Medical Abortion
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A medical abortion, also known as medication abortion, is a type of non-surgical abortion in which medication is used to bring about abortion. This inflammation is shared with the client in our Clinic.
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A partogram is a graphical chart used to monitor and record the progress of labor. It allows healthcare providers to monitor factors like cervical dilation, fetal descent, fetal heart rate, uterine contractions and maternal vital signs over time. Recording this information on a partogram helps providers identify delays in labor progression early. It is recommended that a partogram be used to record the progress of all women in labor, whether low or high risk. Proper documentation on the partogram is important for continuity of care, decision making, research, review and defending medical actions if needed.
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This document describes the instruments and procedures involved in dilation and curettage (D&C). It explains that D&C involves dilating the cervix and then scraping the uterine lining using curettes. It provides details on the specific instruments in a D&C tray, including speculums, retractors, forceps, dilators, curettes, sounds, and spatulas. Each tool is defined and its uses in procedures like D&C, IUD insertion and removal, and examining the cervix and vagina are outlined.
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Medical termination of pregnancy can be performed using medical or surgical methods. Medical methods involve using medications like mifepristone and misoprostol to induce abortion. Surgical methods involve emptying the uterus using instruments. The MTP Act of 1971 legalized abortion in India and established conditions for when it can be performed and who is qualified to perform it. Common methods include mifepristone followed by misoprostol up to 9 weeks, and dilation and evacuation or prostaglandin administration in the second trimester. Effectiveness depends on gestational age and regimen used.
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Shoulder dystocia
Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby's shoulders become stuck after delivery of the head. It has a low incidence rate of 0.2-1% and risk factors include fetal macrosomia, obesity, diabetes and others. Diagnosis is made when normal maneuvers by the midwife fail to deliver the baby. Management involves calling for help, clearing the baby's airways, and performing maneuvers like McRoberts and Rubin's to rotate the shoulders and decrease their diameter in order to allow delivery. More invasive maneuvers like cleidotomy may be needed if these fail to deliver the anterior shoulder.
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This document provides information on female sterilization as a method of contraception. It discusses the surgical procedure of cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy permanently. Some key points covered include that sterilization is a very effective method with a low failure rate but is also a surgical procedure that carries risks of pain, infection and other complications. The document outlines when sterilization can be performed and considerations around a client's health and ability to provide informed consent. Steps of the procedure and post-operative care are described.
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- Risk factors include previous pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal surgery or infertility treatments. The most common site is the fallopian tube (95-96% of cases).
- Clinical signs can range from asymptomatic to acute abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves transvaginal ultrasound, serum hCG levels and laparoscopy.
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An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. Risk factors include age over 35, previous pelvic or abdominal surgeries, STDs, and fertility treatments. Symptoms can include abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and shoulder pain. Diagnosis involves testing hCG levels in blood and transvaginal ultrasound. Treatment options are medication with methotrexate or laparoscopic surgery to remove the embryo and repair any damage, as rupture can cause life-threatening bleeding.
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Medical termination of pregnancy can be performed using medical or surgical methods. Medical methods involve using medications like mifepristone and misoprostol to induce abortion. Surgical methods involve emptying the uterus using instruments. The MTP Act of 1971 legalized abortion in India and established conditions for when it can be performed and who is qualified to perform it. Common methods include mifepristone followed by misoprostol up to 9 weeks, and dilation and evacuation or prostaglandin administration in the second trimester. Effectiveness depends on gestational age and regimen used.
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Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, accounting for over 100,000 deaths per year. Active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL) involving prophylactic oxytocin, controlled cord traction, and uterine massage can prevent 60% of PPH cases. For women without risk factors, oxytocin is the recommended agent for AMTSL, while carboprost is effective for treatment of PPH. Clinical evidence shows carboprost provides powerful uterine contraction with fewer side effects compared to other uterotonics like methylergometrine. Proper identification of risk factors and preparedness are important for reducing the burden of PPH.
Shoulder dystocia
Shoulder dystocia occurs when the baby's shoulders become stuck after delivery of the head. It has a low incidence rate of 0.2-1% and risk factors include fetal macrosomia, obesity, diabetes and others. Diagnosis is made when normal maneuvers by the midwife fail to deliver the baby. Management involves calling for help, clearing the baby's airways, and performing maneuvers like McRoberts and Rubin's to rotate the shoulders and decrease their diameter in order to allow delivery. More invasive maneuvers like cleidotomy may be needed if these fail to deliver the anterior shoulder.
Female sterlization
This document provides information on female sterilization as a method of contraception. It discusses the surgical procedure of cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy permanently. Some key points covered include that sterilization is a very effective method with a low failure rate but is also a surgical procedure that carries risks of pain, infection and other complications. The document outlines when sterilization can be performed and considerations around a client's health and ability to provide informed consent. Steps of the procedure and post-operative care are described.
Normal Labour
Normal labour is defined as spontaneous onset at term, with a single vertex fetus and no complications. Labour progresses through three stages: cervical dilation, birth of fetus, and delivery of placenta. Cervical dilation occurs in latent and active phases, with the active phase involving accelerated, maximum, and decelerated dilation. Uterine contractions and retraction of the upper uterine segment apply force to dilate the cervix around the presenting fetal part. Moulding of the fetal skull allows adaptation to the pelvis during birth.
Caesarean section
The document discusses Caesarean section, including indications, types, procedure, complications, and mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies. A Caesarean section is a surgical procedure to deliver one or more babies through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. The rate of Caesarean sections has increased from 5% in 1970 to 25% in 1990 due to factors such as abandoning difficult procedures in favor of C-sections and increased use for breech births. Complications can include hemorrhage, infections, and injuries to the mother or baby.
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The document discusses active management of the third stage of labor to minimize complications. It outlines the key components of active management, which include the use of oxytocics like oxytocin, controlled cord traction to deliver the placenta, uterine massage after delivery, and examination of the birth canal and placenta. The benefits of active management are highlighted as enhancing placental separation, safe placental delivery, and minimizing bleeding to reduce risks like postpartum hemorrhage.
presentaion on perineal tear
This case report describes a 20-year-old woman who experienced a third degree perineal tear and cervical tear during her vaginal delivery. She underwent repair of the tears which involved suturing the anal mucosa, external and internal sphincters, and left side of the cervix. Her post-operative recovery included antibiotics, sitz baths, and pelvic floor exercises. Perineal tears can occur due to obstetric factors like prolonged labor or operative delivery, and non-obstetric injuries. They are classified based on the extent of tissue involvement and proper identification and repair is important for recovery.
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This document discusses emergency contraception (EC), including its history, methods, mechanisms of action, indications, and recommendations. EC aims to prevent pregnancy after unprotected intercourse by disrupting ovulation or fertilization. The two main methods are hormonal EC using combined or progestin-only pills, and mechanical EC using a copper IUD. Hormonal EC is most effective when used as soon as possible within 5 days of intercourse. The document recommends making EC widely available without a prescription to help prevent unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions.
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An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. If not treated promptly through medication or surgery, it can cause the tube to rupture and result in life-threatening bleeding. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, along with transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG blood tests. While ectopic pregnancies were once fatal, modern medical techniques have reduced the mortality rate by 90% through early detection and treatment to remove or destroy the growing pregnancy.
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1. Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus and sometimes other reproductive organs. It can be performed abdominally through an incision in the abdomen, vaginally through the vagina, or laparoscopically through small incisions using specialized instruments.
2. Over 600,000 hysterectomies are performed annually in the US, most commonly to treat benign conditions like fibroids, endometriosis, or uterine prolapse. The preferred method is vaginal hysterectomy when possible due to faster recovery.
3. Risks of hysterectomy include earlier menopause, increased risks of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, as well as potential short-term risks like infection,
COMBINED ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS AND NEWER ADVANCES IN CONTRACEPTION BY DR S...
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The document summarizes the procedure for a vasectomy. A small incision is made in the scrotum using local anesthesia. A piece of vas deferens at least 1cm long is removed after clamping and the cut ends are ligated and folded away from each other. Sterility is not immediate and may take up to 30 ejaculations. Potential complications include pain, infection, and spontaneous recanalization. The document also describes the non-scalpel vasectomy procedure and post-operative care instructions.
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A surgically planned incision on the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall during the second stage of labour is called episiotomy.
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- Clinical signs can range from asymptomatic to acute abdominal pain and bleeding. Diagnosis involves transvaginal ultrasound, serum hCG levels and laparoscopy.
- Treatment depends on stability but may include expectant management, systemic or local methotrexate, or surgical
instruments ostetrics and gynaecology ppt
This document summarizes various gynecological and obstetric instruments. It describes speculums, retractors, forceps, dilators, catheters, and other tools used in procedures like dilation and curettage, hysterectomy, cesarean section, and laparoscopy. Each instrument is briefly explained along with its uses and advantages. A wide range of common medical devices are covered, from speculums and tenaculums to vacuum extractors and fetal stethoscopes.
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This document provides instructions for using mifepristone and misoprostol pills to terminate a pregnancy. It outlines the two-step regimen, with the first step involving taking one mifepristone pill followed by the second step of taking four misoprostol pills buccally 24-48 hours later. The document describes expected bleeding and cramping, signs that medical attention may be needed, and follow-up care after the procedure.
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Differennce between an abortion pills and morning after pillsAbortionpillrx.com-Womens health online store
The difference between abortion pills and birth control pill wich important to get an idea about wich is right pills for you.Abortion pills preferred over surgical abortion for safety
Abortion pills are the safest and highly recommended medical way of abortion extensively employed in the execution of an abortion to end an early pregnancy of 7 to 9 weeks of gestation. Abortion pills are the highly appraised medial way for abortion for women who are willing to annihilate their pregnancy in a safe and successful way without any complication. Mifepristone and Misoprostol are the two counteractive moieties present in Abortion pills. Visit: http://www.abortionpill24.net/buy-abortion-pills-mifepristone-and-misoprostol-online.html
Family planning
This document discusses various contraceptive methods including hormonal and barrier methods. It provides details on typical and perfect use failure rates. Combined oral contraceptives are discussed in depth, including examples available in Malaysia, when to start, missed pill rules, and side effects. Progestogen-only pills and injectable methods like Depo Provera are also summarized. Intrauterine devices including copper and hormonal options are covered as well as risks, contraindications and timing of insertion. The importance of counseling and tailoring the contraceptive choice to the individual's health needs is emphasized for effective prepregnancy care and contraceptive success.
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Differennce between an abortion pills and morning after pills
Differennce between an abortion pills and morning after pills
Abortion pills preferred over surgical abortion for safety
Abortion pills preferred over surgical abortion for safety
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Safety is a fundamental system property
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Minimum investigation in pregnancy
The document provides contact information for an OBGYN clinic located in Bolangir, Odisha, India. The clinic, OBGYN CLINIC BOLANGIR, is on Straight Lane behind the Civil Court in Bolangir. The email contact for the clinic is drsujnanendra@gmail.com.
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Surgical wound care is an important component of Surgery. Recent development in the subject is complied.
POST CESAREAN DISCHARGE INSTRUCTION
It usually takes about 6 weeks to recover from your c-section but this will depend on your individual situation. If you had any problems during or after your c-section, or if you’re looking after other children at home, you may feel you need more time to recover.
Post hysterectomy instructions
The female reproductive system is a very complex system. And as with any system, occasionally, things go wrong. When treatments and therapies can't fix an issue, sometimes surgery is required. Surgery to remove a woman's uterus or womb, a major component of this system, is called hysterectomy
Women’s health miscarriage
An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It's also sometimes known as a termination of pregnancy. The pregnancy is ended either by taking medicines or having a surgical procedure. The decision to have an abortion is yours alone.
Some women may be certain they want to have an abortion, while others may find it more difficult to make a decision.
All women requesting an abortion can discuss their options with, and receive support from their care provider, if they wish.
mRNA vaccine, a new era of vaccination ODIA
Vaccines help prepare the body to fight foreign invaders (pathogens such as bacteria or viruses), to prevent infection. All vaccines introduce into the body a harmless piece of a particular bacteria or virus, triggering an immune response. Most vaccines contain a weakened or killed bacteria or virus. However, scientists have developed a new type of vaccine that uses a molecule called messenger RNA (or mRNA for short) rather than part of an actual bacteria or virus. Messenger RNA is a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production. In cells, mRNA uses the information in genes to create a blueprint for making proteins. Once cells finish making a protein, they quickly break down the mRNA. mRNA from vaccines does not enter the nucleus and does not alter DNA.
Deficiency of thyroid hormone in pregnancy
Pregnancy is a period that places great physiological stress on both the mother and the fetus. When pregnancy is compounded by endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, the potential for maternal and fetal adverse outcomes can be immense. While a lot of attention has been focused on the adverse fetal outcomes consequent to hypothyroidism, attention is also being gradually directed towards the adverse maternal outcomes of this disorder. Role of antibody positivity in influencing outcomes in a euthyroid woman, also needs further clarification. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is very essential. Subclinical hypothyroidism also needs to be detected and treated to prevent adverse outcomes, especially maternal. Since women with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, especially of the autoimmune variety might have a flare up of the disorder post-partum, or might continue to require thyroxine replacement post-partum, adequate follow-up is mandatory. While targeted case finding is generally practised, recent evidence seems to indicate that universal screening might be a better option. In conclusion, routine screening, early confirmation of diagnosis and prompt treatment. Allied with regular post-partum follow up, is required to ensure favourable maternal and fetal outcomes.
ସିକିଲ୍ ସେଲ୍ ରୋଗୀଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସୂଚନା
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder affecting red blood cells. Normal red blood cells contain hemoglobin A. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells containing mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. These red blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent-shaped), and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels. There are several different types of sickle cell disease; the most common types are homozygous sickle cell disease (SS disease), and sickle-cell beta thalassemia (Sß+ or Sß0 disease).
Gestational tropoblastic disease odia edited
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) forms a group of disorders spanning the conditions of complete andpartial molar pregnancies through to the malignant conditions of invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and the veryrare placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT). There are reports of neoplastic transformation of atypicalplacental site nodules to placental site trophoblastic tumour.If there is any evidence of persistence of GTD, most commonly defined as a persistent elevation of beta humanchorionic gonadotrophin (βhCG), the condition is referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).
Unicef guidance-menstrual-health-hygiene-2019
This section introduces menstrual health and hygiene as a global opportunity to advance gender equality and human rights. Menstruation affects 1.8 billion girls, women and transgender persons globally each month, yet many lack dignified and healthy ways to manage their periods due to gender inequality, poverty and lack of basic services. This negatively impacts lives and restricts opportunities. Investing in menstrual health and hygiene yields benefits for individuals, future generations and society. UNICEF is committed to supporting countries to address menstrual health and hygiene through development and humanitarian programming.
My safe motherhood_booklet_english
This document provides guidance for expecting mothers on prenatal care, nutrition during pregnancy, self-care during pregnancy, postnatal care for mothers and newborns, and breastfeeding. It emphasizes the importance of regular antenatal checkups, a balanced diet, personal hygiene, adequate rest, family support, and seeking medical help for any danger signs. It also outlines vaccination and care needs for newborns. The overall goal is to ensure the health of both mother and child during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum.
Precipitate labour
Labour and childbirth are the most challenging and painful phases of pregnancy. Most mothers-to-be dread facing it and hope it gets over quickly. When labour starts, there is usually a gap between each stage of labour, but when it comes to women going through precipitate labour, everything happens very quickly. Though in some cases it comes as a blessed relief, in others it can be a bit more complicated than that.
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There is general inconsistency in the nomenclature used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) classification system for AUB, which has been approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Executive Board as a FIGO PALM-COEIN classification system.
Placenta previa (odia)
Placenta previa is a condition that may happen during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It's one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding during these trimesters. It happens when the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus. This causes the placenta to block part or all of the opening of the cervix to the vagina (birth canal). It can lead to problems for both the mother and baby. This can include blood loss and premature labor. EVERY PREGNANT WOMEN MUST KNOW ABOUT IT.
Molar pregnancy in ODIA
Molar pregnancy is one of a group of uncommonly occurring conditions called gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that occurs when a pregnancy does not develop properly. There are two types of gestational trophoblastic disease:
NVP ଗର୍ଭାବସ୍ଥାରେ ବାନ୍ତିର ଉପଚାର
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy commonly occurs between 5 and 18 weeks of pregnancy. Between 50 and 90 percent of women with normal pregnancies have some degree of nausea, with or without vomiting. The severity of these symptoms can vary and can last for various periods of time.
"Morning sickness" is the term often used to describe mild nausea and vomiting that occur due to pregnancy (and not due to other illness), even though symptoms may occur at any time of day. "Hyperemesis gravidarum" is the term used to describe a more severe condition. Hyperemesis may cause you to vomit multiple times throughout the day, lose weight, be unable to consume food and liquids, and typically requires evaluation in the hospital and treatment with medication(s).
PREGNANCY FETAL BIOMETRY CHART (India growth standards)
Ultrasonographic determination of fetal size to assess intra-uterine growth restriction is very important in the present day. reports have shown that ethnicity plays a role in fetal growth. This chart will provide The normal and SGA fetal biometry as a ready Reckon-er. Source:- Indchemie Health Specialties Pvt. Ltd
MISCARRIAGE News letter Feb. 2020
A miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is an event that results in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically happens during the first trimester, or first three months, of the pregnancy.
Zero Trimester
Every woman should be thinking about her health whether or not she is planning pregnancy. One reason is that about half of all pregnancies are not planned. Unplanned pregnancies are at greater risk of preterm birth and low birth weight babies. Another reason is that, despite important advances in medicine and prenatal care, about 1 in 8 babies is born too early. Researchers are trying to find out why and how to prevent preterm birth. But experts agree that women need to be healthier before becoming pregnant. By taking action on health issues and risks before pregnancy, you can prevent problems that might affect you or your baby later.
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Texting and Email Communication: Understand the compliance requirements for electronic communication.
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Enroll Now to secure your spot in this crucial training session and ensure your HIPAA compliance is robust and audit-ready.
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Tips for Healthy Eating: Offers practical advice such as incorporating a variety of foods, practicing moderation, staying hydrated, and eating mindfully.
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Mental Benefits: Explains the psychological advantages, including stress reduction, improved mood, and better sleep.
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Encourages consistency, variety in exercises, setting realistic goals, and finding enjoyable activities to maintain motivation.
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This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
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Tobacco Use: Immediate effects include increased heart rate, while long-term risks encompass cancer and heart disease.
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Prevention Strategies: Education, healthy coping mechanisms, community support, and policies are vital in preventing substance use.
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Seeking Help for Addiction: Recognizing signs, available treatments, support systems, and resources are essential for recovery.
Personal Stories: Real stories of recovery emphasize hope and resilience.
Interactive Q&A: Engage the audience and encourage discussion.
Conclusion: Recap key points and emphasize the importance of awareness, prevention, and seeking help.
Resources: Provide contact information and links for further support.
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Medical Abortion
- 1. Information on Early Medical Abortion You have decided to terminate your pregnancy medically. The medical method is carried out in 3 steps and consists of taking 2 drugs: • Mifepristone interrupts the pregnancy by blocking the hormone needed to maintain the pregnancy (progesterone). • Prostaglandin (Misoprostol) induces contractions and expulsion of the pregnancy. Mifepristone and misoprostol work together to induce a miscarriage. THE PROCESS ( Before providing such service, we need to confirm that it is an intrauterine pregnancy of within 9 weeks duration) In most cases, one can perform your usual activities. • If you vomit within 1,5 hours following drug intake, contact us in order to determine whether another drug dose is necessary. rare occasions, there is heavy bleeding with blood clots and cramping. • It is possible to expel the pregnancy at this stage (happens in 3% of the cases). Bleeding does not indicate that the pregnancy has been terminated, regardless of how heavy it may be. So, it is essential to take the prostaglandin 36 to 48 hours later as per the schedule. Step II) Prostaglandin to be used on …………………………………………………………at bedtime. What can happen after prostaglandin intake? o After prostaglandin intake, you should do everything you like to do. If you have the procedure at home, it is preferable to remain comfortable and to have somebody with you. o The prostaglandin induces uterine contractions and pain similar to or stronger than menstrual pain. Do not hesitate to take the pain killers that were prescribed to you. o You may experience nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. o Expulsion of the pregnancy is usually associated with bleeding that is often heavier than menstrual bleeding. The gestational sac is sometimes visible in the form of a 1 to 3 cm gelatinous white ball. Bleeding can happen quickly after prostaglandin intake, but it may also happen later, sometimes only the next day: In 60% of cases, expulsion will occur within 4 hours of prostaglandin intake. – In other cases, expulsion will happen within 24 hours to 72 hours of prostaglandin intake. Bleeding lasts about 2 weeks and is generally less abundant than during your period. If you are still bleeding 3 weeks after prostaglandin intake, you should contact your physician. IF AT ANY TIME you are worriedor if the following occurs: fever (lasting longer than 24 hours), pain that persists despite taking analgesics, significant and persistent blood loss (use of more than 2 sanitary pads per hour for 2 hours) or faintness, please contact your nearby health facility or us. Step I) Mifepristone tablets taken on ………….………………………………………. at ……….……………. What can occur after mifepristone intake? • You will most probably not feel any difference until you take the second drug, the prostaglandin. • On the evening of the following day, some women may experience period like bleeding, feel tired and have some pain. On O BG YN BO LAN G IR O BG YN BO LAN G IR
- 2. o After an abortion, fertility resumes immediately. Pregnancy can occur with your First sexual intercourse after an abortion. It is essential to start contraception immediately. If you choose the contraceptive pill, start the pack on ……………………………………………. Step III) Follow up examination on ………………………………………………at ………………………..……… The follow up examination must take place Day 15 after mifepristone intake. We will verify that the pregnancy has ended (the failure rate for the method is below 5%) and make sure there are no complications. The efficacy of the method is generally verified by ultrasound examination and/ or a pregnancy test in urine or blood (β-hCG). CAUTION! In case of failure, it is advisable to terminate the pregnancy by surgical method, in case you decide to continue, there is higher risk of baby born being malformed. Dr. Sujnanendra Mishra OBGYN BOLANGIR We remind, every life is ONE of a kind. Abortion is not the answer, Be wise, use contraceptive. O BG YN BO LAN G IR