Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei found in contaminated soil and water. It can present as acute, subacute, or chronic pulmonary or bloodstream infection, or local or disseminated infection. Symptoms vary depending on infection type but include fever, cough, chest pain, skin ulcers, and joint pain. Diagnosis involves culture of bacteria from blood, urine, or throat samples. Treatment requires long-term intravenous antibiotics initially followed by oral antibiotics for several months. Nursing management includes monitoring for symptoms like fever and seizures, educating on medication administration and avoiding contaminated environments, and assessing for risk of infection.
Melioidosis- An overview, covers the Aetiology, Epidemiology, World as well as Indian Scenario of Meliodosis, Its public health impact, control strategy and Indian Research prospects of the disease.
All credit goes to Dr. Gazanfar Abass, MVSc Scholar at Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, izatnagar UP, India
Lassa fever aka Lassa hemorrhagic fever is caused by lassa virus and is a Zoonotic disease. It is epidemic in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Limiting direct contact between humans and rodents can help prevent this disease.
Melioidosis- An overview, covers the Aetiology, Epidemiology, World as well as Indian Scenario of Meliodosis, Its public health impact, control strategy and Indian Research prospects of the disease.
All credit goes to Dr. Gazanfar Abass, MVSc Scholar at Division of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, izatnagar UP, India
Lassa fever aka Lassa hemorrhagic fever is caused by lassa virus and is a Zoonotic disease. It is epidemic in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia.
Limiting direct contact between humans and rodents can help prevent this disease.
Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin sunil kumar daha
Please find the power point on Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing. Severity is variable.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, and a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired with community, hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Other methods of prevention include handwashing and not smoking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.
Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally (7% of the population) and results in about four million deaths per year. Pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as "the captain of the men of death". With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival improved. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. Pneumonia often shortens suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called "the old man's friend"
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin sunil kumar daha
Please find the power point on Approach to a patient with fever of unknown origin . I tried to present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing. Severity is variable.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, and a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired with community, hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Other methods of prevention include handwashing and not smoking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.
Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally (7% of the population) and results in about four million deaths per year. Pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as "the captain of the men of death". With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival improved. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. Pneumonia often shortens suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called "the old man's friend"
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection.
It is exanthematous disease with fewer, cough, coryza (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis.
Before the widespread use of measles vaccines, it was estimated that measles caused between 5 million and 8 million deaths worldwide each year.
Preventive Medicine. It is also a unique medical specialty recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS). Preventive medicine focuses on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and maintain health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death
More than 5.7 million new cases of TB (all forms, both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary) were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013; 95% of cases were reported from developing countries
Latest figures from 20151 indicate an estimated 10.4 million people had TB, and 1.8 million people died (1.4 million HIV negative and 400 000 HIV positive).
Of further concern is that 480 000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TBa and a further 100 000 that were estimated to be rifampicin-resistant (RR) TB have occurred in the same period.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects saliva-producing (salivary) glands that are located near your ears. Mumps can cause swelling in one or both of these glands. Mumps was common in the United States until mumps vaccination became routine. Since then, the number of cases has dropped dramatically.
How long do mumps last?
Symptoms of mumps generally last about 10 days. Once you recover, you usually are immune from getting the mumps virus for the rest of your life.
Is the mumps serious?
A: Mumps can be serious, but most people with mumps recover completely within two weeks. While infected with mumps, many people feel tired and achy, have a fever, and swollen salivary glands on the side of the face
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) that most often affect the lungs. Tuberculosis is curable and preventable.
TB is spread from person to person through the air. When people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit, they propel the TB germs into the air. A person needs to inhale only a few of these germs to become infected.
The causative agent is Mycobacterium tuberculosis (also known as the tubercle bacillus).
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the lung parenchyma. The primary infection usually involves the middle or lower lung area.
It is also may be transmitted to other parts of the body, including the Meninges, kidneys, bone, joints, pericardium, GI tract and lymph nodes And this condition known as Extra pulmonary TB.
The disease also can affects animals such as cattle, this is known as “bovine tuberculosis” which may sometimes be transmitted to man.The primary infectious agent, “ M.Tuberculosis”, is an acid – fast aerobic (AFB) rod that grows slowly and is sensitive to heat and ultraviolet light.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
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QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
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3. Pathogenesis
• The disease can manifest as Acute, Sub acute, and Chronic
disease
• Incubation may be as short as 3 days
• Latent infections can occurs after months to years
• The infection starts with non specific lesion at the inoculum,
where there can be break in the skin.
• Lead to septicemia
• Most common form is pulmonary infection
• Can lead to suppurative infection and bacteremia
4. Cause
caused by a bacterium called Burkholderia
pseudomallei (previously known as Pseudomonas
pseudomallei). The bacteria are found in
contaminated water and soil and spread to
humans and animals through direct contact with
the contaminated source.
5. Sign and symptom
• Pulmonary infection
• Bloodstream infection
• Local infection
• Disseminated infection
6. Pulmonary infection
• cough with normal sputum
• chest pain during breathing
• high fever
• headache and general muscle soreness
7. Bloodstream infection
• Septic shock usually occurs quickly
• breathing problems, including shortness of breath
• upper abdominal pain
• diarrhea
• joint pain and muscle tenderness
• sores with pus on the skin or internally in the liver,
spleen, muscle, or prostate
8. Local infection
• pain or swelling in a contained (localized) area, such
as the parotid glands, which are most commonly
associated with mumps and are located below and in
front of the ear
• ulcerations or abscesses on, or just below, the skin
these may start as firm, gray or white nodules that
become soft and inflamed, and then look like wounds
caused by flesh-eating bacteria
10. Diagnosis
• blood, urine and throat swab culture
• Ultrasound for abdomen
• Confirm laboratory that “selective media for B.
pseudomallei” and “latex agglutination” are used
11. Treatment
When a melioidosis infection is diagnosed, the
disease can be treated with the use of appropriate
medication.
• Intravenous antimicrobial therapy for 10-14 days
Ex. Ceftazidime
• Oral antimicrobial therapy for 3-6 months
Ex. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
12. Prevention
• Avoid direct exposure to wet season soil, dust
clouds, heavy rain and surface water
• Wear protective gears
• Drink boiled or bottled water only
• Avoid travel to endemic area for high-risk patients
• Health care workers: standard contact precaution
13. Nursing diagnosis
• Risk for Infection related to insufficient
knowledge to avoid exposure to pathogens.
• Hyperthermia related to exposure to
infection.
• Deficient Knowledge related to lack of
exposure to information.
14. Nursing management
• Review pathology of disease and potential
spread of infection
• Monitor VS especially temperature, every 2-4
hours and prn.
• Monitor patient for seizures.
• Explain medication dosage, frequency of
administration, expected action, and the reason
for long treatment period. Review potential
interactions with other drugs and substances.
15. Nursing management
• Instruct patient/family on medications, side
effects, and symptoms to report to nurse.
• Instruct patient/family to avoid direct
exposure to wet season soil, dust, clouds,
heavy rain and surface water.
16. Questions
• 1. What is the nursing management
for melioidosis disease?
• 2. What is cause of melioidosis
disease?
17. Reference
Matt Vera.(2013).Communicable and Infectious Diseases.Retrieved September,7,2018 from
https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-care-plans/#communicable-and-infectious-diseases
Marilynn E.Doenges,Mary Frances Moorhouse and Alice C. Murr.(2012).Nursing Care Plans:
Guidelines for Individualizing Client Care Across the life span.Retrieved September,7,2018
from https://eclass.teicrete.gr/modules/document/file.php/YN130/Nursing%20Care
%20Plans%2C%20Edition%209%20-%20Murr%2C%20Alice%2C%20Doenges%2
C%20Marilynn%2C%20Moorehouse%2C%20Mary.pdf
Limmathorotsakul D.(2012).Melioidosis:Burkholderia pseudomallei.Retrieved
September,8,2018 fromhttp://www.tm.mahidol.ac.th/nursing/sites/
default/files/KM/Melioidosis.pdf
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