The document discusses minerals found in the Earth's crust. It describes that minerals exist as either natural elements or compounds, with examples like gold and limestone provided. Key properties of minerals that are described include their hardness, solubility in water, and how they are affected by heat. In particular, it notes that most minerals are insoluble in water, and that metal oxides are stable under heat while sulphides and carbonates will break down into other substances when heated.
The six minerals amphibole, feldspar, mica, olivine, pyroxene, and quartz are the most common rock-forming minerals and are used as important tools in classifying rocks, particularly igneous rocks. This document provides an overview of the six commonest rock-forming minerals.
Quartz is found in almost every geological environment. It is a common constituent in most of the rock types and soil groups. Granite, sandstone, limestone, and most of the igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks contain quartz. Quartz contains mainly oxygen and silicon. These two constituents make upto 75 % of the earth’s crust. An alternate name for the Quartz Group is the Silica Group.
The six minerals amphibole, feldspar, mica, olivine, pyroxene, and quartz are the most common rock-forming minerals and are used as important tools in classifying rocks, particularly igneous rocks. This document provides an overview of the six commonest rock-forming minerals.
Quartz is found in almost every geological environment. It is a common constituent in most of the rock types and soil groups. Granite, sandstone, limestone, and most of the igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks contain quartz. Quartz contains mainly oxygen and silicon. These two constituents make upto 75 % of the earth’s crust. An alternate name for the Quartz Group is the Silica Group.
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This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the definition and the properties of the different classification of minerals.
All about minerals , uses, advantages and more..pptkazzvinluan326
Title: The Fascinating World of Minerals
Introduction:
Minerals are an integral part of our everyday lives, playing crucial roles in various industries and providing us with essential resources. This PowerPoint report aims to explore the fascinating world of minerals, shedding light on their formation, properties, and applications. Let's embark on a journey to discover the wonders hidden within the Earth's crust.
1. What are Minerals?
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances that possess a definite chemical composition and crystalline structure. They are formed through geological processes over millions of years. Minerals can be found in rocks, ores, and even in the soil, and they come in a wide range of colors, shapes, and sizes.
2. Mineral Formation:
Minerals are formed through various processes, including crystallization from magma or lava, precipitation from solution, and metamorphism. The conditions under which minerals form greatly influence their properties. For example, diamonds are formed under intense heat and pressure, while halite (common salt) is formed by the evaporation of seawater.
3. Properties of Minerals:
Each mineral has unique physical and chemical properties that distinguish it from others. Some common properties include hardness, luster, cleavage, streak, and specific gravity. These properties are used to identify minerals and determine their suitability for different applications.
4. Industrial Applications:
Minerals are essential in numerous industries, including construction, electronics, energy, and manufacturing. For instance, quartz is used in the production of glass and electronics, while gypsum is used in construction materials like drywall. Copper, a vital mineral, is extensively used in electrical wiring and plumbing.
5. Economic Significance:
Minerals have significant economic value, contributing to a country's wealth and development. Mineral-rich countries often rely on mining activities to extract and export valuable resources. However, it is important to strike a balance between economic benefits and environmental sustainability.
6. Environmental Impact:
Mining activities can have adverse environmental impacts, such as habitat destruction, water pollution, and soil erosion. Sustainable mining practices and proper reclamation efforts are crucial to mitigate these effects and ensure the long-term health of our ecosystems.
Conclusion:
Minerals are not only beautiful and intriguing but also vital for our modern way of life. From the construction of buildings to the production of electronics, minerals play a fundamental role in various industries. However, it is essential to extract and utilize these resources responsibly, considering both economic benefits and environmental sustainability. By understanding and appreciating the world of minerals, we can make informed decisions to safeguard our planet's resources for future generations.
2. 6.1 Minerals in the Earth’s Crust
• Rocks are made up of minerals found in the Earth’s crust
• Mineral: any solid element or compound that is found
naturally in the Earth’s crust
• Examples of minerals: gold, limestone (calcium carbonate),
silver and etc.
3. • Minerals exist in the form of natural elements
or natural compounds.
• Only a small amount of minerals exist in the
earth’s crust as natural elements.
• Eg of natural elements: gold, silver, platinum
• Most of the minerals exist in the form of
natural compounds
• Eg: oxides, sulphides, carbonates and silicates
4. Elements present in minerals that are
found as natural compounds
Natural compound Mineral Elements
Oxide Haematite Iron, oxygen
Cassiterite Tin, oxygen
Carbonate Calcite Calcium, oxygen. Oxygen
Malachite Copper, carbon, oxygen
Sulphide Iron pyrite Iron, sulphur
Galena Lead, sulphur
Silicate China clay Aluminium, silicon, oxygen
Calcium silicate Calcium, silicon, oxygen
5. Properties of minerals
• Each of the mineral has its own properties.
• Different composition of minerals generally
possess the following properties:
– Hardness
– Solubility in water
– Effect of heat
6. Hardness of minerals
• Generally, minerals are hard
• All mineral oxides, sulphides and carbonates
are hard but the hardest mineral is the
diamond
7. Solubility of minerals in water
• Most minerals are insoluble in water
• Only oxides, sulphides and carbonates of
potassium and sodium are soluble in water.
8. Action of heat on minerals
Metal oxides
• Most metal oxides are stable in high
temperature.
• They do not break down when heated
Metal sulphides
• When heated, sulphides break down to metal
oxides and sulphur dioxide is released.
heated
Metal sulphide metal oxide + sulphur dioxide
9. Metal carbonates
• When heated, carbonates break down to
metal oxides and carbon dioxide is released.
• The carbon dioxide produced turns limewater
cloudy.
heated
Metal carbonate metal oxide + carbon dioxide