This document discusses respiratory disorders that are common causes of admission for neonatal and intensive care patients. It defines acute respiratory infections as infections of the respiratory tract, including the sinuses, middle ear and pleural cavity. Respiratory disorders are classified as either upper respiratory infections, which include the common cold, pharyngitis and tonsillitis, or lower respiratory infections such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Common symptoms, causes, diagnostic evaluations and nursing care are outlined for various respiratory conditions like the common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and bronchiolitis.
The lower respiratory system, or lower respiratory tract, consists of the trachea, the bronchi and bronchioles, and the alveoli, which make up the lungs. These structures pull in air from the upper respiratory system, absorb the oxygen, and release carbon dioxide in exchange.
this is detailed study on lower respiratory diseases
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The lower respiratory system, or lower respiratory tract, consists of the trachea, the bronchi and bronchioles, and the alveoli, which make up the lungs. These structures pull in air from the upper respiratory system, absorb the oxygen, and release carbon dioxide in exchange.
this is detailed study on lower respiratory diseases
please comment
thank you
A common viral infection of the nose and throat.
In contrast to the flu, a common cold can be caused by many different types of viruses. The condition is generally harmless and symptoms usually resolve within two weeks.
Symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing and congestion. High fever or severe symptoms are reasons to see a doctor, especially in children.
Most people recover on their own within two weeks. Over-the-counter products and home remedies can help control symptoms.
A common viral infection of the nose and throat.
In contrast to the flu, a common cold can be caused by many different types of viruses. The condition is generally harmless and symptoms usually resolve within two weeks.
Symptoms include a runny nose, sneezing and congestion. High fever or severe symptoms are reasons to see a doctor, especially in children.
Most people recover on their own within two weeks. Over-the-counter products and home remedies can help control symptoms.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
ARI.pptx
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Respiratory disorder are the most frequent
causes of admission for neonatal and intensive in
both term and preterm infant.
• It includes all infections of less than 30 days
duration, except the infection of the ear lasting
less than 14 days.
• A wide variety of pathologic lesions may be
responsible for respiratory disturbances including
pulmonary airway, cardiovascular, central
nervous and other disorder.
3. DEFINITION
• An acute respiratory infection is an acute
infection of any part of the respiratory tract
and related structure including paranasal
sinuses, middle ear and pleural cavity.
4. CLASSIFICATION
Acute upper respiratory infection which
includes common cold, pharyngitis, tonsillitis.
Acute lower respiratory infection which
includes bronchitis, bronchiolitis and
pneumonia.
5.
6. COMMON COLD
• The common cold is an infection of upper
respiratory tract caused by large number of
viruses like adeno virus, influenza virus, para
influenza virus. It is one of the common illness
during childhood period.
• Incubation period: 2 to 3 days up to weeks
• Clinical presentation: fever up to 104 degree F,
sneezing, rhinorrhoea, breathing difficulty,
difficulty in sucking and malaise.
7. PHARYNGITIS
• It is an inflammation of pharynx caused by
different type of viruses. Common virus are
adeno virus, entero virus and para influenza
virus.
• Clinical presentation: Redness in throat,
swelling and enlarged tonsil, swallowing
difficulty, refuse to take food and fever are
common presentation.
8. TONSILLITIS
• It is the inflammatory condition of tonsil.
Tonsillitis often occurs with pharyngitis. The
causative agent may be viral or bacterial.
• Clinical presentation: difficulty swallowing and
breathing.
9.
10. BRONCHITIS
• Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air
passages between nose and the lungs,
including the windpipe and the larger air
tubes in the lungs that bring air in from the
trachea.
• There are two types of bronchitis:
Acute bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
11. Clinical presentation of bronchitis:
• Running nose
• Dry hacking
• Unproductive cough
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Fever
• Fatigue and malaise
12. BRONCHIOLITIS
• It is the infection of the small air passage of
the lungs called the bronchioles.
• Causative organisms are para influenza virus,
adeno virus, influenza virus and M.
pneumoniae.
• Clinical presentation: runny nose, cough,
production of mucus, fatigue, shortness of
breath, slight fever and chills.
13. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• History taking
• Physical examination
• Chest X ray
• CBC
• Blood culture
• Sputum culture
• Measurement of blood gases
14. THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
• Drugs therapy:
Bronchodilator
Corticosteroids
• Chest physiotherapy
Breathing exercise
Purse lip breathing
• Oxygen therapy continuously
• Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
• Avoid sedatives that may suppress the patients respiratory
drive
15.
16. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
1. Ineffective breathing pattern related to inflammatory process in
the respiratory tract.
Goal: child will initiate normal and effective breathing and increase
supply oxygen to lungs.
Intervention:
• Observe vital sign, presence of cyanosis as well as pattern depth
of breathing.
• to provide a comfortable position and prevent aspiration.
• Provide well ventilated room for sufficient air humidity.
• Encourage the family to bring clothes looser thinner and absorb
sweat.
• Give oxygen and nebulization in accordance in the doctors
instruction.
17. 2. Altered body temperature related to inflammatory
process and pain
Goal: temperature will be reduced to normal.
Intervention:
• Assess vital sign and general condition of the child.
• Maintain well ventilation of room.
• Remove extra clothing from the body and perform
cold sponging.
• Advice for plenty of water.
• Administer analgesic as prescribed by the doctor.
18. 3. Imbalance nutrition level less than body requirement
related to disease condition.
Goal: child will maintain normal nutrition level.
Intervention:
• Assess body weight and dietary intake.
• Encourage mother for oral care.
• Emphasize mother for breast feeding.
• Advice mother to give supplementary food like sarbottam
pitho with daal soup and vegetables.
• Give smaller more frequent meals to decrease possibility of
emesis with coughing spells.
• Monitor intake and output.
19. 4. Anxiety related to acute illness and need for unplanned
hospitalization.
Goal: anxiety level of child as well as family will reduce and actively
involve in caring for children.
Intervention:
• Observe the level of anxiety experienced by families.
• Provide sufficient information to parent including prognosis care
and treatment of child.
• Encourage the family to ask if they see thing that are less
understood or not clear.
• Provide well orientation of hospital rules, policy, ward information,
laboratory and pharmacy.
• Promote parent involvement in the care of patient.
• Arrange as appropriate play activities.
20. PREVENTION
• Timely immunization of child.
• Promoting the nutritional status of the child.
• Keeping the child warm adequately, avoiding exposure
to cold, damp environment.
• Prevent exposure to different house hold, tobacco and
other environmental smoke.
• Proper treatment and management of condition like
measles, malnutrition, diarrhoea, vomiting which can
lead to secondary respiratory complication.
• Careful caring of the child to prevent accidents like
aspiration of fluid, chemical or other foreign bodies to
the respiratory tract.
21. REFERENCES
• Nelson textbook of pediatrics 19th editon,
volume 2nd, elsevier publicaion.
• Essentials of pediatric nursing, 8th edition,
elsevier publication.
• Shrestha T. Essential of child health nursing, 1st
edition, medhavi publication
• Upreti K. Child health nursing 1st edition.