Media law
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The document discusses various laws and regulations related to freedom of the press in the United States. It covers the First Amendment protections for press freedom and debates around balancing it with other interests. Various government attempts to restrict the press throughout history are outlined, along with Supreme Court cases related to prior restraint, obscenity, libel, privacy, and access to information. Regulations for broadcast media and debates around censorship are also summarized.
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Media laws
This presentation is for use when covering media law in an introductory mass media course. Includes laws impacting the media, new laws, legal changes, definitions of laws, controversy, 1st amendment laws.
Media law in India
Media law in India is based on parliamentary democracy where the press is free but subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the constitution. Historically, the mass media was controlled by the government but globalization has led to privatization and changes. Print, broadcast, films, advertising and cyber laws regulate these industries in India. Key laws include the Press and Registration of Books Act of 1867, Constitution granting freedom of press in 1950, Cable Television Networks Regulation Act of 1995, Cinematograph Act of 1952 governing films and the Information Technology Act of 2000 covering cyber crimes.
Television regulation
The document summarizes key aspects of television regulation in India through two acts - the Prasar Bharati Act and the Cable Television Networks Regulation Act.
The Prasar Bharati Act establishes the Prasar Bharati corporation to regulate public broadcasting on radio and television. It outlines the composition and roles of the Prasar Bharati Board and Broadcasting Council. The Cable Television Networks Regulation Act requires the registration of cable operators and regulates the transmission of channels and content on cable networks. It prohibits interference with other communication systems and unauthorized transmissions.
Press council ppt
The Press Council of India is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act of 1965 to preserve the freedom of the press and maintain high standards of journalism. It has 28 members including journalists, editors, media owners, and nominees from education, law, and culture. The Council formulates guidelines for newspapers and journalists, handles complaints against the press, and works to uphold press freedom and ethics in India through moral authority rather than legal penalties.
A Brief History Of The Media In The Usa
The media in the United States has gone through several changes throughout history. Early on, the press was seen as important for public discourse and debate. However, over time media became big business, with large companies owning most newspapers and radio/TV stations. Deregulation in the 1980s and 1990s led to even more media consolidation, with just a few huge corporations now controlling around 90% of the market. This raises questions about whether the needs of the public are still being served over pure profit.
History of press laws in india
The document outlines the history of press laws in India from 1818 to independence. It discusses the abolition of censorship in 1818, the introduction of licensing regulations in 1823, and various acts passed throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries like the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, the Newspapers (Incitement of Offences) Act of 1908, and the Indian Press Act of 1910 that imposed restrictions on newspapers. A committee was formed post-independence to review these laws and make recommendations, including repealing repressive legislation and ensuring freedom of press.
Media law & ethics
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else's words, research, or ideas and representing them as your own. There are three types of plagiarists: those who knowingly steal work, those who inadvertently fail to cite sources, and those who do it out of ignorance of plagiarism rules. Journalists face pressures like making stories interesting, being first, appearing objective, including multiple perspectives, and taking an adversarial stance that can contribute to ethical lapses. Ethics involves reasoned consideration of moral principles and dilemmas can involve absolutist deontological approaches versus situational teleological thinking. Common ethical frameworks include Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Aristotle's Golden Mean,
Pci
The document summarizes the role and functions of the Press Council of India (PCI), which acts as a watchdog for the press in India. Some key details:
- PCI was established in 1966 to preserve press freedom and maintain ethical standards. It adjudicates complaints against and by the press.
- It is headed by a retired Supreme Court judge and has 28 other members representing press organizations, parliament, and other fields.
- PCI can issue warnings or censures against newspapers found to have violated ethics codes. It also addresses complaints about authorities impinging on press freedom.
- There is debate around whether PCI should be given penal powers to be more effective, and whether its scope should extend beyond print
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Media laws
This presentation is for use when covering media law in an introductory mass media course. Includes laws impacting the media, new laws, legal changes, definitions of laws, controversy, 1st amendment laws.
Media law in India
Media law in India is based on parliamentary democracy where the press is free but subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the constitution. Historically, the mass media was controlled by the government but globalization has led to privatization and changes. Print, broadcast, films, advertising and cyber laws regulate these industries in India. Key laws include the Press and Registration of Books Act of 1867, Constitution granting freedom of press in 1950, Cable Television Networks Regulation Act of 1995, Cinematograph Act of 1952 governing films and the Information Technology Act of 2000 covering cyber crimes.
Television regulation
The document summarizes key aspects of television regulation in India through two acts - the Prasar Bharati Act and the Cable Television Networks Regulation Act.
The Prasar Bharati Act establishes the Prasar Bharati corporation to regulate public broadcasting on radio and television. It outlines the composition and roles of the Prasar Bharati Board and Broadcasting Council. The Cable Television Networks Regulation Act requires the registration of cable operators and regulates the transmission of channels and content on cable networks. It prohibits interference with other communication systems and unauthorized transmissions.
Press council ppt
The Press Council of India is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act of 1965 to preserve the freedom of the press and maintain high standards of journalism. It has 28 members including journalists, editors, media owners, and nominees from education, law, and culture. The Council formulates guidelines for newspapers and journalists, handles complaints against the press, and works to uphold press freedom and ethics in India through moral authority rather than legal penalties.
A Brief History Of The Media In The Usa
The media in the United States has gone through several changes throughout history. Early on, the press was seen as important for public discourse and debate. However, over time media became big business, with large companies owning most newspapers and radio/TV stations. Deregulation in the 1980s and 1990s led to even more media consolidation, with just a few huge corporations now controlling around 90% of the market. This raises questions about whether the needs of the public are still being served over pure profit.
History of press laws in india
The document outlines the history of press laws in India from 1818 to independence. It discusses the abolition of censorship in 1818, the introduction of licensing regulations in 1823, and various acts passed throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries like the Vernacular Press Act of 1878, the Newspapers (Incitement of Offences) Act of 1908, and the Indian Press Act of 1910 that imposed restrictions on newspapers. A committee was formed post-independence to review these laws and make recommendations, including repealing repressive legislation and ensuring freedom of press.
Media law & ethics
Plagiarism is defined as taking someone else's words, research, or ideas and representing them as your own. There are three types of plagiarists: those who knowingly steal work, those who inadvertently fail to cite sources, and those who do it out of ignorance of plagiarism rules. Journalists face pressures like making stories interesting, being first, appearing objective, including multiple perspectives, and taking an adversarial stance that can contribute to ethical lapses. Ethics involves reasoned consideration of moral principles and dilemmas can involve absolutist deontological approaches versus situational teleological thinking. Common ethical frameworks include Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's utilitarianism, the Golden Rule, Aristotle's Golden Mean,
Pci
The document summarizes the role and functions of the Press Council of India (PCI), which acts as a watchdog for the press in India. Some key details:
- PCI was established in 1966 to preserve press freedom and maintain ethical standards. It adjudicates complaints against and by the press.
- It is headed by a retired Supreme Court judge and has 28 other members representing press organizations, parliament, and other fields.
- PCI can issue warnings or censures against newspapers found to have violated ethics codes. It also addresses complaints about authorities impinging on press freedom.
- There is debate around whether PCI should be given penal powers to be more effective, and whether its scope should extend beyond print
Newspaper price and page act,1956
This document outlines the Newspaper (Price and Page) Act of 1956, which was enacted to regulate newspaper prices and pages in India. The key goals were to prevent unfair competition among newspapers and ensure smaller newspapers and those published in Indian languages have more freedom of expression. The act allows the central government to issue orders regulating newspaper prices based on page numbers, sizes, and advertising space. Publishers must provide weekly returns and statistics to verify compliance. Non-compliance is punishable by fines, and complaints can only be filed by the Press Registrar.
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Media Ownership
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The Press Council is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act to formulate guidelines for the press and regulate its conduct. It is composed of journalists, members of parliament, and academics. The Press Council aims to preserve press freedom and improve newspaper standards. It handles complaints against the press for issues like unverified reports, obscene content, and communal writings. It also addresses press complaints against the government for actions like false arrests, threats, and withholding of resources from newspapers. However, some criticize the Press Council as lacking real enforcement powers, likening it to a "toothless tiger."
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PEMRA
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
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This document outlines the Newspaper (Price and Page) Act of 1956, which was enacted to regulate newspaper prices and pages in India. The key goals were to prevent unfair competition among newspapers and ensure smaller newspapers and those published in Indian languages have more freedom of expression. The act allows the central government to issue orders regulating newspaper prices based on page numbers, sizes, and advertising space. Publishers must provide weekly returns and statistics to verify compliance. Non-compliance is punishable by fines, and complaints can only be filed by the Press Registrar.
Obscenity and Indecency
This document discusses the legal definitions and history of obscenity, indecency, and profanity in media in the United States. It outlines key Supreme Court cases that have established and refined the definitions of obscenity and indecency, and delineated what types of sexual or profane content are protected by the First Amendment versus what can be restricted by the government. It also discusses how these restrictions have been applied differently to different media such as broadcasting, cable, mail, and zoning laws regarding adult businesses.
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This document discusses media ethics and privacy issues related to journalism. It provides definitions of ethics, morality, and privacy. It outlines several codes of ethics for journalists, including truthfulness, accuracy and prohibiting discrimination. The document also discusses the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act of 2010 and its 7 data protection principles. Examples are given of privacy being misused, such as leaked nude photos of a Malaysian politician in 2009.
Media Ownership
The document discusses issues related to media ownership and concentration. It notes that a small number of large conglomerate companies, through mergers and acquisitions, now dominate markets like film production and distribution in the U.S. These conglomerates have advantages like financial resources and the ability to leverage synergies across business units. However, they also face disadvantages like pressure to appeal to mass markets. In contrast, independent studios have challenges in areas like financing and distribution but can take more creative risks. The document uses examples like Skyfall and Ill Manors to illustrate these points.
Press council
The Press Council is a statutory body created by the Press Council Act to formulate guidelines for the press and regulate its conduct. It is composed of journalists, members of parliament, and academics. The Press Council aims to preserve press freedom and improve newspaper standards. It handles complaints against the press for issues like unverified reports, obscene content, and communal writings. It also addresses press complaints against the government for actions like false arrests, threats, and withholding of resources from newspapers. However, some criticize the Press Council as lacking real enforcement powers, likening it to a "toothless tiger."
Media law for today
Media professionals need to understand media and communications law to avoid legal issues and protect themselves. The laws cover issues like privacy, defamation, contempt of court, and how journalists report on legal cases. Understanding the legal system and one's obligations is important for professionalism in communications work. While laws provide guidelines, their interpretation may change over time or differ from ethical standards. Staying aware of relevant laws helps navigating legal and ethical responsibilities.
Media Regulation
Media regulation refers to the public means of mass communication like press, radio, television, film and recorded music. It came about during the 1980s due to public complaints about excesses in the British press. Almost everyone relies on the media to learn news and hear debates, so it plays a central role in freedom of information, though governments sometimes want to limit critical voices. There is debate around whether regulation protects the public or "toffs," and whether the government will use the Leveson Inquiry as an opportunity to reset its relationship with the media and establish new robust regulations.
Second press commission of india.pptx
The Second Press Commission of India was constituted in 1978 with Justice P.C. Goswami as the chairman. It was reconstituted in 1980 under Justice K.K. Mathew after the original members resigned. The Commission submitted its report in 1982. It aimed to have the press play a responsible role in development while being widely accessible to people. It also wanted the press to help maintain internal stability and prevent communal conflicts, rather than be adversaries or allies of the government. The report made recommendations around establishing relations between government and press, developing small/medium newspapers, separating press from other industries, and regulating advertisements.
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This document discusses different types of media ownership structures, including private ownership, public service, multinational companies, independent companies, conglomerates, horizontal and vertical integration, cross media divergence, and synergy. Private companies are entirely owned by individuals, while public service companies receive government funding. Multinational companies operate across international borders. Conglomerates own multiple companies across various media industries. Horizontal integration involves owning similar businesses, while vertical integration controls different stages of production. Cross media divergence produces different types of media, and synergy promotes linked products simultaneously across media.
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This document summarizes defamation and copyright laws in Pakistan. It discusses what constitutes defamation according to Pakistani law, including the Defamation Ordinance of 2002 and Defamation Act of 2004. It also outlines copyright law in Pakistan based on the Copyright Ordinance of 1962, including what types of works are covered, ownership and infringement issues. Finally, it mentions some famous defamation cases in Pakistan and legislative responses to copyright piracy.
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This presentation on The Press Council Act, 1978 shall be helpful to management, media, law students and public at large and help understand basics of laws related to Media.
Ethics in media
The document discusses the relevance of the Indian Copyright Act in media. It provides an introduction to the Copyright Act of 1957 and its subsequent amendments. The Act was modeled after the UK Copyright Act of 1956 and continues common law traditions. It aims to balance protecting creative works and intellectual property with allowing reasonable access and use. The Act covers original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works. It is important for media organizations to understand and comply with copyright law to avoid legal issues when reporting or using other creative works.
Media Ethics and Privacy
This document discusses media ethics and privacy. It defines privacy as the right to be left alone and have control over personal information. Privacy is needed both personally and socially to protect against government overreach. Journalists are caught between legal and ethical standards when it comes to privacy. As technology advances, privacy issues become more complex with more data collection. There is a distinction between secrecy which is deliberately hidden and privacy which is withholding information from public view. When private information is revealed, journalists must use discretion to balance interests and focus on what the public needs rather than wants to know.
PEMRA
PEMRA (Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority) was established in 2002 to regulate electronic media in Pakistan and issue licenses. It aims to improve standards of information and access to media. PEMRA comprises 13 members including a chairman and is mandated to issue licenses for broadcast media like TV and radio, as well as distribution systems. It regulates licensees and can issue directives on matters of policy from the federal government. PEMRA codes provide ethics for programs and advertisements to ensure content is lawful, ethical and respects cultural values.
Media Ethics
The document summarizes key concepts and thinkers related to media ethics, including truthfulness in reporting, conflicts of interest, sensationalism, photo editing standards, and balancing commercial and public interests. It discusses Aristotle's golden mean of virtue, Kant's categorical imperative, Mill's principle of utility, and Rawls' veil of ignorance as ethical frameworks. It also covers challenges like deliberate deception, balancing corporate and reporting interests, and the role of advertising in media.
Effect of media trial in the society
The document discusses the effect of media trials in society. It notes that media coverage can prejudice suspects and interfere with fair trials. While media has the right to free speech, reasonable restrictions are permitted to ensure fair administration of justice. The document examines issues like sold/paid media, conflicts of interest in media ownership, and the need to balance media freedom with ethical reporting. It summarizes the Law Commission's recommendations to regulate prejudicial media reporting during criminal investigations and trials.
PEMRA electronic media code of conduct
PEMRA is responsible for regulating TV and radio in Pakistan and enforcing the Electronic Media Code of Conduct. It has taken actions like issuing notices, warnings, and fines against channels that violate the code by airing inappropriate content. PEMRA also provides training and advice to channels. While PEMRA has shown more proactivity under its new chairman, fully implementing the code remains a challenge, and media organizations need to practice more self-censorship to broadcast responsibly.
Media Laws in Pakistan & Role of PEMRA
PEMRA is responsible for regulating Pakistan's electronic media and issuing broadcast licenses. It was established in 2002 to encourage private electronic media and break the state's monopoly. PEMRA issues codes of conduct for broadcasters and cable operators regarding programs and advertisements. The codes prohibit content that is obscene, promotes violence or hatred, defames individuals/groups, or contradicts Islamic values. However, PEMRA is not fully independent as its chairman is appointed by the president and many members are government officials.
ethics of broadcasting
The document discusses several topics related to ethics including the definition of ethics, different types of ethics like work ethics and personal ethics, key principles of ethics in different fields like journalism, entertainment media, and broadcasting. It also outlines some common issues and guidelines regarding truth, privacy, manipulation, stereotypes, trust, impartiality and serving the public interest. Finally, it lists some examples of unethical practices related to digital media like stealing copyright, intercepting private emails, displaying inappropriate content, and misusing private information.
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Ethics dicsussion for journalists and social media
The document discusses the ethics of using social media for journalists. It raises questions about whether journalists should friend sources on social media and what they should share about themselves. Reporters must consider if they are friending sources as journalists or friends, and what to do if they learn private information. Journalists also need to decide how much political or issue-based content is appropriate to post themselves and whether listing their job publicly could influence how sources interact with them online. The document recommends friending editors and coworkers to stay accountable and notes that privacy depends on all members of a social network.
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The document discusses responsible journalism and outlines a code of ethics for journalists to follow. It recommends that every staff have a code of ethics as part of their policy manual. The Society of Professional Journalists code is a good model which focuses on seeking truth, minimizing harm, acting independently, and being accountable. The code of ethics should address issues like accuracy, objectivity, privacy, and correcting mistakes to serve readers and expose unethical practices. Journalists should treat all people with respect, avoid fabrication, and get permission before publishing private facts or images of people.
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This document discusses the role of media in society. It begins by defining media and providing a brief history of media's development. It notes that the first newspaper was published in 1690 in Boston. In Pakistan, the first news agency was established in 1947 and radio stations were set up in major cities. The document outlines several key roles and impacts of media, including political and economic analysis, social awareness, education, and entertainment. It also discusses both advantages such as advertising and raising standards, and disadvantages such as time wastage, weakening religious values, and not developing a national image. Finally, it provides some suggestions around media accountability and strengthening socio-cultural foundations.
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This document discusses principles of journalism ethics and good practice for journalists. It outlines standards like accuracy and fact-checking, fairness, transparency, and independence. It emphasizes verifying details with credible sources, representing all sides fairly, disclosing biases or conflicts of interest, and prioritizing the public interest over private interests. The document also notes that as UGRAD-Pakistan journalists, their role is to track and communicate the successes of UGRAD-Pakistan alumni rather than serve as a traditional news agency, so not all standards may fully apply. It asks what an appropriate code of ethics would be for UGRAD-Pakistan journalists.
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This document discusses media's role in Pakistani political campaigns and ethical violations. It provides an overview of general elections in Pakistan from 1977 to 2013. It then discusses the role of different media (television, newspaper, social media) in the 2013 elections. It outlines the code of conduct for Pakistani media during elections and common violations like discrimination against parties, spreading misinformation, unverified claims, and inflammatory expressions. It also discusses issues around paid content/political advertising, violations therein like untruthfulness and disrespect. Finally, it notes media's duties around impartiality, accuracy, explaining voting process, and only reporting final results from ECP.
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The public doesn't trust the media. This presentation explains why and offers tips for being an ethical journalist.
Pakistani society
The document provides ground rules for a presentation on Pakistani society and culture. Attendees are instructed to be attentive, not leave the room or talk during the presentation, switch off phones and laptops, and save questions for the end.
The presentation defines key terms like society, culture, norms, mores, and folkways. It discusses the origin and development of Pakistani society and the primary units of social life. The culture of Pakistan and various regions is described, including traditions, languages, foods, and handicrafts. The importance of understanding different cultures in nursing is also reviewed.
Influence of western culture in pakistan
Western culture has influenced Pakistan in several ways:
1) British colonialism left a lasting impact on Pakistani culture and identity that still influences generations today.
2) Westernization has both positive and negative impacts on traditions like the joint family system and traditional foods.
3) The influence of western media has increased the adoption of western fashion, language, and values among Pakistani youth at the cost of Islamic traditions and Urdu language.
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This document discusses ethics in journalism. It covers minimizing harm, acknowledging personal responsibility, reviewing ethical dilemmas, and ethics in digital journalism. It defines ethics and discusses the importance of truth-seeking, respecting the law and ethics, and being professional, accountable, and independent. It provides questions journalists should consider regarding sources and decisions. It outlines some basic rules like not making things up, avoiding conflicts of interest, being fair and neutral, identifying yourself, and admitting mistakes. It also discusses evaluating online sources and media.
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The document discusses the role of electronic media in Pakistan. It outlines the evolution of media from the establishment of Pakistan Television Corporation under Ayub Khan to the proliferation of private channels today. It notes both positive and negative impacts of media. Positively, media can promote democracy, raise awareness of social issues, and expose corruption. However, it can also sensationalize news, spread exaggerated or one-sided information, and be influenced by powerful groups. The conclusion calls for media to project a positive image of Pakistan while prioritizing accuracy over viewership.
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