This document discusses adult learning and knowledge management. It contrasts pedagogy and andragogy, noting that andragogy involves independent and experienced learners who help shape the content. Tacit and explicit knowledge are also contrasted, with tacit knowledge being difficult to formalize and share compared to explicit knowledge. Barriers to knowledge sharing include knowledge hoarding, lack of credit, and lack of sharing mechanisms. Knowledge management can benefit organizations by facilitating organizational learning and improving learning signatures if barriers are addressed.

1. ACE - School Leadership
Adult learning &
Knowledge Management
Dr Muavia Gallie (PhD)
25 November 2009
MGSLG - Benoni Office
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1.1 Pedagogy versus Androgogy
Pedagogy Androgogy
It is the method of teaching It is the method of teaching adults.
children.
Learners are dependent. Learners are independent.
Learners have less or no Learners are experienced, hence
experience to share, hence teaching involves discussion, problem
teaching becomes didactic. solving, etc.
Learners learn whatever the The content has to be modified
curriculum offers. according to the learner’s need.
Teachers are required to direct The learners are self-motivated.
the learner. Learners need teachers’ guidance.
Learning is curriculum oriented. Learning is goal oriented. 2
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2. 1.2 Adult Learning --
n
tio
Fe
cia
eli
so
ng
As
Facts s
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Information
1.3 Motivational Learning
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3. 1.4 Tacit versus Explicit Knowledge
Characteristics Tacit Explicit
Nature Personal, context specific Can be codified and explicated
Formalization Difficult to formalise, record, encode Can be codified and transmitted in a
or articulate systematic and formal language
Development process Trial and error encountered in Explication of tacit understanding
practice and interpretation of information
Location People’s mind Documents, databases, web pages,
e-mails, charts, etc.
Conversion process Converted to explicit through Converted back to tacit through
externalization that is often driven by understanding and absorption
metaphors and analogy
IT support Hard to manage, share, or support Well supported by existing IT
with IT
Medium needed Needs a rich communication medium Can be transferred through
conventional electronic channel
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1.5 Why do people not share
what they know?
Causes Cultural Reward
Knowledge hoarding is considered a source of job security
Fear of not getting credit and suspicion
Loss of ownership of expertise
Fear of making mistakes
Lack of comprehension of value of possessed knowledge
Lack of time to share insights, knowledge, “war stories” and
experiences
Lack of knowledge sharing mechanisms
Unwillingness to use existing technology to share knowledge
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4. 1.6 Knowledge Management
Stages
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1.7 Knowledge Management Benefits
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5. 1.8 Knowledge Management Dimensions
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2.1 Self-Design Strategy
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6. 2.2 Organizational Learning:
An Integrative Framework
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3.3
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7. Learning Signature
(Business Lab, 2002)
Attribute:
•is taking place;
•is unused or
unconsidered;
•has a barrier.
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