Mesopotamia 1b
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Bilngüismo 1º de la ESO. Social Sciences. Presentation about this period of History. Colegio Nstra Sra de la Fuencisla
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The Sumerians established one of the earliest known civilizations in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the 5th millennium BCE. They developed cuneiform, one of the world's first systems of writing, leaving behind a written record of their achievements. The Sumerians lived in city-states like Ur and Uruk, centered around ziggurats and engaged in irrigation-based agriculture along the rivers. They established complex religious and legal systems and some of the first schools, leaving a lasting cultural legacy despite the original origins and language of the Sumerian people remaining unknown.
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The document provides an overview of the history of architecture from prehistoric times through various styles and periods. It begins with a summary of prehistoric architecture such as megalithic structures like Stonehenge. It then discusses the Near East, including ziggurats and palaces of Mesopotamia and Persia. Next it covers Egyptian architecture defined by pharaonic rule and religion, with stone monuments and tombs like the pyramids serving as examples.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, was home to some of the earliest civilizations including Sumer and later Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria. Sumerian cities like Ur featured ziggurats, temples dedicated to gods, and homes made of mudbricks. Around 3000 BC, Sumerians developed cuneiform writing and specialized labor led to social classes. The Epic of Gilgamesh details Sumerian beliefs. Later rulers like Hammurabi of Babylon and Cyrus of Persia expanded control over Mesopotamia.
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Ancient art
Ancient art refers to creative works from early civilizations where history was first recorded, including those in China, India, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, and Egypt. Prehistoric art from the Stone Age includes cave paintings from as early as 16,000 BC featuring animals and pictographs found in places like Lascaux, France and Altamira, Spain. Early civilizations like the Sumerians in Mesopotamia established writing systems and religious structures like ziggurats, while the Egyptians are renowned for their mummification practices, hieroglyphics, pyramid tombs for pharaohs, and sculptures and paintings found therein.
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization arose on the island of Crete around 1700 BC and lasted until around 1100 BC. It was a highly advanced Bronze Age civilization that was rediscovered in the early 20th century through archaeological excavations. The Minoans built large palatial complexes that served administrative and religious functions. They engaged in extensive overseas trade and spread Minoan culture throughout the Aegean Sea. Minoan society placed great emphasis on art, architecture, and leisure activities like sports. The Minoan civilization declined around 1100 BC, possibly due to a volcanic eruption or invasion.
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Unit 1. Prehistory
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Neolithic - Settlements emerged as humans transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle, growing crops and domesticating animals. Rock art depicted hunting and ceremonies.
Metal Ages - The emergence of metallurgy led to stronger tools and weapons from copper, bronze and iron. Trade increased and the first cities developed with specialized labor and hierarchical societies. Megalithic monuments like stone circles and dolmens were constructed.
Mayans Achievements
The Mayan civilization achieved many great accomplishments, including building monuments, temples, and pyramids. They developed one of the first written languages in Mesoamerica using hieroglyphics, and had sophisticated calendars. However, around 900 AD the Mayan civilization mysteriously collapsed, with many of their cities being abandoned. The exact reasons for the collapse are unknown, but theories include warfare, drought, climate change, and overpopulation placing stress on resources.
Unit 1 Foundations Overview
The document provides an overview of early civilizations from 8000 BCE to 600 CE. It describes the transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies beginning around 8000 BCE, marking the start of the Neolithic era. Early civilizations developed independently in river valleys including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, China, and Mesoamerica. These civilizations were characterized by cities, centralized governments, social classes, job specialization, writing systems, trade networks, and religious and philosophical belief systems. Major classical empires that arose during this period include Greece, Rome, various Chinese dynasties, India's Mauryan Empire, and the Maya in Mesoamerica.
Unit 1. prehistory
This document provides an overview of prehistory from 2.5 million years ago until the invention of writing around 3500 BC. It discusses key periods of prehistory including the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The Paleolithic period saw the earliest humans who lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers, using stone tools and creating cave paintings. During the Neolithic period, around 9000 BC, humans transitioned to living in permanent settlements and began farming, leading to the development of the first villages. New tools were developed for agriculture and crafts like pottery and weaving emerged. The document also notes the Metal Ages between 7000-3500 BC when humans started using metals like copper and bronze to make
Unit 1. Prehistory
Paleolithic, Neolithic, and Metal Ages were the main periods of Prehistory. During Paleolithic, nomadic hunter-gatherers lived in caves and used stone tools. In Neolithic, the development of agriculture led to permanent settlements like villages and new tools. The Metal Ages brought new technologies like copper, bronze and iron tools as well as the first cities with specialized labor and social hierarchy.
Egypt 1a
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Maya civilization
This presentation talk about the Mayan Civilization.
The Mayan civilization was developed in the region of Mesoamerica, including the southwest of Mexico, Guatemala and Belize, and the west of El Salvador and Honduras.
HISTORY OF DESIGN COMPILED BY ADEEBA AFREEN
The document provides information on ancient Egyptian civilization from 3500 BC to 300 BC. It details that Egyptians developed an advanced civilization along the Nile River, with major achievements in architecture, art, mathematics, and more. They built large pyramids, temples and obelisks from stone as tombs for pharaohs and tributes to gods. Egyptian art was characterized by order and symmetry with figures depicted in sizes according to social hierarchy. Furniture included wooden chairs, stools and beds decorated with carvings and symbolic motifs.
Unit 1. Prehistory
1. Prehistory is divided into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. During the Stone Age (Paleolithic and Neolithic periods), humans lived as hunter-gatherers and began farming, respectively.
2. The Neolithic period saw the rise of permanent settlements as people transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle. Megalithic structures like dolmens and stone circles emerged.
3. During the Metal Ages, people developed new technologies using copper, bronze, and iron. Trade increased and complex societies with specialized labor developed, leading to the formation of early cities.
Prehistory
1. Prehistory is divided into the Stone Age, Neolithic, and Metal Ages based on advances in technology.
2. The Palaeolithic period saw early humans as hunter-gatherers who lived nomadically in tribes and used stone tools. They created cave paintings and portable art.
3. In the Neolithic period, the development of agriculture and livestock domestication led to permanent settlements and the rise of the first villages as people became sedentary producers. Tools were polished stone.
4. The Metal Ages saw the rise of copper, bronze, and iron tools, bringing technological advances and social changes including new trade routes, specialized labor, and a more hierarchical society with wealth inequality. Megal
Prehistory
1. The document provides an overview of prehistory, beginning with the earliest humans over 2.5 million years ago and ending around 3,500 BC with the invention of writing.
2. Prehistory is divided into the Stone Age (lower, middle, upper Paleolithic and Neolithic periods) and the Metal Ages (Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages).
3. During the Neolithic period, around 9,000-7,000 years ago, humans transitioned from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled farmers and villagers with the development of agriculture and livestock domestication.
Prehistory
1. This document provides an overview of prehistory, beginning with the earliest humans over 2.5 million years ago and ending around 3,500 BC with the introduction of writing.
2. It divides prehistory into the Stone Age (Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic) and Metal Ages (Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age).
3. Key developments included the first humans standing upright and using tools in the Paleolithic, the introduction of agriculture and permanent settlements in the Neolithic, and the use of metals in tool-making during the different Metal Ages.
Clo2 early writing
- Early humans in Africa began developing writing systems as far back as 30,000 years ago, making marks and symbols on cave walls to communicate ideas. These early forms of visual communication evolved into more complex systems over thousands of years.
- In Mesopotamia, the Sumerians invented one of the earliest systems of writing called cuneiform around 3100 BC. They developed pictographs carved into clay tablets using reed styluses. Over time, the pictographs became more abstract and took the wedge-shaped (cuneiform) form. Cuneiform was widely adopted across Mesopotamian civilizations and used to record laws, contracts, and other important documents.
- Cylinder
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Mesopotamia 1b
- 1. MESOPOTA MIABy Isabel Conde, Paula Tejedor, Pablo Salinas and Sara Marín 6000 BC - 30 BC
- 2. INDEX ● Culture -Art Architecture Sculture -Religion -Writing -Historical Place -Astronomy -Food and cloths -Inventions -Anecdotes ● Social Groups ● Economy ● Political Organization ● Lanscapes
- 3. CULTURE The culture in Mesopotamia is very important. In the culture they have: -The art (architecture, sculpture…) -The religion -Astronomy -Food and clothes…
- 4. Art The art in Mesopotamia is divided in: -Sculpture -Architecture
- 5. Architecture In Mesopotamia used little stone and a lot of clay The Arch The Vault The Ziggurat have differents things.The priest lived in the Ziggurat and controlled the harvest trade and taxes.
- 6. Sculpture Prince Gudea frieze of Arches Low relief Ashurbanipal (2.120 BC) (500 BC) (2.550-2.500 BC) (668-627 BC) The stone was a luxury material. There are Egyptian sculptures, sumerian, Assyrian, Mesopotamian
- 7. Religion Mesopotamian people were polytheist. They create in lots of gods. They had one god for thing.
- 8. Historical objects. These are the most important historical objects:
- 9. Social groups This is the social group´s pyramid He made laws and organized the army KING Take care of temples NOBLES AND PRIESTS CIVIL SERVANTS AND SCRIBES FARMERS, PEASANTS, CRAFTSMEN AND SOLDIERS SLAVES
- 10. Anecdotes ·They didn't believe in afterlife. ·A king built the “Hanging Gardens” for his wife. ·They had a god for the pick. ·They pay their soldiers with good money.
- 11. Food and Clothes Clothes: In Mesopotamia clothes were clear and spacious for the hot in summer. Food: The most important food in Mesopotamia were the fish. THe meat that they ate were: cows, sheeps...
- 12. ECONOMY The economy of Mesopotamia are two factors: Agriculture: They cultivated: Barley, wheat, peas, olive tree... Trade: They sell cereals and wooll. They exchange by the barter.
- 13. Inventions. Have: -The wheel -Lunar calendar -Writing -The plow -Adobe brick k
- 14. Writing PICTOGRAM: -The first writing system used symbols to represent objects and concepts.The drawing shows how people wrote on clay tablets. -The sumerians used pictograms. CUNEIFORM: -They were written on tablets of wet clay. -There were 2000 different cuneiform signs. -This writing was development to a person called Pietro Della Valle.
- 15. ASTRONOMY The people used astronomy to guide themselves in their journey
- 16. Empires AKKADIAN EMPIRE: King Sargon took the control BABYLONIAN EMPIRE: The city of Babylonia took the control over all the rest of mesopotamian cities ASSYRIAN EMPIRE: This empire stretched from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea PERSIAN EMPIRE: This empire extended to the Indus River
- 17. Political organization These were the political organization: 1º: the king 2º: leading group ( priest, army, traders…) 3º: free people ( peasants, livestocks…) 4º: Slaves
- 18. Landscapes Landscape were green and usually were hot. In winter were more colder than in summer.
Editor's Notes
- asi vale