The document outlines the evolution of technology and its impact on human society, from the origins of tools and communication in the Stone Age to the rise of civilizations driven by agriculture, metallurgy, and trade. It highlights key technological advancements and their contributions from various ancient cultures, such as the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Greeks, Indians, and Chinese. The narrative emphasizes the role of technology in shaping social structures and the continuous journey of human progress.

1. Technology and society Rajeevan.K.P Principal,GWPC Kozhikode.

2. #1.The beginnings. Chapter contents Origins of tech-role in the history of human progress-hunter gatherers to farmers.crafts and trades-with new tech.-finally to division of labour & specialisation-beginnings of civilisations.

3. Beginnings.. The technology of present..cells,cars,space… Why we should study the long journey ? Wright brothers(1903)-1776 steam-1804-first railway… People lived happily even earlier-thyagaraja,lalidasa,charaka,susrutha… Akbar,asoka,alexander the great.. Pyramid-4500 years back. TO REALIZE THE STRUGGLE AND HARD WORK AND TO PAY HUMBLE TRIBUTE

4. ORIGINS Stone-throw-then sharpen as tool-some easy.. Discovery of fire-make & keep it alive.( Fire using and tool making animal..journey..) Invention of bow-extended reach-string-musical note.. Evolution of communication –language Improved weapons: spear,throwing stick(boomerang)-dexerity- craftmen-”Man the maker”(homo faber) Equipments-bags&buckets,hooks,harpoons… THIS STAGE CALLED OLD STONE AGE-LASTED>2lac yrs-then came serious crisis.

5. Agri-revolution Hunter to farmer-scarcity of animals- Man beating tne natural law of imbalance. To cereals-systemic sowing.- agriculture Agri-changed the life- hunter moves-agri stationed.-settlements. Harvest-store -stock of grains-safety-robbery-necessitated bldgs. Agriculture-techniques - plowing,sowingreaping,threshing.. N ew crafts & trades-pottery,animal hus… Separation of jobs-Urban-rural

6. Civilization begins.. Civilization from-Latin civitas-cities -New stone age. Old stone age-lasted long.harmony of man and nature-tech. unchanged. NSA-level of tech different.more food security,more leisure,flowering of human spirit. Stable equilibrium-continued there..no swit-chover.

7. Civilizations.. First cities-6000yrs ago-banks of rivers. Eg.. Used metallic tools& weapons-bronze?..age! Cities with bro-weapons aquired more villages-war.-led to large empires :sumerians,egiptians,shang dynasty-china.. New tech-due to :food security, war & trade, specializations. Metal working-copper & bronze-malleable-can shape-sheets-pieces. Art of melting, casting..- metallurgy.

8. Civilizations.. First engineers-metal workers-special status. By 300BC-use of oxen-animal fertiliser-mens Control over animals-carry loads-WHEEL. Boats driven by sails-egypt.-exp of trade Import & export of craft goods. Merchants & artisans became rich. Potters wheel-Men & women.

9. revisit Increased specialization Gender roles Org of society-agri ,craft King-war lord-priests Power of wealth.

10. Contributions of the Ancient Civilizations…

11. Ancient civilisations.. Chapter content Contributions of Mesopotamians, egyptians, Greeks,Indians and the Chinese to the development of technology. Mesopotamians-irrigation &bldg. Egyptians-huge pyramids,crafts:weaving,painting,art. Indus valley-Town planning,-later metallurgy,chem Chinese-gun powder,paper,printing.magnetic compass, Great wall. Greeks-pioneered geometry, architecture. Romans-buildings, major engg works.