Downloaded 443 times
![“When I saw a hospital [abroad], I wanted to know how
it was run – who paid the running expenses; when I
visited a bank, I wanted to learn how the money was
deposited and paid out. By similar firsthand
questions, I learned something of the postal system
and the military conscription (draft). A perplexing
institution was representative government.”
“When I saw a hospital [abroad], I wanted to know how
it was run – who paid the running expenses; when I
visited a bank, I wanted to learn how the money was
deposited and paid out. By similar firsthand
questions, I learned something of the postal system
and the military conscription (draft). A perplexing
institution was representative government.”
Fukuzawa Yukichi
Japanese Scholar
Selective Borrowing
Taiping Rebellion
1850-1864
U.S. Civil War
1861-1865Suez Canal
1858-1869
World Events](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/meijirestorationversion2-1226411917891665-9/85/Meiji-Restorationversion2-11-320.jpg)
Uploaded byGreg Sill
Meiji Restorationversion2
The document summarizes Japan's transition from the Tokugawa period to the Meiji Restoration. It discusses how: 1) The Tokugawa period was characterized by isolationism and a rigid social hierarchy. Perry's arrival in 1853 ended this isolation and forced Japan to open trade. 2) Dissatisfaction with the unequal treaties signed with Western powers and a desire to modernize led to the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate. 3) The Meiji Restoration established a centralized state focused on modernizing Japan through political, economic, and social reforms including adopting Western technology and institutions to build a strong military and industrialize the country.
More Related Content
Similar to Meiji Restorationversion2
Meiji Restorationversion2
- 1. Japan and theMeiji Restoration The Opening and Modernization of JapanThe Opening and Modernization of Japan Period V: 1750-1900Period V: 1750-1900
- 2. Tokugawa Period (1600-1868) •___________________ • Ruled by Shogun, Emperor as a figurehead • Capital City of Edo (Tokyo) • Rigid Social Structure (Daimyo Samurai, peasants, artisans, merchants) • Belief Systems - Shintoism - Zen Buddhism - Prohibited Christianity Himeji Castle: Built in 1600sHimeji Castle: Built in 1600s Centralized feudalism “pacified, but not really unified”“pacified, but not really unified”
- 3. Tokugawa Period (1600-1868) •Highly regulated trade • Limited trade with China, Korea and Dutch Arrival of the United States
- 4. Growing Commercialization • By1750, world’s most urbanized country • Edo was largest city in world– 1 million people • Emerging capitalist society – literate, educated population due to Confucian influence Problems • Peasants/samurai lured into commerce – ignored social “status” • Corruption in government • 1830 famine– people lost faith in Shogunate
- 5. 1853: The Arrivalof the United States _____________ Makes “Friends” with Japan_____________ Makes “Friends” with Japan In July, 1853 Perry presented the Japanese Emperor with a proposed commercial and friendship treaty. He would return a year later to receive their answer. In July, 1853 Perry presented the Japanese Emperor with a proposed commercial and friendship treaty. He would return a year later to receive their answer. Matthew PerryMatthew Perry
- 7. Gunboat Diplomacy Perry returnedin 1854. This time he appeared with seven ships - four sailing ships, three steamers – and 1600 men. So…what’s it gonna be??
- 8. The Treaty ofKanagawa In 1854 the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed which established: 1. ___________________ friendship between the two countries 2. proper treatment for shipwrecked Americans 3. fuel for American ships 4. two ports opened for trade In 1854 the Treaty of Kanagawa was signed which established: 1. ___________________ friendship between the two countries 2. proper treatment for shipwrecked Americans 3. fuel for American ships 4. two ports opened for trade Result:Result: The signing of this treaty signaled the end of Japanese ________.The signing of this treaty signaled the end of Japanese ________.isolation Permanent Friendship
- 9. The last TokugawaShogun Sakamoto Ryoma Unequal treaties were seen as humiliating and some daimyo wanted to remove the Shogun from power. Unequal treaties were seen as humiliating and some daimyo wanted to remove the Shogun from power. Sakamoto Ryoma created a plan for Japan to modernize and unify under the rule of the Emperor. He convinced the Shogun to resign. He was assassinated shortly after by a pro-Shogun supporter. Sakamoto Ryoma created a plan for Japan to modernize and unify under the rule of the Emperor. He convinced the Shogun to resign. He was assassinated shortly after by a pro-Shogun supporter. Shogun Yoshinobu “Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians”
- 10. The Meiji Restoration Overthe next generation the whole society and its institutions were transformed to serve the needs of _____________. Over the next generation the whole society and its institutions were transformed to serve the needs of _____________. By 1868, a group of young samurai claimed that they were restoring power to ___________, the 15 year old Japanese Emperor. By 1868, a group of young samurai claimed that they were restoring power to ___________, the 15 year old Japanese Emperor. This period is known as the ______________ Meiji meaning ______________. This period is known as the ______________ Meiji meaning ______________. Mutsuhito Meiji Restoration modernization Enlightened Rule
- 11. “When I sawa hospital [abroad], I wanted to know how it was run – who paid the running expenses; when I visited a bank, I wanted to learn how the money was deposited and paid out. By similar firsthand questions, I learned something of the postal system and the military conscription (draft). A perplexing institution was representative government.” “When I saw a hospital [abroad], I wanted to know how it was run – who paid the running expenses; when I visited a bank, I wanted to learn how the money was deposited and paid out. By similar firsthand questions, I learned something of the postal system and the military conscription (draft). A perplexing institution was representative government.” Fukuzawa Yukichi Japanese Scholar Selective Borrowing Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 U.S. Civil War 1861-1865Suez Canal 1858-1869 World Events
- 12. 1. What Elementsof traditional Japan can be seen in this scene? 2. List examples of Westernization. 1. What Elements of traditional Japan can be seen in this scene? 2. List examples of Westernization.
- 13. 3. Explain theEmperor’s dilemma (problem).3. Explain the Emperor’s dilemma (problem).
- 14. 4. What orderswere issued against the samurai? Why?4. What orders were issued against the samurai? Why?
- 15. Analyze the strategyof each army and the reactions of those involved.Analyze the strategy of each army and the reactions of those involved.
- 16. How does thisimage show a change in the way the Japanese view the West?How does this image show a change in the way the Japanese view the West? Hiking Through The West, 1870- Kanagaki Robun Un-enlightened ManHalf-enlightened Man Enlightened Man You guys are soooo last year. Hey, you’ve got to keep up with the times. This fraud in the top hat is a disgrace to Japanese culture.
- 17. Political Reforms “Rich Country,Strong Army!” •Centralized Nation-State •Equality under the law •1889 – Emperor issues a “voluntary gift” to the people – a constitution •Developed a Parliament called the Diet •Emperor still had power – influenced by oligarchy •Centralized Nation-State •Equality under the law •1889 – Emperor issues a “voluntary gift” to the people – a constitution •Developed a Parliament called the Diet •Emperor still had power – influenced by oligarchy Military Reforms •Abolished Samurai class •No longer allowed to carry swords •Created modern army based on conscription from all classes •Created modern navy •Abolished Samurai class •No longer allowed to carry swords •Created modern army based on conscription from all classes •Created modern navy
- 18. Economic Reforms “RichCountry, Strong Army!” • Newly developed State Banks funded new roads, railroads • Guilds and road tariffs abolished to create national market • Land reform/new agricultural techniques increased food • Government dominated mines, shipyards, heavy industry • Created postal system, commercial laws, schools • Newly developed State Banks funded new roads, railroads • Guilds and road tariffs abolished to create national market • Land reform/new agricultural techniques increased food • Government dominated mines, shipyards, heavy industry • Created postal system, commercial laws, schools Silk factories 1915 Private Enterprise in the Textile Industry Silk factories 1915 Private Enterprise in the Textile Industry New Western style public educationNew Western style public education State Sponsored Industry: Ministry of Industry 1870State Sponsored Industry: Ministry of Industry 1870
- 19. Reactions to Westernization SomeSamurai found new opportunities in political and business areas The Mitsubishi CompanyThe Mitsubishi Company • 1868- Iwasaki Yataro won government contracts for railroad and steamship lines and competed with British • Created a loyal management group of former samurai • Expanded business to include shipbuilding, mining, transportation and banking. “Zaibatsu” families – Large firms that owned most private industry “Zaibatsu” families – Large firms that owned most private industry Iwasaki Yataro
- 20. Unquestioning Admiration OfThe West? What is the main idea of this picture? What is the author’s point of view?
- 21. Reactions to WesternizationReactionsto Westernization The Satsuma Rebellion 1877The Satsuma Rebellion 1877 Takamori Saigo: The Last Samurai Many samurai were desperate with their situation and the loss of their former status. They gathered under Takamori Saigo and fought the battle of Satsuma In 1877. It was a clash of traditional samurai weapons against a modern army. 60,000 government troops faced 40,000 rebels. The battle was a short one. The samurai rebels were completely defeated in a bloody battle. Takamori Saigo was wounded and committed suicide in samurai tradition. He became a hero for the Japanese.
- 22. Rebellions/Reactions – GlobalContext Can you recall similar reactions/rebellions during the age of imperialism? Hints: • All felt threatened by Western imperialism and the changes that modern life and technology would have on their cultures. • All made calls for a return to the “true” traditional values of their culture and to purify themselves. •All believed that by being truly traditional they would have the spiritual power to overcome the immoral Westerners and their modern technology. • All fought bravely even though it was essentially suicide to go up against the Western powers. • All failed. Zulu Wars Taiping Rebellion Boxer Rebellion Sepoy Mutiny
- 23. Social Changes andContinuitiesSocial Changes and Continuities • Universal _________ system stressing science, technology, and loyalty to the nation. • Adopted western fashions in dress, personal care, calendar, metric system • ____________ led to smaller families, high divorce rate, poor treatment of workers •High taxes caused poverty and violent protests •Efforts to create unions and strikes were met with harsh repression Changes: Continuities: • _________ gained followers, loyalty to the emperor. • Women still seen as _______ - some daughters were sold • Confucian based moral instruction, formalities, and diet remained constant •Tradition of selective borrowing •Pride and honor in military power education Urbanization Shintoism inferior
- 24. Strains of ModernizationStrainsof Modernization •Poor living standards existed in crowded cities •Political differences led to instability and frequent assassinations of leaders •Constant questioning and debate about ______________ •Disgruntled _________ class • Need for raw materials Problems:Problems: Solutions:Solutions: •Urged loyalty to the Emperor as a center of _______________ •Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 •Russo-Japanese War 1904 •Imperialism of Korea: Annexed in 1910 Westernizatio n Samuarai national identity Empire of the Rising Sun
- 25. Comparison to ChinaComparisonto China 1. Compare the actions of Japan and China in these two political cartoons. 2. What do you think led to the condition of each nation?
- 26. Imperialism in EastAsiaImperialism in East Asia Which nation surprisingly has a sphere of influence in China?
- 27. Western ____________ wasadopted which allowed the Japanese to fully ______________ in less than 50 years. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese no longer feared that they would be _____________. Rather, they set out to practice imperialism themselves to obtain power and ________ __________. Japan was quickly emerging as a world-class power using western technology and methods while still maintaining its ___________ _________ values. Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts technology industrialize imperialized natural traditional resources cultural This period was known as the _____ _____________.Meiji Restoration
- 28. Landscape art ofthe 16th Century displays themes of isolation, reflection, and simplicity. Japanese artists and scholars, emulated their Chinese mentors. This reflective, somewhat romantic ink landscape includes pale touches of red and yellow. Japanese Art Over Time
Editor's Notes
- #12 US Civil war distracted America from the Pacific, The Taiping Rebellion and Suez Canal were seen as crucial enterprises for the West to solve. Selective borrowing enabled the Japanese to quickly modernize and avoid Western Imperialism. These factors all gave Japan the time it needed to upgrade its military and make the necessary political and economic changes to become the main power in the East.