed nitrogen and it is returned to the soil through decomposition, where it is converted to ammonium through ammonification and then to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification. Some nitrates are taken up by plants while others enter oceans, and nitrates are ultimately converted back to N2 gas through de-nitrification, completing the cycle.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. ... Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
nutrient cycles powerpoint presentation
nutrient cycle in the atmosphere specifically the gaseous cycle(carbon and nitrogen) , importance and significance of carbon and nitrogen cycle
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nutrients cycle
This document provides an overview of the nitrogen and carbon cycles. It describes the key steps in each cycle, including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification for the nitrogen cycle. For the carbon cycle, it outlines how carbon is absorbed by plants through photosynthesis and released through respiration before being absorbed again in a repeating cycle. Various microorganisms and biochemical processes are involved at each step to transform nitrogen and carbon into different forms and recycle them in the environment.
THE NITROGEN CYCLE BY AALOK KUMAR DESHMUKH
THIS PRESENTATION IS AL ABOUT NITROGEN CYCLE AND ITS EFFECT ON OTHER FACTOR.THE PRESENTATION ALSO DEALS WITH ITS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle describes the conversion of nitrogen between its various chemical forms and involves both biological and non-biological processes. Key processes include nitrogen fixation by bacteria and lightning which converts atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia; nitrification by bacteria which converts ammonia into nitrites and nitrates; assimilation by plants which use nitrates and ammonium for growth; ammonification by decomposers which converts organic nitrogen waste into ammonia; and denitrification by bacteria which converts nitrates back into nitrogen gas. Human activities like fossil fuel combustion, agriculture, and deforestation have significantly impacted the global nitrogen cycle.
Sulfur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is the 10th most abundant element in the earth's crust and is essential for proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes in plants and animals. The sulfur cycle involves the transformation of sulfur between its various forms, including elemental sulfur, sulfate, sulfide and organic sulfur compounds. As sulfur moves through this cycle, it is oxidized and reduced by bacteria and other organisms and plays an important role in biochemical processes before returning to the environment.
Nitrogen Cycle
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle, which is the process by which nitrogen is converted between various chemical forms through biological and physical processes. It describes the major steps of the nitrogen cycle as nitrogen fixation, nitrogen assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and sedimentation. Nitrogen fixation involves converting nitrogen gas from the air into biologically useful forms through biological, physiochemical and industrial processes. Nitrification and denitrification are processes by which microorganisms convert nitrogen between its inorganic and organic forms.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle describes the conversion of nitrogen between its various chemical forms and as it circulates between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Nitrogen exists in the atmosphere as N2 gas and is converted to ammonia or nitrates through nitrogen fixation, which occurs through lightning, bacteria, and industrial fertilizer production. Plants and animals assimilate fixed nitrogen and it is returned to the soil through decomposition, where it is converted to ammonium through ammonification and then to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification. Some nitrates are taken up by plants while others enter oceans, and nitrates are ultimately converted back to N2 gas through de-nitrification, completing the cycle.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. ... Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
nutrient cycles powerpoint presentation
nutrient cycle in the atmosphere specifically the gaseous cycle(carbon and nitrogen) , importance and significance of carbon and nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere and terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen Cycle & Nitrogen Fixation
The nitrogen cycle describes the natural process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms and circulated between living organisms and the atmosphere. Nitrogen is essential for building proteins and other organic molecules in living things. It enters ecosystems through nitrogen fixation by bacteria or lightning. Nitrifying bacteria then convert nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates that can be absorbed by plants. Plants and animals incorporate nitrogen into their tissues through consumption or root uptake, and nitrogen returns to the atmosphere through decomposition, denitrification, and other processes. The nitrogen cycle is crucial for supporting life but anthropogenic nitrogen pollution from sources like fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer runoff can disrupt ecosystems.
Nitrification process
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.
Sulphur cycle
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
Bacterial nitrogen cycling
The document summarizes three papers about bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling. Hagopian & Riley (1998) looked at the bacteria responsible for nitrification, including ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Ruiz et al. (2003) studied conditions for high nitrite accumulation during wastewater treatment. They found up to 98% ammonia conversion and 65% nitrite accumulation at low dissolved oxygen levels. Fdz-Polanco et al. (2000) examined spatial distributions of heterotrophs and nitrifiers in a submerged biofilter, finding microbial segregation depending on organic carbon concentrations entering the filter.
Sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an abundant yellow solid element that cycles through the environment in rocks, soil, oceans, atmosphere and living things. The sulfur cycle involves weathering of rocks, uptake by plants and organisms, release through decomposition, emission from natural and human sources, and settling back into the earth or oceans. The sulfur cycle regulates sulfur levels and prevents acid rain, but human emissions have increased atmospheric sulfur and contributed to issues like acid rain and smog.
Sulfur cycle
The sulfur cycle has both sedimentary and gaseous components. Sulfur enters the biosphere through natural processes like rock weathering and volcanic eruptions or through human activities like burning fossil fuels. It cycles through terrestrial and marine environments and can be found in soil, oceans, plants, and animals. Various bacteria play important roles in processing and transforming sulfur as it moves between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Sulfur cycle
Sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid that is abundant in the environment and essential for life. Most sulfur is found buried in ocean rocks and salts. It plays important roles in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that plants and animals need. The sulfur cycle involves the mineralization, oxidation, reduction and immobilization of sulfur as it moves between organic and inorganic forms in the environment, atmosphere, and biosphere. Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the air, contributing to acid rain formation which erodes both natural and human structures.
Nitrogen cycle in aquatic ecosystem...................................
The nitrogen cycle is essential for life and involves the transformation of nitrogen between various forms through biological and physical processes. In aquatic ecosystems, nitrogen is cycled through four main processes: fixation by bacteria, decay of organic matter by microorganisms, nitrification by nitrifying bacteria, and denitrification by bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Imbalances in the nitrogen cycle can lead to toxicity issues for aquatic life from ammonia or nitrite accumulation. Maintaining the proper functioning of the nitrogen cycle is important for the balance and health of aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of so2 on vegetation
The document discusses sulfur dioxide (SO2), including its physical and chemical properties, sources of emission, and effects. It emits primarily from burning fossil fuels like coal. SO2 dissolves in water to form acid rain, which damages vegetation, property, and causes acidification of soils and lakes. Control techniques discussed include absorption using limestone scrubbers, spray dryer scrubbers, adsorption using lime, and using lower sulfur fuels.
Sulphur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is an essential element found in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that is important for plant and animal life. It goes through the major steps of the sulfur cycle, including the biological oxidation and reduction of elemental sulfur, assimilation of sulfate by plants, mineralization of organic sulfur sources, and oxidation and reduction of sulfide. The sulfur cycle is essential for transforming sulfur between different forms and transporting it through ecosystems.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but not directly usable by plants and animals. The nitrogen cycle describes the biological and chemical processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. These include nitrogen fixation by bacteria, nitrification by other microbes, assimilation by plants, ammonification through decomposition, and denitrification by some bacteria. Human activities like burning fossil fuels, livestock waste, and fertilizer use introduce additional reactive nitrogen into ecosystems, disrupting the natural cycle.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Sulphur cycle
This document discusses the sulfur cycle and transformations of sulfur in nature. It notes that sulfur exists in both organic and inorganic forms in soil, and undergoes four main transformations: decomposition to release inorganic sulfur, microbial immobilization, oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, and reduction of sulfates. Key aspects of the sulfur cycle include mineralization of organic sulfur by microorganisms, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial oxidation of sulfur compounds like sulfides and thiosulfates. Thiobacillus bacteria are important for sulfur oxidation. Sulfate reduction is also discussed.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle consists of 5 main stages:
(1) Ammonification is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonium by microbes.
(2) Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and then nitrate by bacteria.
(3) Plants uptake nitrate and convert it into amino acids and other nitrogen compounds.
(4) Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium via bacteria and cyanobacteria.
(5) Denitrification reduces nitrates back to nitrogen gas which re-enters the atmosphere. The nitrogen cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen through air, soil, plants and animals via specialized microbes.
The sulfur cycle PERIOD 3
The sulfur cycle describes the natural process by which sulfur is circulated between its different reservoirs on Earth. Most sulfur is stored underground in rocks and sediments, and is released into the atmosphere through volcanic activity and decomposition. It is absorbed by plants and enters the oceans. Certain algae produce dimethyl sulfide gas which forms sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. Bacteria convert sulfur compounds in wet environments. Human activity such as burning fossil fuels greatly increases the rate of sulfur release into the atmosphere, interrupting the natural cycle and causing environmental damage through acid rain.
Sulphur cycle
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the biosphere and lithosphere. Key points include:
- Sulfur is released by volcanoes as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gases.
- Sulfur is oxidized to sulfate and reduced to sulfide as it moves between organisms and the environment.
- Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen Cycle
- Harshil Suthar is a student pursuing a F.Y.B.Sc in biotechnology at the government science college.
- The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms as it circulates in the ecosystem. Key processes include nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification.
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium and Azotobacter convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants and other organisms.
Nitrogen cycle
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle. It discusses the main sources of nitrogen including the atmosphere, soil, fertilizers and volcanic activity. It then describes the key processes in the nitrogen cycle including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. Nitrogen fixation occurs through symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria. Ammonification and nitrification are multi-step biological processes converting organic and ammonia forms of nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere through bacteria. The factors that impact these nitrogen transformations such as oxygen, temperature, pH and carbon levels are also outlined.
Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. Nitrogen is essential for life but is biologically unavailable in its atmospheric form. Certain bacteria are able to fix nitrogen by converting it to ammonia. This ammonia can then be converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification or incorporated into living things through assimilation. Upon death and decomposition, nitrogen is returned to the soil through ammonification. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere, completing the cycle. Human activities like fossil fuel combustion and excessive fertilizer use have disrupted the nitrogen cycle, contributing to issues like acid rain, eutrophication and algal blooms.
nitrogenmetabolism-201028181632.pdf
This document discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants. It explains that nitrogen is essential for plants and is absorbed from the soil primarily as nitrate or ammonium ions. Nitrogen is also obtained from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation, which can occur through physical or biological means. Approximately 10% of nitrogen fixation is physical, such as through lightning, while 90% is biological, carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria either freely living or in symbiotic relationships with plants. The document provides details on the processes of biological nitrogen fixation, including nodule formation in legumes, the mechanism of nitrogen reduction to ammonia, and assimilation of ammonia into amino acids in plants.
Nitrogen metabolism
This document discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants. It notes that nitrogen is essential for plants and is absorbed from the soil in nitrate or ammonium forms. Plants obtain nitrogen mainly from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation, which can occur through physical or biological means. About 10% occurs physically through lightning converting nitrogen to nitrates, while 90% is through biological fixation by microorganisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria either freely living or in symbiotic relationships with plants. The document provides details on the mechanisms of biological nitrogen fixation and assimilation of fixed nitrogen into amino acids in plants.
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Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere and terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is nitrogen, making it the largest pool of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen Cycle & Nitrogen Fixation
The nitrogen cycle describes the natural process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms and circulated between living organisms and the atmosphere. Nitrogen is essential for building proteins and other organic molecules in living things. It enters ecosystems through nitrogen fixation by bacteria or lightning. Nitrifying bacteria then convert nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates that can be absorbed by plants. Plants and animals incorporate nitrogen into their tissues through consumption or root uptake, and nitrogen returns to the atmosphere through decomposition, denitrification, and other processes. The nitrogen cycle is crucial for supporting life but anthropogenic nitrogen pollution from sources like fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer runoff can disrupt ecosystems.
Nitrification process
Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.
Sulphur cycle
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
Bacterial nitrogen cycling
The document summarizes three papers about bacteria involved in nitrogen cycling. Hagopian & Riley (1998) looked at the bacteria responsible for nitrification, including ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Ruiz et al. (2003) studied conditions for high nitrite accumulation during wastewater treatment. They found up to 98% ammonia conversion and 65% nitrite accumulation at low dissolved oxygen levels. Fdz-Polanco et al. (2000) examined spatial distributions of heterotrophs and nitrifiers in a submerged biofilter, finding microbial segregation depending on organic carbon concentrations entering the filter.
Sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an abundant yellow solid element that cycles through the environment in rocks, soil, oceans, atmosphere and living things. The sulfur cycle involves weathering of rocks, uptake by plants and organisms, release through decomposition, emission from natural and human sources, and settling back into the earth or oceans. The sulfur cycle regulates sulfur levels and prevents acid rain, but human emissions have increased atmospheric sulfur and contributed to issues like acid rain and smog.
Sulfur cycle
The sulfur cycle has both sedimentary and gaseous components. Sulfur enters the biosphere through natural processes like rock weathering and volcanic eruptions or through human activities like burning fossil fuels. It cycles through terrestrial and marine environments and can be found in soil, oceans, plants, and animals. Various bacteria play important roles in processing and transforming sulfur as it moves between the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
Sulfur cycle
Sulfur is a bright yellow crystalline solid that is abundant in the environment and essential for life. Most sulfur is found buried in ocean rocks and salts. It plays important roles in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that plants and animals need. The sulfur cycle involves the mineralization, oxidation, reduction and immobilization of sulfur as it moves between organic and inorganic forms in the environment, atmosphere, and biosphere. Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the air, contributing to acid rain formation which erodes both natural and human structures.
Nitrogen cycle in aquatic ecosystem...................................
The nitrogen cycle is essential for life and involves the transformation of nitrogen between various forms through biological and physical processes. In aquatic ecosystems, nitrogen is cycled through four main processes: fixation by bacteria, decay of organic matter by microorganisms, nitrification by nitrifying bacteria, and denitrification by bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Imbalances in the nitrogen cycle can lead to toxicity issues for aquatic life from ammonia or nitrite accumulation. Maintaining the proper functioning of the nitrogen cycle is important for the balance and health of aquatic ecosystems.
Effects of so2 on vegetation
The document discusses sulfur dioxide (SO2), including its physical and chemical properties, sources of emission, and effects. It emits primarily from burning fossil fuels like coal. SO2 dissolves in water to form acid rain, which damages vegetation, property, and causes acidification of soils and lakes. Control techniques discussed include absorption using limestone scrubbers, spray dryer scrubbers, adsorption using lime, and using lower sulfur fuels.
Sulphur cycle
This document summarizes the sulfur cycle. It explains that sulfur is an essential element found in proteins, amino acids, vitamins and enzymes that is important for plant and animal life. It goes through the major steps of the sulfur cycle, including the biological oxidation and reduction of elemental sulfur, assimilation of sulfate by plants, mineralization of organic sulfur sources, and oxidation and reduction of sulfide. The sulfur cycle is essential for transforming sulfur between different forms and transporting it through ecosystems.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is abundant in the atmosphere but not directly usable by plants and animals. The nitrogen cycle describes the biological and chemical processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. These include nitrogen fixation by bacteria, nitrification by other microbes, assimilation by plants, ammonification through decomposition, and denitrification by some bacteria. Human activities like burning fossil fuels, livestock waste, and fertilizer use introduce additional reactive nitrogen into ecosystems, disrupting the natural cycle.
sulfur cycle
Sulfur is an element that plays an important role in ecosystems and industries. It cycles between the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere through both sedimentary and gaseous phases. The global sulfur cycle circulates approximately 300 x 1012 grams of sulfur per year through various natural and human sources and sinks. While natural processes like volcanic eruptions and decomposition release sulfur into the atmosphere, human activities like burning fossil fuels have significantly increased atmospheric sulfur levels since the Industrial Revolution, contributing to issues like acid rain that damage both the environment and man-made structures.
Sulphur cycle
This document discusses the sulfur cycle and transformations of sulfur in nature. It notes that sulfur exists in both organic and inorganic forms in soil, and undergoes four main transformations: decomposition to release inorganic sulfur, microbial immobilization, oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, and reduction of sulfates. Key aspects of the sulfur cycle include mineralization of organic sulfur by microorganisms, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial oxidation of sulfur compounds like sulfides and thiosulfates. Thiobacillus bacteria are important for sulfur oxidation. Sulfate reduction is also discussed.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle consists of 5 main stages:
(1) Ammonification is the conversion of organic nitrogen into ammonium by microbes.
(2) Nitrification is the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and then nitrate by bacteria.
(3) Plants uptake nitrate and convert it into amino acids and other nitrogen compounds.
(4) Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium via bacteria and cyanobacteria.
(5) Denitrification reduces nitrates back to nitrogen gas which re-enters the atmosphere. The nitrogen cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen through air, soil, plants and animals via specialized microbes.
The sulfur cycle PERIOD 3
The sulfur cycle describes the natural process by which sulfur is circulated between its different reservoirs on Earth. Most sulfur is stored underground in rocks and sediments, and is released into the atmosphere through volcanic activity and decomposition. It is absorbed by plants and enters the oceans. Certain algae produce dimethyl sulfide gas which forms sulfuric acid in the atmosphere. Bacteria convert sulfur compounds in wet environments. Human activity such as burning fossil fuels greatly increases the rate of sulfur release into the atmosphere, interrupting the natural cycle and causing environmental damage through acid rain.
Sulphur cycle
The sulfur cycle describes the movement of sulfur through the biosphere and lithosphere. Key points include:
- Sulfur is released by volcanoes as hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide gases.
- Sulfur is oxidized to sulfate and reduced to sulfide as it moves between organisms and the environment.
- Human activities like burning fossil fuels release sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
Nitrogen Cycle
- Harshil Suthar is a student pursuing a F.Y.B.Sc in biotechnology at the government science college.
- The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms as it circulates in the ecosystem. Key processes include nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification.
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium and Azotobacter convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen compounds that can be used by plants and other organisms.
Nitrogen cycle
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle. It discusses the main sources of nitrogen including the atmosphere, soil, fertilizers and volcanic activity. It then describes the key processes in the nitrogen cycle including nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. Nitrogen fixation occurs through symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria. Ammonification and nitrification are multi-step biological processes converting organic and ammonia forms of nitrogen into nitrites and nitrates. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere through bacteria. The factors that impact these nitrogen transformations such as oxygen, temperature, pH and carbon levels are also outlined.
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Nitrogen cycle in aquatic ecosystem...................................
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Similar to Micro organism, our friends or foes.
Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle involves the circulation of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. Nitrogen is essential for life but is biologically unavailable in its atmospheric form. Certain bacteria are able to fix nitrogen by converting it to ammonia. This ammonia can then be converted to nitrites and nitrates through nitrification or incorporated into living things through assimilation. Upon death and decomposition, nitrogen is returned to the soil through ammonification. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere, completing the cycle. Human activities like fossil fuel combustion and excessive fertilizer use have disrupted the nitrogen cycle, contributing to issues like acid rain, eutrophication and algal blooms.
nitrogenmetabolism-201028181632.pdf
This document discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants. It explains that nitrogen is essential for plants and is absorbed from the soil primarily as nitrate or ammonium ions. Nitrogen is also obtained from atmospheric nitrogen through nitrogen fixation, which can occur through physical or biological means. Approximately 10% of nitrogen fixation is physical, such as through lightning, while 90% is biological, carried out by nitrogen-fixing bacteria either freely living or in symbiotic relationships with plants. The document provides details on the processes of biological nitrogen fixation, including nodule formation in legumes, the mechanism of nitrogen reduction to ammonia, and assimilation of ammonia into amino acids in plants.
Nitrogen metabolism
This document discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants. It notes that nitrogen is essential for plants and is absorbed from the soil in nitrate or ammonium forms. Plants obtain nitrogen mainly from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation, which can occur through physical or biological means. About 10% occurs physically through lightning converting nitrogen to nitrates, while 90% is through biological fixation by microorganisms like bacteria and cyanobacteria either freely living or in symbiotic relationships with plants. The document provides details on the mechanisms of biological nitrogen fixation and assimilation of fixed nitrogen into amino acids in plants.
Nitrogen cycle
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle, which is the process by which nitrogen is converted between various chemical forms through biological and physical processes like fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. It discusses how these processes work together in ecosystems and how human activities have significantly impacted the global nitrogen cycle through fossil fuel combustion, fertilizer use, and waste release.
Presentation on biogeochemical cycles 2
The document summarizes key aspects of the nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles. It defines biogeochemical cycles and describes the major types. It then provides details on the nitrogen cycle, including its ecological and biological functions, the processes of nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. It also discusses how human activities have influenced the nitrogen cycle through increased nitrogen fixation and emissions. Similarly, it outlines the phosphorus cycle, its functions, processes, and how human overuse of phosphorus fertilizers has polluted bodies of water and harmed ecosystems.
Nitrogen assimilation in plants
NITROGEN CYCLE
NITROGEN FIXATION
Establishing Symbiosis Requires an Exchange of Signals
NODULE FORMATION
NITROGENASE ENZYME
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The carbon cycle describes the movement of carbon through producers, consumers, and decomposers. Carbon dioxide enters producers through photosynthesis and is consumed by consumers when eating other organisms. Decomposers and respiration return carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The oceans and rocks store large amounts of carbon but exchange it slowly.
The nitrogen cycle involves transformation of nitrogen between organic and inorganic forms by microbes and other organisms. Nitrogen is fixed from the atmosphere by lightning, industrial processes, and microbial activity. Plants and microbes assimilate nitrogen from the soil and it is returned through ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
Nitrogen and phosphorous cycle
This document provides an overview of the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. It begins with the student's name, course details, and introduction to the topic. For nitrogen, it discusses the history of discoveries in the cycle. It then defines the steps of the cycle including nitrogen fixation, assimilation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, and sedimentation. For both nitrogen and phosphorus, it discusses biological and non-biological processes, important molecules and enzymes involved, and the impacts of human activity on accelerating the cycles.
Biogeochemical cycle
The document discusses biogeochemical cycles, specifically the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. It explains that biogeochemical cycles circulate essential chemical elements between living organisms and their surrounding environment, and involve both biological and non-living components. For the nitrogen cycle, it describes the processes of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, and denitrification that transform nitrogen between its various states. For the phosphorus cycle, it notes that phosphorus weathers from rocks into soil and is taken up by plants and animals before eventually returning to sediments through decomposition.
Biogeochemical cycle
Introduction,Definition, Cycling elements, Types of biogeochemical cycle- Gaseous cycle and sedimentary cycle Nitrogen cycle, steps of Nitrogen cycle- Nitrogen fixation, Nitrification, Assimilation Ammonification, and Denitrification and ecological function of nitrogen, use of nitrogen cycle phosphorus cycle, steps of phosphorus cycle, biological functions of phosphorus cycle and other functions of phosphorus and conclusion
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle describes the biological and physical processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms and circulates between terrestrial, marine, and atmospheric ecosystems, driven largely by microbial activity such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification; nitrogen is essential but scarce for biological use, and the nitrogen cycle maintains its abundance through these processes of conversion between its inert atmospheric form and bioavailable forms incorporated into living tissues.
Nitrogen metabolism
1. The document discusses nitrogen metabolism and fixation in plants.
2. It describes how plants obtain nitrogen from the soil and atmosphere, and the processes of converting nitrate to ammonia.
3. There are two types of nitrogen fixation - physical fixation using lightning and UV light, and biological fixation by bacteria and cyanobacteria either symbiotically with plants or freely living in soil.
Nitrogen and sulfur cycles
This document provides a 3-sentence summary of the key points about the nitrogen cycle from a microbial perspective:
The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen moves between its different chemical forms and reservoirs in the biosphere and lithosphere. Microorganisms play a major role in nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification, which are the four main processes by which nitrogen is converted between its various forms. Adequate fixed nitrogen is essential for amino acids, nucleic acids, and cell wall components in many bacteria, and microbes facilitate obtaining nitrogen from the major atmospheric reservoir in its inert dinitrogen gas form.
Nitrogen cycle and NITROGEN FIXATION
Nitrogen is an essential element that cycles through various forms in the environment. The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification processes carried out by microorganisms. Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonium which can then be used by plants and other organisms. Ammonification and nitrification convert organic nitrogen and ammonium into nitrates. Denitrification returns nitrogen to the atmosphere as nitrogen gas. The nitrogen cycle is crucial for ecosystems as it makes nitrogen available to support primary production.
microbes involved in nitrogen fixation
Nitrogen is essential for plant growth but plants can only use nitrogen in reduced forms. Biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by specialized prokaryotes that use the enzyme nitrogenase to convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia. These nitrogen-fixing organisms include cyanobacteria, free-living soil bacteria, and bacteria that form associations or symbioses with plants. The most important symbiosis is between rhizobia bacteria and legumes which helps to naturally fertilize soils.
Biogeochemical cycles
biogeochemical cycle,carbon,nirogen,sulfur and the microbes involved in it.The effect of biogeochemical cycle in environment
Unit III- Nitrogen metabolism and Growth
1. The document discusses nitrogen metabolism in plants and the nitrogen cycle. It describes how plants absorb nitrogen from the soil, the forms of nitrogen absorbed, and the processes of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification.
2. Key parts of the nitrogen cycle described are ammonification, nitrification, nitrate assimilation, and biological and non-biological nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is required for important molecules like amino acids and proteins.
3. The nitrogen cycle is essential for life and involves the natural processes by which nitrogen circulates between the atmosphere, soil, plants, and animals.
Ecology ecosystem
The document summarizes the nitrogen cycle, which is the biogeochemical process by which nitrogen is converted between different chemical forms and moves through ecosystems. Key points include: (1) nitrogen is essential for life but most organisms cannot use atmospheric nitrogen, (2) microorganisms drive five processes - fixation, uptake, mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification - that convert nitrogen into biologically available forms, and (3) human activity such as fertilizer use has increased nitrogen fixation and altered the global nitrogen cycle, with environmental consequences like water pollution and coastal eutrophication.
Nitrogen m pr
Decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter and release nutrients back into the soil. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that is recycled through a nitrogen cycle. This involves nitrogen fixation by bacteria, assimilation by plants, ammonification through decomposition, nitrification by special bacteria, and denitrification which returns nitrogen to the atmosphere. Maintaining this nitrogen cycle is important for supporting new plant growth in ecosystems.
Agri micro
Microbes play a key role in biogeochemical cycles by facilitating the conversion of elements like nitrogen into biologically useful forms. The nitrogen cycle involves nitrogen fixation by bacteria, assimilation by plants, ammonification by microbes breaking down organic matter, nitrification of ammonia to nitrites and nitrates by other microbes, denitrification of nitrates back to nitrogen gas, and sedimentation of nitrogen compounds. Nitrogen is fixed from the atmosphere by lightning, industrial processes, and symbiotic and free-living bacteria, and it is then incorporated into living tissues through assimilation or converted between forms like ammonium, nitrite and nitrate by a variety of microorganisms in the soil.
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Micro organism, our friends or foes.
- 17. Algae are a group of oxygenic, phototrophic, eukaryotic microorganisms. Algae have a nucleus, exist as microscopic cells, and generate oxygen through photosynthesis. The majority of algae use chlorophyll a as the dominant photosynthetic pigment.
- 25. Can you name this virus?
- 38. • N2 is reduced to NH3 via biological or industrial nitrogen fixation, providing nitrogen fertilizer for plants. • nitrogen added to fields - most of which is in the form of NH3 and NO3 - - only 30-50% is taken up by plants. • the remainder being metabolized by soil microbes in processes with detrimental environmental impacts.
- 39. NITRIFICATION, Refers To The Biological Oxidation Of NH3 To NO2 - And NO3 -, Which Have Low Retention In Soil And Pollute The Waterways, Leading To Downstream Eutrophication. denitrification, NO2 - and NO3 - undergo stepwise reduction to N2O and N2. Significant amounts of the N2O produced in this process escape into the atmosphere, contributing to climate change and ozone destruction.