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1. SEMINAR GUIDE
Mrs.Asha S K
Lecturer
PG Department of
Biotechnology
Sahyadri Science College
Shivamogga
PRESENTED BY
Chandrashekar H R
І MSc, І Sem
Sahyadri Science College
Shivamogga
KUVEMPU UNIVERSITY
PG Department of Biotechnology
Sahyadri Science College-Shivamogga
Air borne bacterial disease

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Types
3. Whooping Cough
4. Diphtheria
5. Pneumonia
6. Tuberculosis
7. Conclusion
8. Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
• Airborne disease are caused by pathogenic microbes that can be transmitted through the air.
• The relevant pathogen may be viruses, bacterial, fungi.
• These can be transmitted through breathing, talking, coughing, sneezing, laughing, raising of
dust, spraying of liquids, toilet flushing, and close personal contact or aerosolization of the
microbe.
• The discharged microbes remain suspended in the air on dust particles, and water droplets.
• Human airborne diseases do not include conditions caused by air pollution such as volatile
organic compounds, gasses and any airborne particles, through their study and prevention may
help inform the science of airborne disease transmission.

4. TYPES OF BACTERIALAIR BORNE DISEASE
IN HUMAN
• Bacterial airborne disease are:-
 Whooping Cough
 Diphtheria
 Pneumonia
 Tuberculosis

5. WHOOPING COUGH
 Whooping cough, also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly
contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease.
 Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever,
and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three months of severe coughing fits.
 Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is spread easily through the
coughs and sneezes of an infected person.
 People are infectious from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing
fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days.

6. Life cycle

8. TREATMENT
• The antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin are typically the
recommended treatment.
• Newer macrolides are frequently recommended due to lower rates of side
effects .Trimetho primsulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) may be used in those
with allergies to first-line agents or in infants who have a risk of pyloric
stenosis from macrolides.
• A reasonable guideline is to treat people age >1 year within 3 weeks of cough
onset and infants age <1 year and pregnant women within 6 weeks of cough
onset.

9. DIPHTHERIA
• Diphtheria is an infections disease of the upper respiratory tract
• Disease cause by Corynebacterium diphtheria.
• It is an gram positive bacillus.
• Transmission through airborne respiratory droplets (sneezing) and saliva.
• The membrane can obstruct breathing
• Treated by antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin)

10. Life Cycle

12. Treatment
• Diphtheria treatment begins immediately — sometimes even
before the lab test results are confirmed. Your healthcare
provider will prescribe diphtheria antitoxin to stop damage to
your organs. They’ll also prescribe antibiotics,
typically penicillin or erythromycin, to fight infection.
• People with diphtheria are kept in isolation to prevent others
from becoming infected. An infected person is no longer
contagious around 48 hours after taking antibiotics. When
treatment ends, tests will be run again to make sure the
bacteria are gone. Once the bacteria are gone, you will get a
vaccine to prevent future infections.

13. Pneumonia
• Lower respiratory tract infection.
• Cause by streptococcus pneumonia.
• A serious illness of the lungs which makes breathing difficult.
• Transmission through airborne respiratory droplets (sneezes).
• Treated by antibiotics (azithromycin or erythromycin) along with rest
and drinking plenty of water.

14. Life Cycle

16. Treatment
• Treatment for pneumonia depends on the cause bacterial, viral or fungal and how
serious your case is. In many cases, the cause can’t be determined and treatment is
focused on managing symptoms and making sure your condition doesn’t get worse.
• Some treatments may include:
• Antibiotics: Antibiotics treat bacterial pneumonia. They can’t treat a virus but a
provider may prescribe them if you have a bacterial infection at the same time as a
virus.
• Antifungal medications: Antifungals can treat pneumonia caused by a fungal
infection.
• Antiviral medications: Viral pneumonia usually isn’t treated with medication and
can go away on its own. A provider may prescribe antivirals such
as oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir (Relenza) or peramivir (Rapivab) to reduce how
long you’re sick and how sick you get from a virus.
• Oxygen therapy: If you’re not getting enough oxygen, a provider may give you extra
oxygen through a tube in your nose or a mask on your face.

17. Tuberculosis
• Tuberculosis is commonly called TB.
• It is a contagious bacterial disease.
• It is cause by mycobacterium.
• Transmission spread from person to person through air.
• The bacterial can attack any part of the body, but it most commonly
stick to the lungs and causes TB of lungs.
• Treatment by antibiotic (isoniazid and rifampicin).

18. Life Cycle

20. Treatment
• TB infection and disease is treated with these drugs:
• Isoniazid (Hyzyd).
• Rifampin (Rifadin).
• Ethambutol (Myambutol).
• Pyrazinamide (Zinamide).
• Rifapentine (Priftin).
• You must take all of the medication your provider prescribes, or not all of the
bacteria will be killed. You will have to take these medications for as long as
you're told sometimes up to nine months.
• Some forms of TB have become resistant to medications. It’s very important
and likely that your provider will use more than one drug to treat TB. It’s very
important to finish your entire prescription.

21. Conclusion
• Airborne disease happen all around the world and affect virtually
everyone. Incidence is lower in countries where vaccines are widely
available and affordable.
• The common infections can spread by airborne transmission are
Anthrax, Chickenpox, Influenza, Meeasles, smallpox, Tuberculosis
and the common cold. It is impossible to completely avoid airborne
pathogens.
• Vaccines can reduce chances of getting some airborne disease.
Vaccines also lower the risk for others in the commonly.

22. Reference
• A text book of microbiology by Dubey R.C. And Maheshwari.
• World Health Organization (2019) . World Health Organization model
list of essential medicines;21st list 2019. Geneva; World Health
Organizationhdl:10665/325771.WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06.License
:CC BY-NC-SA 3.01GO