Health technology, as defined by the WHO, involves organized knowledge and skills in various forms to solve health issues and improve lives. Patient monitoring, particularly through multiparameter monitors, tracks key vital signs and other critical parameters in settings such as hospitals and homes, facilitating real-time tracking and remote data transmission. The document emphasizes the components of medical monitors, troubleshooting steps, and preventive maintenance for ensuring effective operation.

1. Health technology is defined by the
World Health Organization as the
"application of organized knowledge and
skills in the form of devices, medicines,
vaccines, procedures, and systems
developed to solve a health problem and
improve quality of lives“

2. Multi
Paramonitor
• Health
Technology
Management
Series
• Dr. S.B.Sinha

3. Multiparameter
Monitors-
Module
Dr.S.B.Sinha- Ex President
Biomedical Engineering
Society of India

4. Patient
Monitoring As the name implies patient
monitoring is monitoring the
condition of a patient in a hospital
or home environment.
The monitoring is done round the
clock in a Monitor. Since various
critical parameters are monitored
it is known as Multipara monitor
or in its basic module it is also
known as Vital Signs Monitor.

5. What are
vital
signs?
Vital signs are measurements of the body's most
basic functions. The four main vital signs routinely
monitored by medical professionals and health
care providers include the following:
• Body temperature
• Pulse rate
• Respiration rate (rate of breathing)
• ECG and Heart Rate
Blood pressure (Blood pressure is not considered a
vital sign, but is often measured along with the
vital signs.)
Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring
medical problems. Vital signs can be measured in
a medical setting, at home, at the site of a
medical emergency, or elsewhere.

6. Patient Monitors Parameters

7. Other Critical Parameters in ICU
The other parameters being monitored in the ICU are:
1. Cardiac Output- It is the Volume of Blood pumped by Heart in one
minute. It reflects the efficiency of Heart.
2. Temperature
3. EtCO2.- -End-tidal carbon dioxide is the level of carbon dioxide that is
released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the
adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back
to the lungs and exhaled.
4. SpO2- Oxygen saturation is a vital parameter to define blood
oxygen content and oxygen delivery.
5. Invasive Blood Pressure.- Invasive (intra-arterial) blood
pressure (IBP) monitoring is a commonly used technique in the
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and is also often used in the operating
theatre. This technique involves direct measurement of arterial
pressure by inserting a cannula needle in a suitable artery.

8. Specific
Physiological
Monitoring
The specific physiological
monitoring can be
incorporated as specific need:
• Anesthesia Gas Monitoring.
• Neurological Monitoring is done
through EEG and Intracranial
Pressure-ICP monitoring.
• Hemodynamic Monitors- These
monitor the Hemodynamic
parameters like Cardiac Output,
Stroke Volume etc of the blood
flow.
• Blood Glucose Monitors specifically
monitor the Blood Glucose levels.

9. Components of Medical monitor
• Sensor and Transducers- Convert the physiological signals into
electrical signals.
• Modules- Processes the electrical signals for displaying on
Monitors.
• Display device- LCD/LED/TFT Displays
• Communication links-Interface to other devices like central
monitoring.
• Alarm- Audio and visual alarms for critical parameters.
• Power Supply units- To power the various modules.

10. Spo2 sensor

11. Spo2 sensor board

12. Invasive BP
transducer

13. NIBP CUFF,
CONNECTOR

14. ECG sensor

15. ECG placement

16. ECG sensor board

17. Temp
sensor

18. Unit Dismantling

19. Dismantling
• ECG, NIBP, SpO2, TEMP, RESP, PULSE,
Built-in rechargeable battery

20. Dismantling of
connectors etc.

21. Display dismantling

22. Power supply unit &
fuse

23. Multipara Monitor Modules

24. Realtime
remote
monitoring
of Patients
A multipara monitor can
transmit and receive the data
remotely. Remote monitoring
has several applications.
• Home monitoring of vital parameters
from the Hospital.
• Monitoring of Patient Data in
Ambulance and is transferred to
Emergency Room in the Telemedicine
Centre in Hospital to make doctors
ready with the treatment protocols as
per the Vital Signs.
• Data can be sent to cloud for a
second or expert opinion of an
expert.

25. ICU-Central Monitoring Unit
Bed Bed Bed
Bed
Nurse station
Telemetry
WEB
connection

26. Performance
Checking
with a
simulator You can check the performance of the Device with
ProSim 8 from Fluke Biomedical.
Watch the you tube link as below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUNtyaaWZ3Q

27. Troubleshooting
Problem Possible causes and action to be taken
1. The unit is not
powering ON.
Check the Mains Power Supply. If the mains is OK then check
the power cable. If it is OK then open the unit and check for the
fuse in the power supply and replace with the same rating of
Fuse in case of problem. If the fuses are OK check the voltages
at various test points. If nothing works out replace the Power
Supply board.
2. One of the
parameters is not
working.
Check for the performance with a simulator and replace the
module or the cable for that module.
3. The Machine is
switching ON but
the display will not
switch ON.
Check the fuses on the display board and replace if defective.
Else replace the Display Unit.
4. Unit frequently
trips.
Check for the filters and clean the same. If not then do as in
step number 1.

28. Preventive
Maintenance
 Test to ensure the battery is charging correctly, and
holding a charge. Note the charge time, discharge
time and voltage.
 Ensure all alarms are functioning properly,
including the Nurse Call Relay.
 Check the cuff pressure (adult, pediatric or
neonate) at the appropriate rate.
 Check overpressure cut-off.
 Run NIBP characterization test and verification.
 Check SpO2.
 Check for pressure leakage and accuracy.
 Wipe down equipment, and check for any visible
cracks or damage.