This document discusses microorganisms found in milk and their effects. It notes that milk provides an excellent medium for microbial growth. Both harmless and potentially pathogenic microorganisms can contaminate milk during the milking and storage processes. The main types of microorganisms discussed are bacteria, yeasts, molds, and bacteriophages. Several pathogenic bacterial species are also mentioned. The document outlines factors that influence microbial growth in milk and how their activities can affect milk quality through spoilage. Common spoilage effects and methods of controlling microorganisms in milk are summarized.
The Milk Microbiology ppt is useful to the under graduate students. This ppt may help to summarize the studied content related to the mentioned points in the given collection of slides.
The Milk Microbiology ppt is useful to the under graduate students. This ppt may help to summarize the studied content related to the mentioned points in the given collection of slides.
this ppt is about, how to preserve milk by fermentation process. The fermented products include cheese (types of cheese, cheese producing organism), yogurt (types of yogurt), cultured buttermilk, acidophilus milk and kefir along with a little description about milk.
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This particular presentation describes all the fermented milk products like yoghurt, cheese etc. VIEW, SHARE, ENJOY!
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this ppt is about, how to preserve milk by fermentation process. The fermented products include cheese (types of cheese, cheese producing organism), yogurt (types of yogurt), cultured buttermilk, acidophilus milk and kefir along with a little description about milk.
Food Industry of Biotechnology involves preparation of different food items that are used as common part of diet throughout the world.The presentation describes the Industrial preparation of Yogurt.
Fermented milk products, also known as cultured dairy foods, cultured dairy products, or cultured milk products, are dairy foods that have been fermented with lactic acid bacteria.
This particular presentation describes all the fermented milk products like yoghurt, cheese etc. VIEW, SHARE, ENJOY!
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A vivid description of all the preservation methods of milk and milk products is present in the slides. Very useful for Microbiology, Dairy technology students.
Milk is a complete and balanced food for sustaining the in first phase of life
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This presentation comes from a seminar titled “An Integrated Approach for Enhancing the Productivity, Quality & Safety of Indian Food Products” by the National Productivity Council of India
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3. • Milk constitutes an excellent medium for the
growth of micro-organisms.
• Freshly drawn milk from healthy animals
contains a small number of harmless micro-
organisms, however, during milking process and
storage the contamination takes place, the extent
of which depends upon the hygienic measures
taken before, during and after milking process
and storage conditions observed thereafter.
4. Nearly all the changes that take place in the flavor
and appearance of the milk after it is drawn form
the cow, are the result of the activities of
microorganisms ,therefore, it is very essential to
control these microorganisms.
6. Microbial content serves as an indicator of
production conditions and sanitary quality of milk.
Prevention of spoilage.
Prevention of milk borne illnesses.
Production of dairy products with desired
characteristics imparted via m.o. introduction
7.
8. The types of microorganisms found in milk vary
considerably
Bacteria, yeasts, moulds and bacteriophages are
commonly encountered.
Viruses and protozoa are seldom observed in milk, except
as occasional contaminants.
*Bacteria
Most common and most numerous of microorganisms
found in milk and milk products .
9. They belong to four main groups:
1. Gram +ive cocci
2. Gram +ive non-spore forming rods
3. Gram +ive spore-forming rods
4. Gram -ive non-spore forming rods.
Normally present in milk and they are also used as
starter culture for the production of cultured dairy
products. They ferment lactose and yield lactic acid.
11. Coliforms
• Facultative anaerobes
• Optimum growth @ 370c
• Indicator organism and are closely associated the
presence of pathogens but not necessary pathogens
themselves.
• They ferment lactose with production of acid and gas
• cause rapid spoilage of milk
• they are killed by pasteurization
• Their presence is an indication of PP contamination
of milk.
12. Yeast
Most frequently encountered in raw cream during hot
weather produce acid and co2. They are potential
contaminants throughout the year.
Moulds
Their growth is visible as a fuzzy or fluffy growth on the
surface of milk and milk products.
They may be black, green, grey, blue or white.
They discolor the product and often produce repulsive
undesirable off odors
Essential in production of certain varieties of cheese.
15. Result of microbial growth in milk (Spoilage)
o Principal cause are Psychrotrophs
o Most of these are destroyed by pasteurization
o Some may survive e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens ,
Pseudomonas fragi
o Other species and strains that survive pasteurization and
grow at Refrigeration temp. ,Produce heat stable
proteolytic & lipolytic enzymes and cause spoilage :
~Bacillus ~ Clostridium ~ Cornebacterium ~Arthrobacter ~
Lactobacillus ~ Microbacterium ~ Micococcus
~ Streptococcus
16.
17. Souring- Lactose fermentation LA, VFA
Souring & gassiness- coliforms acid & gas
Aroma production- starter culture diacetyl
Proteolysis- unpleasant odors- undesirable.
controlled desirable –cheese production.
Ropiness- Milk drawn into long threads
(Alkaligenes viscolactis)
Sweet curdling- due to prodn of rennin like enzyme
which curdles without souring
Stormy fermentation- Rapid fermentation by
Clostridium perfringens
Color changes
Pseud.syncyanea(blue);Pseud.synxantha(yellow);
Serratia marcescens (red)
18. Stages of milk decay
Rancid
(“on the turn”)-Milk consumable
Curdling
Separation of curd and whey –
milk still consumableCoagulation
period of aromatic decay with
mould growth –milk beyond useDry
dehydration ensues- hard and
chalky –milk beyond use
19. Control and Practical Application
1. Heat - pasteurization , sterilization etc.
2. Ionizing Radiations- UV., gamma rays
3. High frequency sound waves- super &
ultrasonic
4. Electricity - by the heat generated.
5. Pressure - 600 x > atmospheric pressure
6. Chemicals Acids ,alkalis, halogens H2 02 etc.