Membrane seperation in milk technology
This document discusses various membrane filtration processes and membrane materials. It covers the main types of membrane filtration - reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration. It then discusses common membrane materials like cellulose acetate, synthetic polymers, and ceramics. Different membrane module designs are also outlined, including plate and frame, spiral wound, tubular, and hollow-fiber. The document concludes by briefly mentioning membrane fouling and applications of ultrafiltration in the dairy industry.
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Membrane seperation in milk technology
- 1. Membranefiltrationapplications • Reverseosmosis(RO( • Concentrationof solution byremovalof water • Nanofiltration(NF( • Concentration of organic componentsbyremovalof part of monovalentionslikesodiumandchlorine(partial demineralisation) • Ultrafiltration(UF( • Concentration of largeandmacromolecules • Microfiltration(MF( • Removalof bacteria,separation of macromolecules
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- 5. Membranematerial • Membranes maybecomposedofnatural (e.gmodified natural cellulosepolymers) or syntheticpolymers(plastic materials)or inorganic ceramicmaterials • begoodfilm formers, • managehigh permeateflows, • havehigh selectivity, • havegoodchemical andbacteriologicalresistance, • beresistanttodetergents anddisinfectants, • beinexpensive.
- 6. Membranematerial–celluloseacetate 6 • Mostlyfor ROandUF •Advantages • easyto manufacture,provide high flux andhavehigh salt rejectionproperties • Disadvantages • limited temperaturerange(max30°C) , • limited pHrange (pH3-6)–problem for cleaning with detergents • poorresistance tochlorine asasanitiser, • poormembranepropertiesat high operating pressures • susceptibility tomicrobialattackduetotheir natural origin
- 7. Membranematerial –syntheticpolymers • Polyamideandpolysulphone •Widelyusedfor UF • WidetolerancetopH,temperatureandchlorine Membranematerial–ceramic • Madefrommineralmaterialssuchasglass,aluminium oxideandzirconiumoxide • Highresistancetochemicaldegradation, andtolerate widepHandtemperatureranges • Expensiveandcanbebrittle • Mainlyusedfor microfiltration
- 8. Membranemodules • Plateandframe • Spiralwound • Tubular,basedonpolymers • Tubular,basedonceramics • Hollow-fibre Feed Oval shaped Rectangle shaped 8 Retentate Permeate
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- 10. Membranefouling MeansFormationof deposits • Surface(temporary)fouling • Pore(permanent) fouling • Implications • Moreenergyconsumption • Durationof continuousoperationwithout needfor cleaning • Membranedurability • Properties andqualityof concentrate • Overall economyofthemembraneprocess
- 11. ApplicationsofUFindairyindustry 11 • Proteinstandardisation • Milksolidsfortificationforyogurt •Cheese • Increasedyield • Wheyproteinconcentrateandisolate(WPC/WPI) • Proteinconcentration • MilkproteinconcentrateandIsolate(MPC/MPI) • Proteinconcentration