Clean milk production A WAY TO IMPROVE

1. Clean Milk Production a Way to
Improve Profitability of Dairy Farmer

2. • “Clean milk” – raw milk drawn from the udder
of healthy animals, which is collected in clean,
dry milking pail and free from extraneous matter
like dirt, dust, flies, hay, manure etc.”
• Clean milk has a normal flavour with low
bacterial count and is safe for human
consumption.
• Milk from udder – normally sterile
• Ideal medium for rapid proliferation of harmful
micro-organism
• Needs to be protected from all possible sources
of contamination

3. Source of contamination of milk
Milk Tanks Milk Processing Plant
Retail/Consumer
Chilling of Milk
Bulk Tank
Milking Pail
Milk
Preparing of animal
for milking
Animal
Milker’s Hygiene
Environment
Drinking Water
Soil Feed and Fodder Water
Concentrate, Fodder,
Hay, Silage

4.  Safe for human consumption
 Better keeping quality
 High commercial value
 Dirty milk is a rich medium for the transmission
of food borne and zoonotic diseases.
 Helps to produce good quality dairy products
 Transportation over long distances
Importance of CMP

5. Animal management
Hygiene during Milking practices
Milker Personal hygiene
Hygiene of milking equipments and utensils
During storage and transport
Measures for clean milk Production at
various levels

6. Housing
• Animal shed - main sources of contamination
• Mud, urine, faeces and feed residues should be regularly
removed from the shed
• Shed should have proper drainage, sufficient ventilation and
lighting
• Appropriate arrangement for disposal of animal waste
(manure pit or biogas plant) and left over feed & fodder
• Floor sweeping just before milking should be avoided
Animal management

7. Feeding
• During milking, non-dusty concentrate can be provided
to keep animals busy
• Silage and wet crop residues should not be fed at milking
place as it may impart foul odour to the milk
• Good quality straw and supply of adequate minerals and
vitamins
• Feeding should be made one hour before milking

8. Animal Health
• Pre-requisite for CMP – healthy herd
• Routine examination of cattle for diseases like TB,
Brucellosis etc.
• Diseased animals should be kept separate
• Sanitary precautions to prevent and control diseases
should be adopted
• Check for udder wounds and mastitis.
• Vaccination of animals against FMD, Anthrax, etc.
should be done regularly

9. Cleanliness of Animals
• Clean and high quality milk can only be
produced by healthy cows, i.e., cows free of
udder infection managed and milked under
clean and hygienic environment.
• Hind quarters and thighs of cows should be
brushed, and washed if lot of filth-is
accumulating on them.
• Clean the udder and teats with warm water and
wipe with clean cloth or towel.

10. Hygiene during Milking Practice
• Stripping and full-hand milking are the two
commonly used methods of milking.
• Many milkers tend to bend their thumb in,
against the teat while milking, known as
knuckling.
• The hind quarters and thighs of cows should be
brushed, and washed if lot of filth-is
accumulating on them
• Milking should be done gently, quietly, quickly,
cleanly and completely.

12. • Fore stripping should be collected in separate
utensil/cup and should be discarded to avoid flies and
insects
• Pre-milking teat stimulation of 10 to 20 sec is generally
considered adequate to achieve efficient milk let down
and removal
• Complete milking has to be done, least the residual milk
may act an inducer for mastitis causing organisms & the
overall yield may also be less.
• Complete the process from washing to milking within 8
minutes.

13. • Animals that have recently calved & animals giving more
milk should be milked first then the animals giving less
milk or in the last phase of lactation.
• Animals with diseases or with mastitis should be milked
separately at the end.
• Keeping cows standing after milking seemed to be
associated with lower Somatic Cell Count
• Clipping of udder hairs

14. • Methods of Pre-milking Teat Sanitation:
 Washing by spraying water and wiping of teats
 Washing of teats with a cloth immersed in warm disinfectant
solution & drying with a dry cloth
 Immersing of teats in disinfectant and wiping with a paper cloth.
• Effective pre-milking udder hygiene is essential for the
production of high quality milk with reduced incidence
of mastitis.
• Applying teat dip to every quarter of every cow after
every milking.
• Wet milking (moistening hand in milk or water or oil)
should be prevented
• Milk should be strained using a clean cloth or a strainer.
The cloth should be washed and dried daily

19. Personal Hygiene of Milker
Free from communicable diseases
Should wear clean clothes, nails trimmed
Should neither eat or spit anything
• Before milking, milker should clean his hands
with soap, potable water and then wipe with
clean cloth or towel
• Clean the udder and teats with luke warm water
and wipe with clean cloth or towel

20. Milking equipment and storage
• Milk vessels should be cleaned before and after each
milking
• Detergents used for cleaning should be non-injurious,
non-toxic to health like Teepol
• Use of ash or mud not recommended
• Cleaned vessels should be kept in inverted position
• Milking pail with dome shaped top should be used
• Open buckets should not be used
• Facilities for cooling milk on receipt and after heat
treatment to 4 ̊C should be kept.
• Bacterial growth is retarded by cooling the milk within 2
hours of milking

21. Hygienic
Practices
Bacterial
Load

23. Conclusion
• Dairy animal should be healthy and clean especially the
hindquarter and udder.
• Hygienic practice at the time of milking and post milking
handling of milk is important
• Freshly drawn milk should be immediately cooled to 5°C
within 4 hours
• Housing of dairy animals should be designed to provide
clean, dry, well ventilation, sufficient lights and comfort
environment.
• Awareness and training programme related to CMP
should be organizing.

24. Udder Disinfectants
• Iodophor solution containing 0.1 to 1.0% available
iodine.
• Chlorhexidine 0.5 or 1% in polyvinyl pyrrolidone
solution or as 0.3% aqueous solution
• Sodium hypochlorite (4% solution).
• Linear dodecyl-benzene sulphonic acid (LDBS) (1.94% )
• Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (100 ppm to 400
ppm)
• Per-oxy-acetic acid (100 to 200 ppm) & Hydrogen
Peroxide (80 to 600 ppm).