This document discusses various metal forming processes including forging, rolling, drawing, and extrusion. It provides details on:
1) Hot and cold working of metals, types of forging processes, characteristics of forging, types of forging machines, and common forging operations.
2) Types of rolling mills and rolling processes like flat strip rolling and shape rolling. It also discusses defects in rolled parts.
3) Principles and types of drawing and extrusion processes. Drawing processes include wire, rod, tube, and deep drawing. Extrusion can be hot or cold.
Here you will find manufacturers,suppliers and exporters of hot rolling mills from India. These mill are used mainly to produce sheet metal or simple cross sections such as rail road bars from billets.
Specifications of lapping, honing and broaching machineKaran Prajapati
This slide is prepared with the collective effort of Karan Prajapati, Athar Kothawal, Yudhishthir Ramnani and Samiraj Anupam who are doing B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering at School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. The presentation describes the main terms of specifications in lapping, honing and broaching machines and also explaining the respective manufacturing processes. These machines are used for super-finishing processes.
For over 85 years, Roller Die + Forming has been providing custom roll formed, stamped, powder coated and assembled metal parts, using lean manufacturing processes.
Rolling Process under Metal Forming Process was presented in the article in a detailed way. For more details, Visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/metal-forming-process-rolling-forging-extrusion-principle-applications/
it is about all rolling processes and it's classification and there are many types of mills used in the rolling process furthermore it also includes sheet rolling process too.
Hot working and cold working of metals – Forging processes – Open, impression and closed die forging – Types of Forging Machines – Typical forging operations. Rolling of metals– Types of Rolling – Flat strip rolling – shape rolling operations – Defects in rolled parts. Principle of rod and wire drawing – Tube drawing – Principles and types of Extrusion – Hot and Cold extrusion.
Here you will find manufacturers,suppliers and exporters of hot rolling mills from India. These mill are used mainly to produce sheet metal or simple cross sections such as rail road bars from billets.
Specifications of lapping, honing and broaching machineKaran Prajapati
This slide is prepared with the collective effort of Karan Prajapati, Athar Kothawal, Yudhishthir Ramnani and Samiraj Anupam who are doing B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering at School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University. The presentation describes the main terms of specifications in lapping, honing and broaching machines and also explaining the respective manufacturing processes. These machines are used for super-finishing processes.
For over 85 years, Roller Die + Forming has been providing custom roll formed, stamped, powder coated and assembled metal parts, using lean manufacturing processes.
Rolling Process under Metal Forming Process was presented in the article in a detailed way. For more details, Visit https://mechanicalstudents.com/metal-forming-process-rolling-forging-extrusion-principle-applications/
it is about all rolling processes and it's classification and there are many types of mills used in the rolling process furthermore it also includes sheet rolling process too.
Hot working and cold working of metals – Forging processes – Open, impression and closed die forging – Types of Forging Machines – Typical forging operations. Rolling of metals– Types of Rolling – Flat strip rolling – shape rolling operations – Defects in rolled parts. Principle of rod and wire drawing – Tube drawing – Principles and types of Extrusion – Hot and Cold extrusion.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
METAL FORMING PROCESSES
1. METAL FORMING PROCESSES
Hot working and cold working of metals – Forging processes – Open,
impression and closed die forging – Characteristics of the process – Types of
Forging Machines – Typical forging operations – Rolling of metals – Types
of Rolling mills - Flat strip rolling – Shape rolling operations – Defects in
rolled parts - Principle of rod and wire drawing -Tube drawing –– Principles
of Extrusion – Types of Extrusion – Hot and Cold extrusion – Equipments
used.
2. HOT WORKING OF METALS
Mechanical working of a metal above the recrystallization temperature
but below the melting point.
Plastic deformation of metals and alloys under the condition of
temperature and strain rate.
Recrystallization temperature is 30 to 40% of melting temperature.
In this process, Metal is heated above the RT with 0.7 to 0.9 times of the
melting temperature.
TYPES OF HOT WORKING PROCESS
-Hot forging
-Hot Rolling
-Hot Extrusions
-Drawing
-Swaging
-Hot Spinning
3. COLD WORKING OF METALS
Plastic deformation of a metal to the required shape being performed
below the recrystallization temperature.
Process will work under room temperature.
RT – “Minimum temperature at which the complete recrystallization of
a metal takes place with in a specified time”
TYPES OF COLD WORKING PROCESS
- Drawing
- Squeezing
- Bending
4. 1.0 Drawing
- Blank Drawing
Cutting a flat shape from the metal.
-Tube Drawing
Tube piercing is nothing but tube drawing
-Embossing
Process of making raised or projected design
on the surface of the metal.
-Wire Drawing
Diameter less than 16mm has drawn in the
form of wire coil.
-Metal Spinning
5. 2.0 Squeezing
- Coining
-Sizing
Size the metal to required shapes
-Swaging
It is used for producing rounded
components through radial impact forces
by reciprocating dies.
-Knurling
The rolls are pressed radially against the
rotating work piece, to make grip on the
handles.
6. 3.0 Bending
Bend into Desired shape like rods, wires, bars
- Plate Bending
Large Plates are bent to shapes
- Roll Forming
-It carries three rolls, Two are fixed and the third one is adjustable.
Diameter of all rolls are same.
- Angle Bending
Angles, Circles, Ovals
7. FORGING PROCESSES
The desired shape is obtained by the application of a compressive force.
Types
1.0 Smith or Open die Forging
The forging is done in a heated work at the proper temperature by
placing on flat surface anvil through hammering the metal piece.
a) Hand Forging
b) Power Forging
11. TYPES OF FORGING MACHINES
1.0 Air and Steam Hammer
a) Air Hammer
It using air or steam.
- Single acting hammer – Air pressure is used to lift the ram only.
- Double acting hammer – Air pressure is used to lift the ram and
Impact the work piece.
12. 1.0 Air and Steam Hammer
b) Steam Hammer
It using air or steam.
- Single acting hammer – Air pressure is used for light work.
- Double acting hammer – Air pressure is used for heavy work.
13. 2.0 Mechanical Hammer
a) Helve Hammer
b) Trip Hammer
The reciprocating ram is the main part and it is toggle. The stroke length
various from 175 to 400blows/min.
14. 2.0 Mechanical Hammer
c) Level Spring Hammer
d) Pneumatic Hammer
An elastic rod is used to operate the ram. The stroke length various from 40
to 200blows/min.
15. TYPES OF FORGING OPERATIONS
1.0 Upsetting
The metal is heated at one end and the force is applied on the other
end by using hammer. The cross sectional area will increase and length will
decrease.
16. TYPES OF FORGING OPERATIONS
3.0 Punching
In this process, making of a hole in a
given job.
4.0 Bending
In this process, shapes like angles,
ovals and circle can be made.
2.0 Drawing Down
In this process, the cross
sectional area will decrease and length will
increase.
17. TYPES OF FORGING OPERATIONS
6.0 Forge Welding
Joining the work pieces by forging
operation.
7.0 Piercing
Making a blind or through holes with the help of a punch in the metal.
5.0 Cutting
Removal of excess metal from the work.
18. TYPES OF FORGING OPERATIONS
8.0 Swaging
Reducing or changing the cross sectional area of the metal.
9.0 Flattering
Used to flat the stock and that the stock is fitted properly in the closed die.
10.0 Fullering
Reducing the stock and increasing the length of the work piece by applying
pressure.
19. ROLLING OF METALS
Deforming the metal into semi finished or finished condition by passing the metal
piece in between the two rollers.
22. Problem 1:
A 300 mm wide strip 25 mm thick is fed
through a rolling mill with two powered rolls each
od radius = 250mm. The work thickness is to be
reduced to 22 mm in one pass at a roll speed of 50
rev / min. The work material has a flow curve
defined by K = 275MPa and n = 0.15 and the
coefficient of friction between rolls and work is
assumed to be 0.12. Determine if the friction is
sufficient to permit the rolling operation to be
accomplished. If so, calculate the roll force,
torque and horsepower.
23.
24.
25.
26. Classification of Rolling Based on Number of Rolls
1.0 Two high rolling mill 2.0 Three high rolling mill
27. Classification of Rolling Based on Number of Rolls
3.0 Four high rolling mill 4.0 Multiple roll mills
30. SHAPE ROLLING OPERATIONS
1.0 Ring rolling
A thick ring is expanded into a large diameter ring with a reduced cross
section. The ring is placed in between two rolls and one of the roll is driven , ring
thickness is reduced.
Advantages:
-Close tolerances
-Material Saving
- Short production times
31. SHAPE ROLLING OPERATIONS
2.0 Thread rolling
Straight or tapered threads are formed. Threads are formed on the rod ,
with each stroke of a pair of flat reciprocating dies
Advantages:
-Surface finish
good
-Long life
- Thread strength
is good
32. DEFECTS IN ROLLED PARTS
1.0 Surface Defects
It includes scale, rust, cracks and pits due to impurities and inclusion
2.0 Internal Structural Defects
Strain on the material should adjust.
33. DEFECTS IN ROLLED PARTS
3.0 Other Defects
a) Homogeneous deformation of element across the width
Due to decrease in thickness for the elements near the centre will be mainly converted
into increase in length and near the edge the decrease in thickness is converted into
lateral spread.
b) Homogeneous deformation in the thickness section
Due to reduction in height is converted into increase in length and the thickness of the
sheet does not undergo the same lateral deformation.
c) Folds
It is created during plate rolling if the reduction per pass is very small.
d) Lamination
Due to incomplete welding of pipe and blowholes during the rolling process the internal
defects such as fissures are created.
41. EXTRUSION
Heated metal is compressed
and forced through a suitable
shaped die – Hot Extrusion.
Cold extrusion is non heated
metal but force is required
and used for commercial
metals.