This document summarizes various medical instruments commonly used in wards, including their names, functions and brief descriptions. It discusses instruments such as needle forceps, dressing scissors, ear syringes, vomit bowls, sputum mugs, sponge forceps, tongue forceps, episiotomy scissors, gallipots, hot water bags, and peak flow meters. Over 40 different instruments are defined that are used for procedures like suturing, wound dressing, irrigation, specimen collection, holding tools and tissues, and examining various body parts.

1. MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS A Brief Introduction To Medical Instruments That Commonly Used In The Ward September 2009

2. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Needle forceps used to hold or grasp curved needles during various suture procedures.

3. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Dressing scissors To cut gauze while do dressing

4. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Ear Syringes (stainless steel) To put irrigation fluid such as normal saline for ears irrigation

7. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Iris scissors It small, 3-4 inches long with sharp points, used for ophthalmic surgery e.g.: iridectomy

8. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Stitch Scissors Function is to cut sutures Have a straight-shaped point on one blade to cut under the stitch before cutting it with the opposing blade

10. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Curved mayo scissors Both blades are slightly curved and blunt ended tips. Function: - used for cutting deep, heavy, or tough tissue

11. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Straight mayo scissors Both blades are straight and blunt ended tips. Function: - suture cutting scissors, normally not used on tissue.

15. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Tongue forceps/ Tongue holder These forceps hold tongue during surgery or to prevent it from falling back so as not to obstruct breathing

20. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Disposable Dissecting Forceps Function:  use during dressing (used for grasping, manipulating, or extracting, especially such an instrument, cotton or gauze)

21. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Test Tube Holder Function: To hold the test tube when they are hot and untouchable

22. Aneurysm Needle Function; To catch small blood vessel and nerve.

23. Introducer Function; To make a hole for chest tube or peritoneal insertion Trocar Introducer MARA University of Technology Malaysia

24. Proctoscope -to examine the anal cavity, rectum or sigmoid colon.

25. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Probe To measure the depth of wound , sinus

28. MARA University of Technology Malaysia KIDNEY DISH to receive and hold soiled dressings, fluids, needles, or the instrument needed for a minor procedure and other medical waste

29. MARA University of Technology Malaysia CLIP REMOVAL / CLIP APPLICATOR to remove the staplers from the skin to a clamping or surgical stapling device for joining tissue applied to close or connect incisions and skin wounds

30. MARA University of Technology Malaysia MOUTH GAG Functions: To open the mouth. Used during doing mouth toilet at the comatose patient.

31. MARA University of Technology Malaysia UMBILICAL CORD SCISSORS Functions: To cut and clamp off the umbilical cord following birth.

32. TONGUE DEPRESSOR Have thin wooden blade, smoothed and rounded at both ends 1) To suppress the tongue to allow for examination of the mouth and throat. 2) To spread ointments and to mix medications.

33. MARA University of Technology Malaysia adult children Mcgill Forceps 1) To guide a tracheal tube into the larynx or a nasogastric tube into the esophagus under direct vision. 2) To place pharyngeal packs and remove foreign bodies The handles are specially curved so that operator’s hand does not obstruct his view.

35. Thudichum’s nasal speculum (cont.) MARA University of Technology Malaysia

36. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Peak flow meter Function: measures the patient's maximum speed of expiration, or peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR or PEF). (Wikipedia, 2009)

38. Peak flow meter (cont.) MARA University of Technology Malaysia ZONE READING DESCRIPTION Green zone 80-100% of the usual or normal peak flow readings. A peak flow reading in the green zone indicates that the asthma is under good control. Yellow zone 50-80% of the usual or normal peak flow readings. Indicates caution. It may mean respiratory airways are narrowing and additional medication may be required. Red zone Less than 50% of the usual or normal peak flow readings. Indicates a medical emergency. Severe airway narrowing may be occurring and immediate action needs to be taken. This would usually involves contacting the health practitioners or hospital.

39. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Measuring jug Functions: To measure fluids. (urine, vomitus, PD fluid, drainage and etc)

40. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Toothed dissecting forceps Functions: easily grasp small objects or tissue to move and release it to grasp and hold tissue.

41. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Non-toothed dissecting forceps Functions : for holding structures and restricting their movement to hold small swabs.

42. MARA University of Technology Malaysia CURVE MOSQUITO FORCEPS Allow easier placement of ligatures around the forceps Use in surgery for temporary occlusion of a vessel

43. MARA University of Technology Malaysia STRAIGHT MOSQUITO FORCEPS For grasping artery or blood vessel To hold delicate tissue Use in most surgical procedure

47. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Tuning Fork Used to determine whether a hearing loss is conductive or perceptive. Can be Weber test or Rinne test.

48. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Crocodile Forceps To remove foreign body from ear, nose, throat (ENT) procedure.

49. Artery Forceps Artery forceps are primarily use as haemostatic forceps to grasp vessels and allow ligation of those vessels. They vary in size for use on fine, delicate vessels to large vascular pedicles. Artery forceps can also be used to grasp tissues, sutures and other prosthetic materials.

50. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Cusco/Vaginal/Duck Bill Speculum A vaginal speculum is a vital medical instrument that retracts the vaginal walls, to visualize the interior aspects of the vagina. The device will prevent the vaginal walls from collapsing during a surgical procedure or in gynecological examination. It also used in taking specimen such as pap smear.

51. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Trachea Dilator To keep the tracheostomy open

52. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Drainage Bag’s Hanger To hangs the drainage bag at the bedside.

53. MARA University of Technology Malaysia Medicine Cup To put medication (syrup/tablet) into it.