This document discusses different types of patient monitoring for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It describes monitoring as the observation of medical parameters over time, either continuously via sensors or periodically. There are several classifications of monitoring based on the target parameter, including cardiac monitoring via electrocardiography, hemodynamic monitoring of blood pressure and flow, respiratory monitoring of oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide levels, neurological monitoring of brain waves and intracranial pressure, and monitoring of blood glucose and during childbirth. Medical monitors use sensors and displays to continuously measure and record vital signs and physiological parameters.
Monitoring is essential in any kind of medical practice. It is the observation of disease, condition and several other parameters over time. Usually a medical monitor is used for continuously measuring vital signs.
GSM technology is used to monitor the different parameters of an ICU patient remotely and also control over medicine dosage is provided. Measurements of vital signs and behavioral patterns can be translated into accurate predictors of health risk ,even at an early stage and can be combined with alarm triggering systems in order to initiate the appropriate actions. The conventional methods including wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes for HR and HRV, the capnograph device for respiratory status and pulse oximetry for oxyhemoglobin saturation provide excellent signals but are expensive, troublesome and inconvenient. A method to monitor physiological information based on GSM offers a new means for health monitoring. In this paper, we review the latest developments in monitoring and discuss the challenges and future directions for this field.
Multipara monitor -Application and Maintenanceshashi sinha
A multiparameter monitor is a medical device for monitoring a patient's vital signs. It is mainly used in intensive care, hospitalization or Emergency Room.
It is also known as Vital Signs Monitor in its basic model. In general, basic models are used to monitor cardiac activity (ECG), blood pressure (NIBP), respiration (RESP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and temperature (TEMP).
Health monitoring of patient using Telemedicine and android technologyMohammad Zakriya
Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinic medicine where medical information is
Transferred through the phone or internet or other networks for the purpose of consulting and performing remote medical procedures or examinations. Telemedicine can be applied to a greater extend in the field of cardiology where ECG serves as the major tool. This project elaborates the experience; a methodology adopted and highlights various design aspects to be considered for making telemedicine in patient monitoring system effective.
In this method, the patient’s vital signs like ECG, heart rate, breathing rate, temperature,SpO2 are captured and the values are entered into the database. It is then uploaded into the web based server and sent to the doctor’s phone using ANDROID technology. It also enables the doctors to instantly send back their feedback to the nurse station.
Siva Hospitals
Ethamozhi Puthalam Road, Eathamozhi, Tamil Nadu 629501
Healthcare is no more about bringing just medical facilities to you. Its about integrating these facilities along with technology, know-how of advancing medical sciences, hospitality; functioning as a whole with humane at its core value in serving humanity.
Siva Hospitals understands this perfectly and constantly strives to bring you the best in healthcare advancements from around the world. To find out how we could serve you, read on
Monitoring is essential in any kind of medical practice. It is the observation of disease, condition and several other parameters over time. Usually a medical monitor is used for continuously measuring vital signs.
GSM technology is used to monitor the different parameters of an ICU patient remotely and also control over medicine dosage is provided. Measurements of vital signs and behavioral patterns can be translated into accurate predictors of health risk ,even at an early stage and can be combined with alarm triggering systems in order to initiate the appropriate actions. The conventional methods including wet adhesive Ag/AgCl electrodes for HR and HRV, the capnograph device for respiratory status and pulse oximetry for oxyhemoglobin saturation provide excellent signals but are expensive, troublesome and inconvenient. A method to monitor physiological information based on GSM offers a new means for health monitoring. In this paper, we review the latest developments in monitoring and discuss the challenges and future directions for this field.
Multipara monitor -Application and Maintenanceshashi sinha
A multiparameter monitor is a medical device for monitoring a patient's vital signs. It is mainly used in intensive care, hospitalization or Emergency Room.
It is also known as Vital Signs Monitor in its basic model. In general, basic models are used to monitor cardiac activity (ECG), blood pressure (NIBP), respiration (RESP), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and temperature (TEMP).
Health monitoring of patient using Telemedicine and android technologyMohammad Zakriya
Telemedicine is a rapidly developing application of clinic medicine where medical information is
Transferred through the phone or internet or other networks for the purpose of consulting and performing remote medical procedures or examinations. Telemedicine can be applied to a greater extend in the field of cardiology where ECG serves as the major tool. This project elaborates the experience; a methodology adopted and highlights various design aspects to be considered for making telemedicine in patient monitoring system effective.
In this method, the patient’s vital signs like ECG, heart rate, breathing rate, temperature,SpO2 are captured and the values are entered into the database. It is then uploaded into the web based server and sent to the doctor’s phone using ANDROID technology. It also enables the doctors to instantly send back their feedback to the nurse station.
Siva Hospitals
Ethamozhi Puthalam Road, Eathamozhi, Tamil Nadu 629501
Healthcare is no more about bringing just medical facilities to you. Its about integrating these facilities along with technology, know-how of advancing medical sciences, hospitality; functioning as a whole with humane at its core value in serving humanity.
Siva Hospitals understands this perfectly and constantly strives to bring you the best in healthcare advancements from around the world. To find out how we could serve you, read on
Intensive care unit (ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment.
ECG machines -Operation and Maintenanceshashi sinha
ECG (or Electrocardiographs) machines are used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart and display it on a small screen or record it on a piece of paper. The recordings are used to diagnose the condition of the heart muscle and its nerve system.
This slide summarize all the ways to measure the blood pressure in an very easy manner.This slide specially explains all invasive methods of blood pressure measurement with real world images and examples.
A medical support services provider based in Irvine, California, Cardiac Monitoring Services provides physicians with detailed report summaries of electrocardiograms (ECG). Thanks to the reports created by Cardiac Monitoring Services, cardiologists can analyze a patient’s heart rhythm and diagnose any abnormalities. ECG results can help physicians diagnose heart attacks, as well as a number of other potentially serious cardiovascular conditions.
enteral nutrition, advantages,enteral formulas ,contraindications ,
diabetic specific formulas , carbohydrate ,open system
closed system , external medicine ,
nursing process , steps , assessing, planning ,nursing diagnosis :
actual , wellness, risk , possible , syndrome
steps in diagnostic process
factors , outcomes
Intensive care unit (ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment.
ECG machines -Operation and Maintenanceshashi sinha
ECG (or Electrocardiographs) machines are used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart and display it on a small screen or record it on a piece of paper. The recordings are used to diagnose the condition of the heart muscle and its nerve system.
This slide summarize all the ways to measure the blood pressure in an very easy manner.This slide specially explains all invasive methods of blood pressure measurement with real world images and examples.
A medical support services provider based in Irvine, California, Cardiac Monitoring Services provides physicians with detailed report summaries of electrocardiograms (ECG). Thanks to the reports created by Cardiac Monitoring Services, cardiologists can analyze a patient’s heart rhythm and diagnose any abnormalities. ECG results can help physicians diagnose heart attacks, as well as a number of other potentially serious cardiovascular conditions.
enteral nutrition, advantages,enteral formulas ,contraindications ,
diabetic specific formulas , carbohydrate ,open system
closed system , external medicine ,
nursing process , steps , assessing, planning ,nursing diagnosis :
actual , wellness, risk , possible , syndrome
steps in diagnostic process
factors , outcomes
Definition and components of reproductive health?
Demographic trends and fertility determinants
Family planning
Impact of reproductive patterns on child health
Impact of reproductive patterns on women health
Mechanisms to reduce morbidity and mortality
SlideShare now has a player specifically designed for infographics. Upload your infographics now and see them take off! Need advice on creating infographics? This presentation includes tips for producing stand-out infographics. Read more about the new SlideShare infographics player here: http://wp.me/p24NNG-2ay
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No need to wonder how the best on SlideShare do it. The Masters of SlideShare provides storytelling, design, customization and promotion tips from 13 experts of the form. Learn what it takes to master this type of content marketing yourself.
10 Ways to Win at SlideShare SEO & Presentation OptimizationOneupweb
Thank you, SlideShare, for teaching us that PowerPoint presentations don't have to be a total bore. But in order to tap SlideShare's 60 million global users, you must optimize. Here are 10 quick tips to make your next presentation highly engaging, shareable and well worth the effort.
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Are you new to SlideShare? Are you looking to fine tune your channel plan? Are you using SlideShare but are looking for ways to enhance what you're doing? How can you use SlideShare for content marketing tactics such as lead generation, calls-to-action to other pieces of your content, or thought leadership? Read more from the CMI team in their latest SlideShare presentation on SlideShare.
Each month, join us as we highlight and discuss hot topics ranging from the future of higher education to wearable technology, best productivity hacks and secrets to hiring top talent. Upload your SlideShares, and share your expertise with the world!
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How to Make Awesome SlideShares: Tips & TricksSlideShare
Turbocharge your online presence with SlideShare. We provide the best tips and tricks for succeeding on SlideShare. Get ideas for what to upload, tips for designing your deck and more.
RESUSCIATION EQUIPMENTS IN INTENSISIVE CARE UNITSANILKUMAR BR
Intensive care unit (ICU) equipment includes patient monitoring, respiratory and cardiac support, pain management, emergency resuscitation devices, and other life support equipment .
They are designed to care for patients who are seriously injured, have a critical or life-threatening illness, or have undergone a major surgical procedure thereby requiring 24-hour care and monitoring.
Intensive care unit equipment includes
Patient monitoring devices
Life support and emergency resuscitation devices, and
Diagnostic devices.
Cardiac monitoring(presentation ) for medical studentsNehaNupur8
presentation on cardiac monitoring , different tools and mechanism used for monitoring one of the vital organ of our body that is heart. specially for medical students, made by basic bsc students of nursing
Holter Monitor: A Comprehensive Guide to Continuous Heart Monitoring | The Li...The Lifesciences Magazine
Holter Monitor is a portable device used for continuous monitoring of a person's heart activity, typically over a 24 to 48-hour period. It records the heart's electrical activity, providing valuable insights into irregularities.
Since the beginning of human history, people have been keeping track of the vital signs of one another by using a variety of techniques to record information such as the rate at which the heart beats, the temperature of the body, the rate at which the lungs breathe, and the blood pressure in the arteries. In this article, Gleamed explores the origins of Patient Monitoring Systems, traces their development over the course of several centuries, and investigates the capabilities of modern patient monitoring systems.
earning money from slideshare. Users can upload files privately or publicly in the following file formats: PowerPoint, PDF, Keynote or OpenDocument presentations. Slide decks can then be viewed on the site itself, on hand held devices or embedded on other sites.Launched on October 4, 2006, the website is considered to be similar to YouTube, but for slideshows. It was acquired by LinkedIn in 2012.The website was originally meant to be used for businesses to share slides among employees more easily, but it also has expanded to become a host of a large number of slides that are uploaded merely to entertain.Although the website is primarily a slide hosting service, it also supports documents, PDFs, videos and webinars. SlideShare also provides users the ability to rate, comment on, and share the uploaded content.
Bile or liver problem causing yellowness
• A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, or sclera of the eyes, jaundice indicates excessive levels of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin in the blood.
• In fair-skinned patients, it’s most noticeable on the face, trunk, and sclera; in dark-skinned patients, on the hard palate, sclera, and conjunctiva.
Complicated diverticular disease
Diverticulitis is the most usual clinical complication of
diverticular disease, affecting 10–25% of patients with
diverticular.
The process by which diverticulitis arises has been likened to that of appendicitis, with a diverticulum becoming obstructed by inspissated stool in its neck.
This faecalith abrades the mucosa of the sac, causing inflammation and expansion of usual bacterial flora, with
diminished venous outflow and localised ischaemia.
Bacteria may breach the mucosa and extend the process
through the full wall thickness, ultimately leading to
perforation.
A philosophy for everyday life is, in other words, an investigation of the raw reality of life, philosophy is necessary because—this is my claim or thesis—we still have not tasted life in all its richness. We tend to cling on to certain norms or ideals in a way that does not honour our own experience and intuition.
At worst our life becomes an imitation, image or representation of more authoritative ideals. An image is a copy, that is, a simulation of the real reality. We have lost contact with life because we follow ideas or images of how life should be. We live our life as an imitation of a moral model, as if such a model was not just another human artifact.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
1. Topic- Monitoring the
condition of patient
with diseases of
cardiovascular and
respiratory systems
Subject – Clinic / Pre physician
2. Monitoring
• Monitoring is the observation of a
disease, condition or one or several
medical parameters over time.
• It can be performed by
continuously measuring certain
parameters by using a medical
monitor (for example, by
continuously measuring vital signs
by a bedside monitor), and/or by
3.
4. Medical monitor
• A medical monitor or physiological
monitor is a medical device used for
monitoring. It can consist of one or
more sensors processing
components, display devices (which are
sometimes in themselves called
"monitors"), as well as communication
links for displaying or recording the
results elsewhere through a monitoring
network.
5.
6. Classification by target
parameter Monitoring can be
classified by the target of
interest, including:
• Cardiac monitoring which generally
refers to
continuous electrocardiography with
assessment of the patients condition
relative to their cardiac rhythm. A small
monitor worn by an ambulatory patient
for this purpose is known as a Holter
monitor Cardiac monitoring can also
7.
8.
9. Hemodynamic monitoring
• It monitors the blood pressure
and blood flow within the circulatory
system. Blood pressure can be measured
either invasively through an inserted
blood pressure transducer assembly, or
noninvasively with an inflatable blood
pressure cuff.
10.
11. Respiratory monitoring
• Pulse oximetry which involves
measurement of the saturated
percentage of oxygen in the blood,
referred to as SpO2, and measured by
an infrared finger cuff
• Capnography, which involves
CO2 measurements, referred to
as EtCO2 or end-
tidal dioxide concentration. The
respiratory rate monitored as such is
12.
13.
14.
15.
16. Neurological monitoring
• such as of intracranial pressure Also,
there are special patient monitors which
incorporate the monitoring of brain waves
(electroencephalography gas anesthetic
concentrations, bispectral index(BIS), etc.
They are usually incorporated into
anesthesia machines.
In neurosurgery intensive care units, brain
EEG monitors have a larger multichannel
capability and can monitor other
physiological events, as well.
• Blood glucose monitoring
• Childbirth monitoring