Every woman should be thinking about her health whether or not she is planning pregnancy. One reason is that about half of all pregnancies are not planned. Unplanned pregnancies are at greater risk of preterm birth and low birth weight babies. Another reason is that, despite important advances in medicine and prenatal care, about 1 in 8 babies is born too early. Researchers are trying to find out why and how to prevent preterm birth. But experts agree that women need to be healthier before becoming pregnant. By taking action on health issues and risks before pregnancy, you can prevent problems that might affect you or your baby later.
Embryo implantation in the region of a previous caesarean section scar is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication of a previous cesarean birth.
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
MD.,M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc Obstetrics and GynecologyConsultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
GOVT. OF INDIA GUIDELINES 2014ON STANDARDS OF FEMALE STERILISATION, Dr. Sh...Lifecare Centre
GOVT. OF INDIA GUIDELINES 2014ON STANDARDS OF FEMALE STERILISATION, Dr. Sharda Jain , Female sterilisation new, Dr. Sharda Jain , sterlisation , contraceptive
Embryo implantation in the region of a previous caesarean section scar is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication of a previous cesarean birth.
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
MD.,M.B.B.Ch., M.Sc Obstetrics and GynecologyConsultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
GOVT. OF INDIA GUIDELINES 2014ON STANDARDS OF FEMALE STERILISATION, Dr. Sh...Lifecare Centre
GOVT. OF INDIA GUIDELINES 2014ON STANDARDS OF FEMALE STERILISATION, Dr. Sharda Jain , Female sterilisation new, Dr. Sharda Jain , sterlisation , contraceptive
Robert P. Edwards, MD, Chair of OB/GYN/RS, Co-Director of Women's Cancer Program at University of Pittsburgh, offers information about the current state of immunotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
This presentation describes in detail about managing Rh negative pregnancy- to identify and manage Rh non-isommunized and Rh isoimmunized pregnancies, with recent advances
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
Robert P. Edwards, MD, Chair of OB/GYN/RS, Co-Director of Women's Cancer Program at University of Pittsburgh, offers information about the current state of immunotherapy for recurrent ovarian cancer patients.
This presentation describes in detail about managing Rh negative pregnancy- to identify and manage Rh non-isommunized and Rh isoimmunized pregnancies, with recent advances
Uterus Transplantation Utx (obstetric and gynecology) D.A.B.M
Is the surgical procedure whereby a healthy uterus is transplanted into an organism of which the uterus is absent or diseased.
As part of normal mammalian sexual reproduction, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic implantation, effectively rendering the female infertile.
This phenomenon is known as Absolute Uterine Factor Infertility (AUFI).
Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
Uterus is a dynamic, complex organ. It is hugely blood-flow dependent.
More than 116,000 Number of men, women and children on the national transplant waiting list as of August 2017.
33,611 transplants were performed in 2016.
20 people die each day waiting for a transplant.
every 10 minutes another person is added to the waiting list.
The primary aim of preconception and interconception care is to improve maternal health and birth outcome for mother, infant and family through prevention and interventions.
Preventive pediatrics in Child Health NursingDhara Vyas
Preventive pediatrics has been defined as the prevention of diseases and the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being for children to reach optimal growth and development.
Discover the essential steps and expert advice for optimal pre-conception care. Learn how to enhance your fertility, ensure a healthy pregnancy, and lay the foundation for your baby's lifelong well-being
Patient information to complete the Soap Note. See attachment .docxssuser562afc1
Patient information to complete the Soap Note. See attachment
Family Medicine 12: 16-year-old female with vaginal bleeding and UCG
User:
Beatriz Duque
Email:
[email protected]
Date:
August 28, 2020 8:38PM
Learning Objectives
The student should be able to:
Describe the essential features of a preconception consultation, including how to incorporate this content into any visit.
Discuss chlamydia screening.
Demonstrate the use of the HEEADSS adolescent-interviewing technique.
Recognize pregnancy: intrauterine, ectopic, and miscarriage.
Discuss options during an unplanned pregnancy.
Select initial prenatal labs.
Counsel a pregnant patient for healthy behavior, folic acid supplementation, and immunizations.
Outline normal progression of symptoms and physical exam findings during pregnancy.
Demonstrate the management of a miscarriage, including the medical and social follow-up.
Knowledge
Chlamydia: Epidemiology, Course of Disease, and Screening Recommendations
Epidemiology
Chlamydial infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. In 2007, more than 1.1 million chlamydia cases were reported to the CDC. It is thought that another million cases of chlamydia remain unreported.
Course of disease
Chlamydia is often insidious and asymptomatic. In women, genital chlamydial infection may result in urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Chlamydial infection during pregnancy is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, low birth weight, and infant mortality.
Screening recommendations
The USPSTF found fair evidence that nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) can identify chlamydial infection in asymptomatic men and women, including asymptomatic pregnant women, with high test specificity. In low prevalence populations, however, a positive test is more likely to be a false positive than a true positive, even with the most accurate tests available.
Qualities of a Good Screening Test
1. The condition should be an important health problem and the condition screened for must have a high prevalence in the population.
2. There should be a latent stage of the disease.
3. There should also be effective treatment for the condition being screened.
4. Facilities for diagnosis and treatment should be available.
5. There should be a test or examination for the condition.
6. The test should be acceptable to the population and the total cost of finding a case should be economically balanced in relation to medical expenditure as a whole. The potential benefits of early detection and treatment of a condition need to be weighed against many factors, including adverse side effects of the screening test, time and effort required (of both the patient and the health care system) to take the test, financial cost of the test, potential psychological and phys.
Certain investigations are part of routine care during pregnancy. Some of these tests are done with a blood sample. Others use a urine sample or a sample of tissue taken from your vagina, cervix, or rectum. These tests can help find conditions that may increase the risk of complications for you and your fetus. Many problems found by these tests can be treated during pregnancy.
It usually takes about 6 weeks to recover from your c-section but this will depend on your individual situation. If you had any problems during or after your c-section, or if you’re looking after other children at home, you may feel you need more time to recover.
The female reproductive system is a very complex system. And as with any system, occasionally, things go wrong. When treatments and therapies can't fix an issue, sometimes surgery is required. Surgery to remove a woman's uterus or womb, a major component of this system, is called hysterectomy
An abortion is a procedure to end a pregnancy. It's also sometimes known as a termination of pregnancy. The pregnancy is ended either by taking medicines or having a surgical procedure. The decision to have an abortion is yours alone.
Some women may be certain they want to have an abortion, while others may find it more difficult to make a decision.
All women requesting an abortion can discuss their options with, and receive support from their care provider, if they wish.
Vaccines help prepare the body to fight foreign invaders (pathogens such as bacteria or viruses), to prevent infection. All vaccines introduce into the body a harmless piece of a particular bacteria or virus, triggering an immune response. Most vaccines contain a weakened or killed bacteria or virus. However, scientists have developed a new type of vaccine that uses a molecule called messenger RNA (or mRNA for short) rather than part of an actual bacteria or virus. Messenger RNA is a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production. In cells, mRNA uses the information in genes to create a blueprint for making proteins. Once cells finish making a protein, they quickly break down the mRNA. mRNA from vaccines does not enter the nucleus and does not alter DNA.
Pregnancy is a period that places great physiological stress on both the mother and the fetus. When pregnancy is compounded by endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism, the potential for maternal and fetal adverse outcomes can be immense. While a lot of attention has been focused on the adverse fetal outcomes consequent to hypothyroidism, attention is also being gradually directed towards the adverse maternal outcomes of this disorder. Role of antibody positivity in influencing outcomes in a euthyroid woman, also needs further clarification. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of hypothyroidism in pregnancy is very essential. Subclinical hypothyroidism also needs to be detected and treated to prevent adverse outcomes, especially maternal. Since women with hypothyroidism during pregnancy, especially of the autoimmune variety might have a flare up of the disorder post-partum, or might continue to require thyroxine replacement post-partum, adequate follow-up is mandatory. While targeted case finding is generally practised, recent evidence seems to indicate that universal screening might be a better option. In conclusion, routine screening, early confirmation of diagnosis and prompt treatment. Allied with regular post-partum follow up, is required to ensure favourable maternal and fetal outcomes.
Sickle cell disease is an inherited blood disorder affecting red blood cells. Normal red blood cells contain hemoglobin A. People with sickle cell disease have red blood cells containing mostly hemoglobin S, an abnormal type of hemoglobin. These red blood cells become sickle-shaped (crescent-shaped), and have difficulty passing through small blood vessels. There are several different types of sickle cell disease; the most common types are homozygous sickle cell disease (SS disease), and sickle-cell beta thalassemia (Sß+ or Sß0 disease).
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) forms a group of disorders spanning the conditions of complete andpartial molar pregnancies through to the malignant conditions of invasive mole, choriocarcinoma and the veryrare placental site trophoblastic tumour (PSTT). There are reports of neoplastic transformation of atypicalplacental site nodules to placental site trophoblastic tumour.If there is any evidence of persistence of GTD, most commonly defined as a persistent elevation of beta humanchorionic gonadotrophin (βhCG), the condition is referred to as gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).
Menstruation and menstrual practices are still clouded by taboos and socio-cultural restrictions resulting in adolescent girls remaining ignorant of the scientific facts and hygienic health practices, which sometimes result into adverse health outcomes.
Menstrual Hygiene is vital to the empowerment and well-being of women and girls worldwide. It is about more than just access to sanitary pads and appropriate toilets – though those are important. It is also about ensuring women and girls live in an environment that values and supports their ability to manage their menstruation with dignity.
Labour and childbirth are the most challenging and painful phases of pregnancy. Most mothers-to-be dread facing it and hope it gets over quickly. When labour starts, there is usually a gap between each stage of labour, but when it comes to women going through precipitate labour, everything happens very quickly. Though in some cases it comes as a blessed relief, in others it can be a bit more complicated than that.
There is general inconsistency in the nomenclature used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) classification system for AUB, which has been approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Executive Board as a FIGO PALM-COEIN classification system.
Placenta previa is a condition that may happen during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. It's one of the most common causes of vaginal bleeding during these trimesters. It happens when the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus. This causes the placenta to block part or all of the opening of the cervix to the vagina (birth canal). It can lead to problems for both the mother and baby. This can include blood loss and premature labor. EVERY PREGNANT WOMEN MUST KNOW ABOUT IT.
Molar pregnancy is one of a group of uncommonly occurring conditions called gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that occurs when a pregnancy does not develop properly. There are two types of gestational trophoblastic disease:
Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy commonly occurs between 5 and 18 weeks of pregnancy. Between 50 and 90 percent of women with normal pregnancies have some degree of nausea, with or without vomiting. The severity of these symptoms can vary and can last for various periods of time.
"Morning sickness" is the term often used to describe mild nausea and vomiting that occur due to pregnancy (and not due to other illness), even though symptoms may occur at any time of day. "Hyperemesis gravidarum" is the term used to describe a more severe condition. Hyperemesis may cause you to vomit multiple times throughout the day, lose weight, be unable to consume food and liquids, and typically requires evaluation in the hospital and treatment with medication(s).
Ultrasonographic determination of fetal size to assess intra-uterine growth restriction is very important in the present day. reports have shown that ethnicity plays a role in fetal growth. This chart will provide The normal and SGA fetal biometry as a ready Reckon-er. Source:- Indchemie Health Specialties Pvt. Ltd
A miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, is an event that results in the loss of a fetus before 20 weeks of pregnancy. It typically happens during the first trimester, or first three months, of the pregnancy.
Two doses of the HPV vaccine are recommended for all boys and girls at ages 9-12; If you wait until they’re older, they may need three doses instead of two.
Children who start the vaccine series on or after their 15th birthday need three shots given over 6 months. If your teen hasn’t gotten the vaccine yet, talk to his/her doctor about getting it as soon as possible. HPV vaccination is also recommended for everyone through age 26 years, if not vaccinated already.
Vaccination is not recommended for everyone older than age 26 years. However, some adults age 27 through 45 years who are not already vaccinated may decide to get HPV vaccine after speaking with their doctor about their risk for new HPV infections and the possible benefits of vaccination. HPV vaccination in this age range provides less benefit, as more people have already been exposed to HPV.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. Beautiful Lines In “Old Testament”
“And the angel of the Lord appeared unto the
woman, and said unto her, ‘Behold now thou
art barren, and bearest not: but thou shalt
conceive and bear a son. Now, therefore
beware, I pray thee, and drink not wine and
strong drink, and eat not any unclean thing.’ ”
3. Intervention delayed = Little done
The heart
starts beating
at 22 days
after
conception
– The neural
tube closes by
28days after
conception
– The palate
fuses at
56days after
conception
4. Absence of Preconception care has Negative health
outcomes:
Maternal and Child Morbidity and Mortality RAISED
• Birth defects • Low birth weight
• Preterm birth • Macrosomia
• Cesarean Section • Mental retardation
• Goiter • Cretinism
• Hypothyroidism • Childhood cancers
• Congenital and Neonatal
infections
• Type 2 diabetes & cardiovascular
disease In later life
• Vertical transmission of HIV / STI • Underweight and stunting
• Reduced breastfeeding • Diarrhea
5. Traditional Thinking:
Healthy Mothers Healthy Babies
Healthy Women Healthy Conception Healthy Pregnancy Healthy Mothers & Babies
FROM
T
O
Health Promotion and Prevention
6. PRESENT DAY “PREGNANCY CARE”
(Conceptual)
Pre
Conception
Period
• ZERO
TRIMESTER
0 to 3
MONTHS
• FIRST
TRIMESTER
4 TO 6
MONTHS
• SECOND
TRIMESTER
7 TO 9
MONTHS
• THIRD
TRIMESTER
3 MONTHS
POSTPARTUM
• FOURTH
TRIMESTER
7. Definition of PCC
A set of interventions that aim to identify and modify biomedical, behavioral,
and social risks to a woman’s health or pregnancy outcome through prevention
and management, emphasizing those factors which must be acted on before
conception or early in pregnancy to have maximal impact.
CDC’s Select Panel on Preconception Care, June 2005
8. Evidence-
PCC Is An Integral Part Of Pregnancy Care
Cardiac Disease 3%
Hypertension 3%
Asthma 6%
Diabetes 9%
On teratogenic drugs 2.6%(Chemo, HU, antiepileptic, etc.)
Overweight or Obese 50%
Not taking folic acid 69%
Dental caries/oral disease (Women 20-39) >80%
Prevalence Of Risk Factors Among Women Prior To Pregnancy
9. Evidence-
PCC Is An Integral Part Of Pregnancy Care
Nearly 4 out of 10 pregnancies are Unplanned.
Adolescent Pregnancies have higher rate of perinatal complications & poor Outcome.
Early Abortions are much higher than expected.
Up to 10% of the pregnant women have prior untreated STI.
Pre-pregnant Maternal Undernutrition and anemia contributes to Maternal Mortality.
Sickle Cell Disease status is not known to many before getting pregnant resulting in
adverse outcome.
Absence of interventions rate of Peripartum Transmission of HIV to child is higher.
Poor knowledge of newborn and childcare results in many Infant deaths.
10. PCC- Objectives
Prior Reproductive awareness
Positive Reproductive life plan
100% Planned pregnancies
Full Health coverage
Early Risk screening
Intensive inter-conception care
11. Projected Outcome of PCC
Minimize unintended pregnancy
Prevent birth defects
Prevent LBW and prematurity
Prevent poor pregnancy outcomes and high recurrence
Promote healthy behaviors and reduce risk-taking behaviors
Prepares and reinforces parents for parenting
Promote family planning
12. Barriers in PCC
Women most in need of preconception care are the least likely to receive counseling
Fragmented health care service delivery system
Lack of treatment services for high-risk behaviors
Inadequate physician reimbursement providing counseling services
Lack of efficacy of counseling provided to unmotivated patients and their partner
Limited number of conditions with evidence-based preconception interventions
Lack of emphasis on risk assessment/health promotion in training programs.
Johnson, K., et al.,
Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care--United States. A report of the CDC/ATSDR
Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2006. 55(Rr-6): 1-23.
14. RISK ASSESSMENT
Reproductive
Medical
Medication
Substance Abuse
Toxins & teratogenic
agents
Nutritional Status
Anthropometric
e.g. BMI)
Biochemical factors
(e.g., anemia)
Clinical factors
Dietary risks
Focused
Anemia
Diabetes
Hypertension
Renal diseases
Tuberculosis
Thyroid
01– Reproductive
Need
02 - HISTORY
03 – Physical
Examination
Infections - STDs
Genetic screening
(racial, ethnic, familial):
Sickle cell anemia
Cystic fibrosis
Thalassemia
Tay-Sachs disease
Psychosocial Screening
depression, anxiety,
domestic violence
Laboratory Invest.
04 – Screening
Is the couple rightly
planning to have her
1st Pregnancy.
If timing of
subsequent
pregnancy is in
compliance to HTSP.
Availability of
Contraceptives.
15. HEALTH PROMOTION
I. NUTRITION
Ideal Weight
◦ BMI 20 to 26 Kg / M²
Nutrition
◦ Balance Diet
◦ Macronutrients
◦ Micronutrients
◦ Five a day Fruits and Vegetables
Supplementation
◦ Folic Acid
◦ No history of NTD: 0.4 mg. daily
◦ Prior infant with NTD: 4.0 mg. daily
◦ Woman with NTD: 4.0 mg. daily
◦ Deficient nutrients e.g. Iron
◦ Avoid overuse of:
◦ Vitamin A (limit to 3,000 IU per day)
◦ Vitamin D (limit to 400 IU per day)
◦ Caffeine (limit to two cups of coffee
or six glasses of soda per day)
16. Based on the patient’s reproductive life plan
◦ Knowledge about Contraception Methods
◦ Availability of basket of choice.
Effective contraceptive use
Usage of emergency contraception
HEALTH PROMOTION
II. CONTRACEPTION
17. HEALTH PROMOTION
III. Healthy behaviors
ENCOURAGE HEALTHY BEHAVIOR
Nutrition
Exercise,
Safe sex
Effective contraceptive use
Dental flossing
Preventive health services
DISCOURAGE HARMFUL BEHAVIOR
Tobacco in any form
Smoking [Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange]
Alcohol
Substance Use
18. HEALTH PROMOTION
IV. Healthy Surroundings
AT HOME
No Domestic abuse and violence
No Intimate partner violence
No smoke
OUT OF HOME
Exposures Environmental and occupational
◦ ionizing radiation,
◦ lead,
◦ mercury,
◦ hyperthermia,
◦ herbicides,
◦ pesticides
20. Interventions
BEHAVIORAL
Avoidance of lifestyle risk factors
Addiction
◦ Alcohol
◦ Smoking
◦ Tobacco
Domestic Violence
Drug Abuse
Psychological Issues
NUTRITIONAL
Screening for anemia
Supplementing iron and folic acid
Supplementing energy- and nutrient-dense food
Salt iodization
Information, education and counselling and Monitoring
nutritional status
Screening, Counselling and Management of diabetes mellitus
Monitoring blood glucose (also in pregnancy)
Promoting exercise
21. Interventions: Females
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
Keeping girls in school measures to prevent early marriage and
coerced sex
Educating girls and boys about sexuality, reproductive health
and contraceptive use
Enabling adolescents to obtain contraceptive services
Empowering girls to resist coerced sex
Engaging men and boys to critically assess norms and practices
regarding gender-based violence and coerced sex
Educating women and couples about the dangers to the baby
and mother of short birth intervals
Providing contraceptives
GENETIC
Taking a thorough family history
Screening for Sickle Cell anemia
Family planning in parents with Genetic
diseases
Genetic counselling
Population Carrier screening and testing
Providing community-based education
Community-wide or national premarital
screening among populations at high risk
22. Interventions: Females
MEDICATION
• Isotretinoins: If used in pregnancy to treat
acne, it can result in miscarriage and birth
defects. Pregnancy prevention should be
practiced in women of reproductive age taking
these drugs.
• Anti-Epileptic Drugs: Certain types of these
drugs are teratogens (e.g. valproic acid).
• Oral Anticoagulants: Drugs for management
of blood clotting such as Warafin have shown
to be teratogenic. Early exposure during
pregnancy could be avoided pre-
conceptionally by switching drugs.
VACCINATION
Human Papillomavirus: Category B- to be avoided during
pregnancy. Ideal for females aged 9–26 years preconceptionally.
Influenza: Women who will be pregnant during the flu season
should be vaccinated with the influenza vaccine.
Rubella : The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated virus and is not
recommended during pregnancy. Avoid pregnancy one month
following immunization this vaccine should be administered to
all susceptible women pre-conceptionally.
Varicella: Preconceptional immunization of women to prevent
disease in the offspring, when practical, is preferred to
vaccination of pregnant women with certain vaccines.
23. Interventions: Females -- INFECTIONS
All pregnant women should be
routinely tested for all these
infections during an early prenatal
visit (e.g. first trimester) in each
pregnancy even if previously
vaccinated or tested.
25. INTERVENTIONS: Males
Alcohol
◦ May be associated with physical and emotional abuse may decrease fertility
◦ May lead to Domestic Violence.
Genetic Counseling
Occupational exposure
◦ Lead
◦ Other Heavy Metals,
Sexually transmitted diseases
◦ syphilis,
◦ herpes,
◦ HIV
26. Diet
Nutritional requirements including folic acid
supplementation
Advice on a healthy diet
Weight
Measurement of body mass index and appropriate advice
Exercise
Advise 150 minutes of exercise per week or 30 minutes on
most days
Pregnancy history
Screen for any modifiable risk factors
Genetic screening
If indicated from personal/family history or ethnic
background
Smoking/alcohol/illicit drugs
Assess of intake and provide appropriate advice
Psychosocial aspects
Screen for domestic violence
Screen for mental health conditions
Medical conditions
Review current disease status and medications
Referral/correspondence with specialist if required
Environmental
Assess work, home and recreational environments
Contraception/family planning
Offer appropriate contraception advice for those not desiring
pregnancy
Breast examination
Dental health check
Screening for sexually transmissible infections and other
infectious diseases
Measles, mumps, rubella, varicella zoster, hepatitis B
Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C with
appropriate pre-test counselling
Cervical screening
Preconception care checklist