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The document proposes combining GPS and GSM Cell-ID positioning to enable proactive location-based services while reducing power consumption on mobile terminals. It presents a layered architecture with positioning server and develops strategies like reference strategy and circle-based strategies where the positioning server assigns movement areas and polls terminals when areas are exited. An evaluation shows the strategies combining GPS and Cell-ID positioning on both client-side and server-side can positively impact battery lifetime on mobile terminals.
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suggest that V2I and indoor femto-cells should be allocated at different spectrum. The reason
being that mounted roof-top antennas facing the indoor cells generate unacceptable interference
levels. On the other hand, in-vehicle communication and indoor cells can share the spectrum
thanks to the vehicle body isolation and the lower transmit power levels that can be used inside
the vehicle.
Adaptive position update for geographic routing in mobile ad hoc networks
The document proposes an Adaptive Position Update (APU) strategy for geographic routing in mobile ad hoc networks. APU dynamically adjusts the frequency at which nodes broadcast updates about their position based on their mobility and proximity to packet forwarding paths. This reduces update costs and improves routing performance compared to periodic broadcasting or other updating schemes. APU incorporates rules where nodes with less predictable movement or near forwarding paths update more frequently. Simulations show APU generates similar or less overhead than other schemes but achieves better delivery ratios and delays.
M74 info5 se24_lte and lte-a coexistence simulation assumption and methodolog...
The document describes Monte Carlo simulation assumptions and methodology for studying coexistence between LTE/LTE-A networks and other radio systems. Monte Carlo simulations randomly distribute user equipment and base stations, then calculate interference over multiple snapshots. They provide a realistic way to model interference aggregation compared to worst-case or average analyses. The methodology involves simulating an LTE/LTE-A network with random user placement, traffic and scheduling models, then calculating downlink/uplink interference levels and throughput.
A COGNITIVE RADIO SCHEME FOR DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION BASED ON QOE
This paper introduces a cognitive radio scheme based on quality of experience (QoE). QoE involves the
mobile end user’s preferences. Considering QoE can lead to an improved cognitive radio resource
management strategy. The cognitive radio scheme aims to manage the traffic flow in dynamic systems; it is
a new way of thinking about dynamic resource management in cellular systems. The Use of the cognitive
radio techniques in cellular systems will improve the resource assignment in wireless communication. The
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efficient way. The proposed algorithm is very successful at handling the call-blocking rate based on QoS
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Meeting2008.03.11
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Mobile positioning technology has become important for both emergency and commercial services by allowing cellular networks to locate stolen phones, handle emergency calls, implement location-based billing, and predict user movement. However, accurate location estimation is challenging when the direct signal path is blocked. This paper presents a simple method for high-accuracy mobile tracking and positioning using location tracking curves to address this non-line-of-sight problem. It discusses technologies like GPS, DGPS, WAAS and techniques like handset-based, direction-based and distance-based positioning that are used for geolocation services in cellular networks.
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This document discusses the system architecture of location-based services (LBS) based on spatial information integration. It introduces the basic components of an LBS system including the client, network, and server. A five-level hierarchical architecture is proposed consisting of a central data network, positioning parameters meaning level, positioning computation level, positioning coordination level, and application level. Ten primary functions of an LBS system are analyzed such as inverse geographical coding, neighborhood query, and real-time information distribution. Finally, an application case of LBS using the MapXtreme platform is described.
NOVEL POSITION ESTIMATION USING DIFFERENTIAL TIMING INFORMATION FOR ASYNCHRON...
Positioning techniques have been a common objective since the early development of wireless networks. However, current positioning methods in cellular networks, for instance, are still primarily focused on the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which has several limitations, like high power drainage and failure in indoor scenarios. This study introduces a novel approach employing standard LTE signaling in order to provide high accuracy positioning estimation. The proposed technique is designed in analogy to the human sound localization system, eliminating the need of having information from three spatially diverse Base Stations (BSs). This is inspired by the perfect human 3D sound localization with two ears. A field study is carried out in a dense urban city to verify the accuracy of the proposed technique, with more than 20 thousand measurement samples collected. The achieved positioning accuracy is meeting the latest Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requirements in the planner dimension.
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Intelligent location tracking scheme for handling user’s mobility
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
telenity
Location based services (LBS) use a mobile device's positioning information to offer personalized location-aware services to users. LBS can be categorized into services like public safety, location-based charging, tracking, and information services. Key positioning techniques include Cell Global Identity (CGI), Enhanced CGI (E-CGI), triangulation, and Global Positioning System (GPS). CGI provides coarse location within a cell while E-CGI offers greater accuracy using timing advance. Triangulation and GPS provide more precise location data. Assisted GPS (A-GPS) improves GPS performance using assistance data from cellular networks, allowing for faster positioning in difficult environments.
Iaetsd location-based services using autonomous gps
This document summarizes a research paper on developing an Android application using autonomous GPS to provide location-based services. The key points are:
1) It proposes an Android app that uses autonomous GPS (rather than cellular networks) to track a user's location in real-time. Autonomous GPS can find location faster and with lower cost compared to existing location-based systems.
2) The app is designed to find and tag services and people with their locations. It will display locations on a map using the Android location API and Google Maps API.
3) Autonomous GPS determines location directly from GPS satellites without needing wireless data, resulting in faster location fixes, lower cost, and less battery usage compared to assisted
Location Update In Mobile Ad Hoc Network Using Markov Model
The location in a mobile ad-hoc network, where each node needs to maintain its location
information. which frequently updating its location information within its neighboring region, which is
called neighborhood update (NU).and updating its location information to certain distributed location server
in the network, which is called location server update (LSU). The operation costs in location updates and the
performance losses of the target application due to location application costs which imposes question for
nodes to decide the optimal strategy to update the location information, where the optimality is used for
minimizing the costs. The location update decision problem is modeled as a Markov Decision Process
(MDP). The monotonicity properties of optimal NU and LSU operations with respect to location application
cost under a general cost setting. Separable cost structure shows the location update decisions of NU and
LSU. Which can be independently carried out without loss of optimality that is a separation property. From
the separation property of the problem structure and the monotonicity properties of optimal actions which
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prior knowledge of the MDP model is available, then also it introduces a model-free learning approach to
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Reducing handoff delay by adaptive threshold tuning and location updates in m...
In wireless networks data are sent and received with impressive speed and ease. Mobile WiMAX is a broadband wireless solution that enables coverage of mobile and fixed broadband networks with flexible network architecture. Devised as a truly broadband access solution, the WiMAX technology offers promising features in terms of high bandwidth, extended coverage area and low cost. Despite having many advantages, WiMAX faces major research issues like QoS based bandwidth allocation, Roaming, Internetworking with other technologies, security and handoff. Handoff occurs when a mobile user goes from one cell to another without interruption of ongoing session. Many approaches have been proposed for reducing handoff delay. In this paper, we propose a new approach by which a critical area, an area far away from serving base station but still inside the coverage of serving base station, is found. And then overlapping area between serving base stations and neighboring base station are found and tabulated. According to the size of overlapping area, different weights are assigned where handoff threshold is changed adaptively to reduce handoff delay.
Reducing handoff delay by adaptive threshold
In wireless networks data are sent and received with impressive speed and ease. Mobile WiMAX is a
broadband wireless solution that enables coverage of mobile and fixed broadband networks with flexible
network architecture. Devised as a truly broadband access solution, the WiMAX technology offers
promising features in terms of high bandwidth, extended coverage area and low cost. Despite having
many advantages, WiMAX faces major research issues like QoS based bandwidth allocation, Roaming,
Internetworking with other technologies, security and handoff. Handoff occurs when a mobile user goes
from one cell to another without interruption of ongoing session. Many approaches have been proposed
for reducing handoff delay. In this paper, we propose a new approach by which a critical area, an area
far away from serving base station but still inside the coverage of serving base station, is found. And then
overlapping area between serving base stations and neighboring base station are found and tabulated.
According to the size of overlapping area, different weights are assigned where handoff threshold is
changed adaptively to reduce handoff delay.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Prototyping the Future Potentials of Location Based Services in the Realm of ...
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This document summarizes a proposed method for location management in cellular networks using user movement patterns. The method uses a mobility data table (MDT) to predict a user's location based on their movement history within different hourly time slots. The MDT is updated each night with the user's cell ID for each time slot from their device's cache memory. When a call arrives for a user, the MDT is checked to page the predicted cell ID for that time slot first before paging other cells, reducing costs. Simulation results showed this method reduces location management costs compared to existing static and dynamic methods.
Mobile relay configuration in data intensive wireless sensor networks
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Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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真实网上可查的证明材料
1教育部学历学位认证留服官网真实存档可查永久存档。
2留学回国人员证明（使馆认证）使馆网站真实存档可查。
我们对海外大学及学院的毕业证成绩单所使用的材料尺寸大小防伪结构（包括：皇家墨尔本理工大学皇家墨尔本理工大学本科学位证成绩单隐形水印阴影底纹钢印LOGO烫金烫银LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕激光镭射紫外荧光温感复印防伪）都有原版本文凭对照。质量得到了广大海外客户群体的认可同时和海外学校留学中介做到与时俱进及时掌握各大院校的（毕业证成绩单资格证结业证录取通知书在读证明等相关材料）的版本更新信息能够在第一时间掌握最新的海外学历文凭的样版尺寸大小纸张材质防伪技术等等并在第一时间收集到原版实物以求达到客户的需求。
本公司还可以按照客户原版印刷制作且能够达到客户理想的要求。有需要办理证件的客户请联系我们在线客服中心微信：95270640 或咨询在线父亲的家很狭小除了一张单人床和一张小方桌几乎没有多余的空间山娃一下子就联想起学校的男小便处山娃很想笑却怎么也笑不出来山娃很迷惑父亲的家除了一扇小铁门连窗户也没有墓穴一般阴森森有些骇人父亲的城也便成了山娃的城父亲的家也便成了山娃的家父亲让山娃呆在屋里做作业看电视最多只能在门口透透气不能跟陌生人搭腔更不能乱跑一怕迷路二怕拐子拐人山娃很惊惧去年村里的田鸡就因为跟父亲进城一不小心被人拐跑了至今不见踪影害不
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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Optimizing Net Interest Margin (NIM) in the Financial Sector (With Examples).pdf
NIM is calculated as the difference between interest income earned and interest expenses paid, divided by interest-earning assets.
Importance: NIM serves as a critical measure of a financial institution's profitability and operational efficiency. It reflects how effectively the institution is utilizing its interest-earning assets to generate income while managing interest costs.
Ending stagnation: How to boost prosperity across Scotland
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
快速办理(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SMU毕业证书)南卫理公会大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
在线办理(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(TAMU毕业证书)美国德州农工大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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