Megha Tomar
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Marketing intermediaries help connect producers and consumers and include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing agencies, and financial institutions. There are four main types of intermediaries: agents who sell to other intermediaries, wholesalers who buy and store bulk products, distributors who have close relationships with manufacturers, and retailers who sell directly to consumers. Intermediaries allow manufacturers to reach more customers through their resources and relationships.
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This document discusses different types of middlemen in distribution channels. It defines middlemen as institutions or businesses between producers and final buyers that facilitate the flow of goods. The main types of middlemen discussed are agent middlemen (e.g. brokers, commission agents) and merchant middlemen (e.g. wholesalers, retailers). Wholesalers purchase goods in bulk from manufacturers and sell them in smaller quantities to retailers. Retailers then sell directly to end consumers. The document outlines various functions and classifications of these middlemen.
Distribution Management.pptx
This document discusses distribution management and distribution channels. It defines distribution management as overseeing the movement of goods from suppliers to point of sale, including packaging, inventory, warehousing, supply chain and logistics. A distribution channel is the chain of businesses that a good passes through to reach the end consumer. Distribution channels can be short or long and depend on the number of intermediaries. The roles of distribution channels include enhancing efficiency, smoothing the flow of goods and services, reducing transaction costs, facilitating search, and providing proximity to consumers with less required stock from producers. The document also discusses types of distribution channels, market intermediaries, and functions of intermediaries.
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Personal care services provide assistance to those with disabilities or chronic conditions to help them accomplish daily tasks. Assistance can be either hands-on help or cueing to allow the individual to perform the task independently. The document discusses market segmentation, marketing mix, and the need for a marketing information system for personal care organizations to identify trends and innovate services ahead of competitors as lifestyles and environments change over time.
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Reputation management involves shaping public perception of an individual or organization. Online reputation management specifically refers to managing online information. Key strategies include automating reputation monitoring, using multiple tools, encouraging positive reviews, and responding to negatives. Personal branding is establishing a prescribed image through a personal brand. The benefits of personal branding include increased trust, opportunities for publishing and speaking, and networking beyond one's company. Impression management is influencing how others perceive you through controlling information in interactions. Effective ways include appearing superior, providing justification, and credit-taking while maintaining a sense of security.
Megha Tomar
This document discusses perception and attribution. It defines perception as how one understands or notices something using their senses. Perception is affected by characteristics of the perceiver, perceived, and situation. When making judgements about others (person perception), one analyzes consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness to determine if behavior is due to internal or external attribution. Shortcuts in judging others include halo effect, contrast effect, projection, and stereotyping. Perception is selective based on one's interests, background, and attitudes.
Megha Tomar
The document discusses the residential status of individuals and entities under Indian tax law. It defines ordinarily resident, not ordinarily resident, and non-resident status based on the number of days spent in India and the location of control and management. It also outlines the different types of tax liabilities that apply to income based on residential status, such as income earned and received in India, earned in India but received abroad, and earned abroad but received in India.
Megha Tomar
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a technique where managers and employees work together to set goals for a specific period of time. Organizational goals flow top-down and are translated into personal goals for employees. The technique was first championed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s. MBO helps employees understand their duties, sets clear expectations, and leads to motivated employees through effective communication and periodic performance reviews. The process includes defining goals, action planning, and performance appraisals.
Megha Tomar
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a technique where managers and employees work together to set goals for a specific period of time. Organizational goals flow top-down and are translated into personal goals for employees. The technique was first championed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s. MBO helps employees understand their duties, sets clear expectations, and leads to motivated employees through effective communication and periodic performance reviews. However, limitations include that it may ignore workplace culture and conditions, increase comparisons between employees, and lack innovation if employees only do what is asked.
Megha Tomar
1) A budget is a detailed plan of operations for a future period that guides current operations and provides a basis for later performance evaluation.
2) Budgets can be classified according to time (long-term or short-term), function (sales, production, costs, etc.), or flexibility (fixed or flexible).
3) Key functional budgets include the sales budget, production budget, cost of production budget, purchase budget, personnel budget, research and development budget, capital expenditure budget, and cash budget. The master budget incorporates all functional budgets.
Os
An operating system is software that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware, managing tasks like file management, memory usage, processes, input/output, and peripheral devices. There are several types of operating systems including batch, time-sharing, distributed, network, and real-time. A batch operating system does not allow direct user interaction, a time-sharing system enables many users to use a computer simultaneously, and a distributed system connects multiple computers over a network.
Prof p.k.
The document discusses the recommendations of the Narsimham Committee I and II on financial sector reforms in India. Narsimham Committee I recommended reducing SLR and CRR over time to allow banks to lend more productively. It also recommended redefining priority sectors, deregulating interest rates, reducing number of public sector banks, establishing an asset reconstruction fund, and allowing profitable banks to raise capital from markets. Narsimham Committee II focused on strengthening banks, adopting the narrow banking concept for weak banks, raising capital adequacy norms, reviewing bank ownership models, and updating banking laws.
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The document discusses best practices for running effective corporate meetings. It provides guidelines for planning meetings, such as circulating agendas in advance and taking notes on agreed upon actions and responsibilities. Additionally, it notes that factors like the situation, organizational context, team members, meeting aims should influence how meetings are run. Meetings are meant to lead to outcomes like decisions, discussions, planning, and idea generation in order to improve management, communication, productivity and problem solving within an organization.
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Megha Tomar
- 1. Presentation By :- Megha Tomar, Minu Baranwal, Priyanka Joliya, Rajat Bansal BBA Sem 4th (A)
- 4. A marketing intermediary is the link in the supply chain that links the producer or other intermediaries to the end consumer. Marketing intermediaries refers to resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing services agencies, and financial intermediaries. Marketing services agencies are companies that offer services, such as conducting marketing research, advertising, and consulting. Financial intermediaries are institutions, such as banks, credit companies, and insurance companies.
- 6. There are four generally recognized broad groups of intermediaries: Agents Wholesalers Distributors Retailers
- 11. Direct And Indirect Channels Manufacturers sell products and services to their customers through direct and indirect channels. Where manufacturers sell direct to customers through their own sales force or website, they do not require intermediaries. If they wish to sell to customers and prospects their sales teams cannot reach, they appoint intermediaries to act on their behalf. Intermediaries may have additional resources and relationships to supplement to a manufacturer’s own sales and marketing resources, enabling it to reach a wider customer base.
- 13. Selling Through Agents Agents act as independent representatives for manufacturers, selling to other intermediaries such as wholesalers or retailers. These agents can be individuals or companies. Agents earn commission or fees for the sales they make or the services they provide. They form a valuable extension to a manufacturer’s internal sales resources.
- 15. Reaching More Customers Through Retailers Independent stores and retail chains sell products to consumers and business customers. By appointing retailers, manufacturers can reach different areas of the country and target smaller customers they could not afford to serve directly. Retailers buy products for resale direct from manufacturers or from wholesalers. They generally stock goods from many different suppliers, including competitive offerings in the same product category, so manufacturers must use incentives and discounts to encourage retailers to push their products in order to achieve strong sales.
- 17. Simplifying Logistics through Wholesalers Wholesalers buy products in bulk from a number of different manufacturers, stocking them in warehouses and selling them to retailers. By holding stock, wholesalers enable manufacturers to supply customers in different regions without investing in their own warehousing facilities. Wholesalers also help manufacturers reduce their logistics costs by delivering stock to retailers or offering stores a collection service.
- 18. Cooperative Marketing Through Distributors Distributors carry out similar functions to wholesalers, But generally have closer working relationships with manufacturers. Distributors may have exclusive arrangements with manufacturers and do not carry competing products. They may be part of a franchise, only offering the products of one manufacturer. Like wholesalers, they provide valuable warehousing and logistical functions for manufacturers. They may also participate in cooperative marketing programs with suppliers, improving sales for manufacturers.