The document discusses various meteorological instruments and their units of measurement, including barometers for atmospheric pressure, rain gauges for rainfall, and hygrometers for humidity. It emphasizes the importance of weather measurement for warnings in agriculture, marine, and air traffic, and highlights the cultural significance of weather understanding among Indigenous Australians. The historical context includes a description of the six weather seasons recognized by the Bininj people in Kakadu National Park.

1. MeteorologyInstruments and units of measurementMeasuring the weather

2. Why measure the weather?Stock Warnings Crop WarningsMarine and Boating WarningsAir trafficForecasting to the general publicMore information on why we measure the weather

3. How do we measure Atmospheric pressure?BarometerThe Barometer measures atmospheric pressure (the weight of the air in the atmosphere).The unit of measurement is ‘Hectopascal or Millibar’

4. How do we measure rainfall?Rain gaugeUnit of measurement is millimetres (mm)

5. How do we measure humidity?HygrometerRelative Humidity (RH) is expressed as a percentage (%)

6. How do we measure wind speed?AnemometerWind speed is measured in km/PH or knotsBeaufort Wind Scale

7. How do we record wind direction?We use a Windsock or WeathervaneS.W.E.N.South, West, East or North

8. How to we record the temperature?ThermometerTemperature is recorded in degrees Celcius - ºC

9. How do we record sunshine?We use a Campbell-Stokes recorder to record the hours of sunshine each day. A 3D view of a Campbell Stoked recorder (requires Quicktime)Information on the Campbell Stokes recorder

10. Indigenous Australians and weather Over the last 50,000 + Aboriginal Australians have developed a culture in which all things past and present are interrelated, including the weather, landscape and previous generations, together with the plant and animal kingdoms.All these are connected as a continuum in which everything is placed in a proper order and has distinct meaning and relevance.Climate and weather are vital parts of this continuum, and are largely controlled by supernatural forces which manifest themselves through the behaviour of the surrounding natural world.This knowledge has enabled Aboriginal Australians to survive in sometimes incredibly adverse conditions. Source: http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/kakadu/nature-science/seasons.html

11. The six weather seasons of Kakadu National Park as defined by the Bininj people.Source: http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/kakadu/nature-science/seasons.html