General instruments in this ppt. completely describe of general instrument.

1. Prashant kumar
Diploma in operation theater technician
Year 2020-2022
King georg’s medical university
Instituteof paramedical sciences facuty
lucknowu.p

2. Instrument
•Common name of the
instrument
•Common uses
•Common surgery in which use
•Other uses
•Sterilisation method

4.  Curved blade with large serration.
 It has no catch lock.
 Usually dipped in antiseptic solution
cidex/savlon in O.T.
Uses-
 Sterilised and autoclave articles like
instrument, drapes.
 Transfer sterilised article from one tray to
another.

6.  Tip of the blade are oval, fenestrated and
with horizontal serration on its inner aspect.
 Catch lock for firm grip of swab/sponge.
 Long shaft and blade provided to prevent
instrument from touching and unsterilefield.
Key point-
 For abdomen surgery area from mid chest to
mid thigh needed to be exposed and pointed.

7.  To paint and operative field, first
savlon(cetrimide solution) followed by spirit
and 2-3 coats of povidine-iodine solution is
used.
Uses-
 To clean the operative area.
 For swabing and backing cavities.
 To hold shaft hollow organ like
gallbladder,fundus in cholecytectomy.

8.  Can hold cervix in pregnant patient.
 Can be used in place of ovum forceps.
 Can be used as a tounge holding forceps.

10.  It is also called as surgeon knife.
 It is shaft with group are serration for better
griping.
 It have slot for attaching scalpel blade.
 The most common size – 3,4
Blade no. 11,15 – (3) BP handle no.
Blade no. 21,23 – (4) BP handle no.

11. Uses-
 It is used to give skin incision in surgery.
 It is used to do sharp desection to rise skin
flap in surgeries like MRM, thyroidectomy,
incisional hernia.

12. Allis Tissue Forceps-

13.  Its blade are straight elong the axis with gap
to accommodate to the tissue in between.
 It have sharp teeth at the tip which interlock
on closing with minimal crushing of tissue.
 In this instrument catch lock mechanism are
present.

14.  It is used to hold thin but tough(hard)
structures skin, deep fascia, rectus sheath
e.t.c.
 It is used to hold the fibrous capsule of a
structure for dissection.
 It is used to hold to skin margin while rising
skin flapsin surgeries. Ex- thyroidectomy,
MRM, neck section.
 It can be used in place of towel clip.

16.  It is not traumatic type, it have curved and
fenestrated plated, allow a bulky amount of
tissue to be held in between.
 Blade tip have transverse serrations.
 The fenestrated in the blades makes the
instrument lite.
Uses-
 It is used to hold delicate the shaft tissue,
appendix, urinary bladder, ureter, cord,
lymph node.

18.  It has a single sharped tooth at the tip of one
blade and the groove at the tip of another
blade.
 The blade are conical and blunt with
transverse serration on inner margin.
 It may be straight or curved.
 It has catch lock mechanism are present.

19.  To hold spermatic cords at deep ring before
cutting and ligatting it during high inguinal
orchiectomy (also k/a orchidectomy).
 To hold the rib during rib resection.
 It is used to hold tough fibrous fascia palm
and soles.
 It is used to hold pedicals with major vessel
during surgery like splenectomy,
nephrectomy etc.

20.  It is two types – Halsted mosquito forceps
- Spencer wells artery
forceps

22.  It is very small in size.
 It have pointed tips.
 It is used to hold small pointed bleeding
sides.
 To separate glans penis from inner surface of
prepuce in circumcission.

24.  May be small/medium/long.
 Long artery forceps use for drain insertion in
peritoneal cavity and hold in deeper tissue in
surgeries like – cholecystectomy.
•Its blade have transverse serration, well
apposed with no gap in between.
•Its blade are usually half and the length
of the shaft.
•It may straight or curved.
•Catch lock mechanism are present.

25.  It is used as a haemostat.
 It is used to hold the cut edge of fascia,
aponeurosis, peritoneum.
 It is used to open up abscess cavity.
 It is used to hold free end of tension.
 It is used to crush the base of appendix.
 To desect the vein while doing veinsection.

27.  To hold delicate suture like peritoneum,
bowl-wall, vessels etc.
 It is used to hold cut margins of intestine
during resection anastomosis.
 To hold skin over face and cartilage for
suturing purpose.
 To hold suture during tension suturing.

29.  Tooth at tip of one blade and groove
at the tip of other blade.
 Which provides better grip of tissue.
Uses-
 It is used to retect skin flap during
various surgeries.
 It is used to hold cut margins of skin
while suturing the wounds.
 To hold touch structures like skin
fascia, rectus sheath etc.

31.  Its have a single sharp teeth at the tip of one
blade and groove at the tip of other blade.
 It have curved thick and fenestrated blade.
 Fenestration make the instrument lite and aid
in tissue holding.
 Catch lock mechanism are present.

32.  It is used to hold tough and bulky tissue like
–
 Skin for apposition.
 Sac lining for incision.
 Appendix during appendectomy.
 It may be used in place of towel clip.
 It is used to hold submandibular or parotid
gland during there surgeries.
 To hold breast tissue while separating it
pectoral fascia in MRM.

34.  Blade with transverse serration near the tip.
 It tips are blunt and non-traumatic.
 No catch-lock mechanism are present.
Uses-
 It is used to drain and abscess by breaking all
locally inside the abscess of cavity.

36.  Surgeries tissue forceps with right angle term
at it tip which permit and alternative
approach to same sides that are in accessible.
 It have transverse serration at tips for better
grip.
Uses-
 It is used to desect calot’s triangle in open
cholecystectomy and to pass the ligazer
around cystic duct and cystic artery.

37.  It is used to dissect the padicals the solid
organs like kidney, spleen etc from adjecent
tissue.
 It is also used as a haemostatic forceps to
hold bleeding vessels as depth.
 To desect arteriovenous structure during
surgery like nephrectomy, spelenctomy,
thyroidectomy.

39.  It have long gentally curve shaft.
 It have fenestrated tip to hold stone properly.
 No serration in the blade or at the tips.
 No catch lock mechanism are present.
 To prevent crushing of stone.
 It is used to remove stone from the common
bile duct (Choledocholithotomy).
 It can be used to remove stone from the
kidney.

40. 1. Langenbeck retractor

41.  It have small solid blade.
 The tip of the blade curved at right angle for
better retraction of tissue.
 Handle is serrated, fenestrated for better grip
and to reduce weight.
Uses-
 It is used to retract skin is weak vessels and
nerve.

42.  It is used to retract different layer of
abdomen while repairing posterior wall in
inguinal hernia repair.
 It is used to retract recti from midline to
reach bladder wall during cystolithotomy.

44.  It have small solid blade on one end and
biflaget on the other at right angle to the
shaft.
 It is also called hernia retractor.
 Hooks and blades are in opposite direction.
 Shaft is fenestrated to reduce to the weight.

45.  It is used to retract subcutaneous tissue in
various surgeries.
 The solid blade is used to retract the margin
of incision.
 Biflanged end is used to give the last stich
during wound closure.

47.  It have large retractor with broad ‘S’ shaped
blades.
 Long handle which end in the form of hooked for
better grip.
Uses-
 To retract intra abdominal viscera like spleen,
liver during surgeries.
 To retract the bladder wall during suprapubic
cystolithotomy.
 To retract the pelvic structures during surgery of
appendix, caecum etc.

49.  It blades have smaller as compared to handle.
 The blades with cris-cross serration with a
groove for the needle.
 It may be short/medium/long.
Uses-
 It is used to hold different type of needle
while suturing and ligation.
 Needle held at the junction of posterior 1/3
and anterior 2/3 of its length.

50. It can have blunt/sharp/pointed tip according
to use –
 It have pivot joint for free and smooth
movement.
 It can be straight or curved.
 No catch lock mechanism are present.
Uses-
 For cutting various structures and sutures.
 It used for sharp dissection of various tissue
in surgeries like MRM, incisional hernia etc.

52.  Long and stout scissors use.
Uses-
 It is used to tough structure like external
aponeurosis like appendectomy.

54.  Lighter than mayo’s
 Long fine scissor with short blades mostly fine
tip.
Uses-
 It is used for fine tissue dissection.
 It is used to dissect hernia sac from cord
structures.
 It is used to cut delicate structures like cystic
duct and artery after ligating them.
 To create a plain between tissue while dissecting
cyst, lipoma etc.

56.  Fine scissors curved on angle type.
 One blade has serration to grip the suture
during its removal.
Uses-
 It is used for cutting suture.