The document examines factors that influence human-hornet conflicts in urban areas of Japan, specifically looking at data on hornet abundance and species composition in Nagoya City over time. Statistical analyses show that certain hornet species abundances are positively correlated with higher levels of urban greenness, as measured by NDVI values within a 1km radius. The study aims to understand how environmental and social characteristics may contribute to human-hornet conflicts to help address this issue.
DE presentation to IISD on May 7, 2008. Title: Amazon Resilience and Busines...DE Design and Environment
Presentation given to the Natural Resources Management Group of the International Institute for Sustainable Development on May 7, 2008. The topics were: Estimating Resilience of Amazonian Ecosystems and Design and Business Evolution
DE presentation to IISD on May 7, 2008. Title: Amazon Resilience and Busines...DE Design and Environment
Presentation given to the Natural Resources Management Group of the International Institute for Sustainable Development on May 7, 2008. The topics were: Estimating Resilience of Amazonian Ecosystems and Design and Business Evolution
Biodiversity conservation and global changeMarco Pautasso
Botanic gardens, human well-being, tree species distribution shifts, invasive species, risk management, sea-level rise, climate according to Walter & Lieth, land use patterns, carbon emissions of conservation biologists, NIMBY, topography
The effect of flooded mine subsidence on thrips and forest biodiversity in th...EdytaSierka
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 2008
At the end of the prosperity of the coal mining industry in Upper Silesia in Poland, new habitats were created in disturbed areas which, in the case of flooded mine subsidence, led to the formation of a type of ecological niche not encountered before. In the present work the authors describe the diversity of oak-hornbeam forest in the areas of flooded mine subsidence and the thrips communities connected with them. In 2006 and 2007, the thrips fauna of subsidence areas was sampled in biotopes directly associated with depressions (waterside, contact zones between aquatic and terrestrial-forest biotopes). In both ecosystems a total of 118 plant species and 56 thrips species were found. Disturbance of land resulting in flooded mine subsidence contributes to increased species diversity of both plants and thrips. Other kinds of disturbance such as traffic routes and its direct and indirect impact cause reduce numbers of plants and thrips species.
I attempt to provide approaches and empirical evidence on the vulnerability of human populations and livestock systems; this will improve livelihood resilience by quantification of the temporal and spatial impact of climate risk for spread infectious diseases that are climate sensitive
Biodiversity conservation and global changeMarco Pautasso
Botanic gardens, human well-being, tree species distribution shifts, invasive species, risk management, sea-level rise, climate according to Walter & Lieth, land use patterns, carbon emissions of conservation biologists, NIMBY, topography
The effect of flooded mine subsidence on thrips and forest biodiversity in th...EdytaSierka
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 2008
At the end of the prosperity of the coal mining industry in Upper Silesia in Poland, new habitats were created in disturbed areas which, in the case of flooded mine subsidence, led to the formation of a type of ecological niche not encountered before. In the present work the authors describe the diversity of oak-hornbeam forest in the areas of flooded mine subsidence and the thrips communities connected with them. In 2006 and 2007, the thrips fauna of subsidence areas was sampled in biotopes directly associated with depressions (waterside, contact zones between aquatic and terrestrial-forest biotopes). In both ecosystems a total of 118 plant species and 56 thrips species were found. Disturbance of land resulting in flooded mine subsidence contributes to increased species diversity of both plants and thrips. Other kinds of disturbance such as traffic routes and its direct and indirect impact cause reduce numbers of plants and thrips species.
I attempt to provide approaches and empirical evidence on the vulnerability of human populations and livestock systems; this will improve livelihood resilience by quantification of the temporal and spatial impact of climate risk for spread infectious diseases that are climate sensitive
Creative and Clever Ads Part 5-StaircaseSayyedul Hoq
While spending 30 seconds on an escalator, where do you look? Most people just stare straight ahead – making escalators an ideal location for advertising. But some ads are more colorful, clever and controversial than others, using both the ideal eye-level platform and shape of the stairs to their full potential. These are the kinds of ads that make people pause and marvel for a moment before continuing on their way.
David Lefcourt, Arborist, City of Cambridge
David discusses how a municipality, with active citizens and volunteers, can get the greatest benefit from its trees for climate and biodiversity.
Presented at the Urban and Suburban Carbon Farming to Reverse Global Warming conference at Harvard University on May 3, 2015, organized by Biodiversity for a Livable Climate.
www.bio4climate.org
Architecture/Movement/Text - MA ProjectPlan-B Studio
I have included a copy of my MA thesis and final major project. Please note that the thesis is missing images and might have page number issues - I lost all original files(!)
Gezgin, U. B. (2010). Urban biodiversity, economics & ethics. (Paper to be presented at ACERP 2011: Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion and Philosophy 2011. 20-22 March, 2011,Osaka, Japan.) Full text published in ACERP Conference Proceedings, pp.28-42, ISSN: 2185-6141. http://www.iafor.org/ACERP_Proceedings_2011.pdf
The newly released book Sustainable Urban Environments - An Ecosystem Approach ‘helps the reader grasp opportunities for integration of knowledge and technologies in the design, construction and management of the built environment.’ In the first edition of the Delft Environment Initiative Lecture Series on 21-09-2011 several contributors to Sustainable Urban Environments discussed their views on the most pressing challenges facing us in the urban environment today and how they should be integrated in education. These are the slides accompanying the ‘elevator pitches’ they gave. http://home.tudelft.nl/en/research/environment/mini-symposium-sustainable-urban-environments/
Walking Moving Thinking - architecture as movement facilitatorvictoria meyers
Walking Moving Thinking - how architecture creates public space, pubic amenities, and urban places. Includes hMa's DWi-P, across from the World Trade Center Memorial site in NYC.
Anthropogenic noise reduces bird species richness and diversity along a Rur-u...Open Access Research Paper
Urbanization is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world to accommodate the increasing human population but it is having a drastic effect on native flora and fauna. The present study was carried out across a three stage urbanization gradient in and around the city of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. Observations were made from September 2019 to February 2021 at the selected three sites during COVID 19 pandemic. Point count method was used for bird surveys and Sound pressure (Noise) measurements were made across the three selected sites. The Avian diversity was measured by total species richness, Fisher’s alpha diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Urban centre recorded the highest sound pressure and lowest Avian species richness but as we moved away from the urban centre the noise levels reduced and the avain species richness increased towards the rural areas. This is mainly due to many avian species avoiding urban areas because of increasing noise levels. We also found that the urban bird community is dominated by a few species whereas the rural bird community was much more diverse.
Anthropogenic noise reduces bird species richness and diversity along a Rur-u...Innspub Net
Urbanization is increasing rapidly in all parts of the world to accommodate the increasing human population but it is having a drastic effect on native flora and fauna. The present study was carried out across a three stage urbanization gradient in and around the city of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh. Observations were made from September 2019 to February 2021 at the selected three sites during COVID 19 pandemic. Point count method was used for bird surveys and Sound pressure (Noise) measurements were made across the three selected sites. The Avian diversity was measured by total species richness, Fisher’s alpha diversity index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The Urban centre recorded the highest sound pressure and lowest Avian species richness but as we moved away from the urban centre the noise levels reduced and the avain species richness increased towards the rural areas. This is mainly due to many avian species avoiding urban areas because of increasing noise levels. We also found that the urban bird community is dominated by a few species whereas the rural bird community was much more diverse.
MODELLING AND SIMULATION ON VELOCITY AND PERMEABILITY TO PREDICT BACILLUS ON...IAEME Publication
The deposition and migration process of bacillus lag phase condition has been of paramount interest due it challenges in ground water quality, this study mathematically analyze the migration process base on lag behaviour the contaminant express in some formations, the study develop a model that express the migration process and its behaviour between lateritic and silty formation, the developed model simulated generated theoretical values, it has shows the level of lag found to be insignificant as the rate of permeability and velocity of flow influences the level of lag in the formation, the simulated results were thoroughly compared with experimental values, both parameters developed a faviourable fits, the validation of the developed model will definitely made the developed concept a useful tools to experts
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation: are they both possible? Public understanding of biodiversity, biogeographic predictors of biodiversity threat, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, temporal trends in green space visits and time spent travelling, sustainability
assessing heterogeneous influences on partial deposition of virus in lateriticIJCMESJOURNAL
This paper monitored the rate of partial deposition of virus on heterogeneous formation, the study were able to monitor the behaviour of virus in heterogeneous deposition influencing partial concentration of virus in Lateritic and silty formation. The study was able to observe the rate of partial deposition base on its rate of fluctuation through variation observed from deposited void ratio and permeability, such formation developed fluctuation on these parameters thus generated partial deposition of virus in the study area. Linear deposition were also experienced in graphical representation, the result obtained ranged from [1.97E-12-2.35E-11],[3-30M], [1.97E-12-2.36E-11[10-100] Predictive 1.97E-12, Experimental 1.87E-12 [3-36m], predictive, [1,97E-12], Experimental [2.26E-11] [10-120 Days] predictive 2.36E-12, Experimental 2.24E-11,[10-120Days] [1.31E-12-2.36E11], Predictive1.31E-12, Experimental, 2.36E-11 [2-30m], predictive,[2.36E-11-2.2E-11]; [2-30m] ,for Time 1.31E-12-2.36E-11[4-60days] while predictive and Experimental,[2,36E-11] [1.37E-12-2,22E-11] [2-30m] The prediction rate of partial deposition of virus was possible through mathematical modeling techniques, the system were developed base on the parameters from predominant formation characteristics in study location, these parameters generated the derived model through the developed governing equation, simulation generated theoretical values that were compared with experimental results, both parameters developed best fits validating the model, experts will definitely applied this approach in monitoring and evaluation of virus deposits in the study area.
assessing heterogeneous influences on partial deposition of virus in lateriticIJCMESJOURNAL
This paper monitored the rate of partial deposition of virus on heterogeneous formation, the study were able to monitor the behaviour of virus in heterogeneous deposition influencing partial concentration of virus in Lateritic and silty formation. The study was able to observe the rate of partial deposition base on its rate of fluctuation through variation observed from deposited void ratio and permeability, such formation developed fluctuation on these parameters thus generated partial deposition of virus in the study area. Linear deposition were also experienced in graphical representation, the result obtained ranged from [1.97E-12-2.35E-11],[3-30M], [1.97E-12-2.36E-11[10-100] Predictive 1.97E-12, Experimental 1.87E-12 [3-36m], predictive, [1,97E-12], Experimental [2.26E-11] [10-120 Days] predictive 2.36E-12, Experimental 2.24E-11,[10-120Days] [1.31E-12-2.36E11], Predictive1.31E-12, Experimental, 2.36E-11 [2-30m], predictive,[2.36E-11-2.2E-11]; [2-30m] ,for Time 1.31E-12-2.36E-11[4-60days] while predictive and Experimental,[2,36E-11] [1.37E-12-2,22E-11] [2-30m] The prediction rate of partial deposition of virus was possible through mathematical modeling techniques, the system were developed base on the parameters from predominant formation characteristics in study location, these parameters generated the derived model through the developed governing equation, simulation generated theoretical values that were compared with experimental results, both parameters developed best fits validating the model, experts will definitely applied this approach in monitoring and evaluation of virus deposits in the study area.
Termite Mounds’ Diversity and Distribution: A Study at Jnanabharathi, Bangalo...AI Publications
Termites work together to modify their surroundings, which in turn influences their behaviour, leading to the building of termite mounds. The study was designed to assess diversity of termite mounds present in the Bangalore University Campus, Bengaluru, India. Observations were made on the occurrence, abundance, evenness and richness of the termite mounds. Mounds were surveyed by field survey and photographic interpretation method during July 2021 to June 2022. Totally 119 mounds were found, out of which 18 are ground level mounds, 42 small mounds, 37 medium mounds and 22 tall mounds. To test its effectiveness and to know about the influence of the mounds on the ecological well-being, termite mounds were identified, compared and interpreted using google earth map and the results were statistically verified.
GFW partners (IUCN, BirdLife International, UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, and Resolve) will introduce a new initiative to increase the value and uptake of GFW for forest biodiversity conservation and planning. They share proposed methods for integrating a broad spectrum of biodiversity data into GFW and invite feedback on the overall “GFW Biodiversity” vision.
Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystemsJoão Soares
Microplastics (plastics<5 mm, including nanoplastics which are<0.1lm) originate from the fragmentation of large plastic litter or from direct environmental emission.Their potential impacts in terrestrial ecosystems remain largely unexplored despite numerous reported effects on marine organisms. Most plastics arriving in the oceanswere produced, used, and often disposed on land. Hence, it is within terrestrial systems that microplastics might first interact with biota eliciting ecologically relevant impacts. This article introduces the pervasive microplastic contamination as a poten-tial agent of global change in terrestrial systems, highlights the physical and chemical nature of the respective observed effects, and discusses the broad toxicity of nanoplastics derived from plastic breakdown. Making relevant links to the fate of microplastics in aquatic continental systems, we here present new insights into themechanisms of impacts on terrestrial geochemistry, the biophysical environment, andecotoxicology. Broad changes in continental environments are possible even in parti-cle rich habitats such as soils. Furthermore, there is a growing body of evidence indi-cating that microplastics interact with terrestrial organisms that mediate essential ecosystem services and functions, such as soil dwelling invertebrates, terrestrial fungi,and plant-pollinators. Therefore, research is needed to clarify the terrestrial fate andeffects of microplastics. We suggest that due to the widespread presence, environmental persistence, and various interactions with continental biota, microplastic pollution might represent an emerging global change threat to terrestrial ecosystems
Pre and Post fire vegetation behavioral trends from satellite MODIS/NDVI time...Beniamino Murgante
Pre and Post fire vegetation behavioral trends from satellite MODIS/NDVI time series in semi-natural areas
Tiziana Montesano, Antonio Lanorte, Fortunato De Santis, Rosa Lasaponara - Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, National Research Council, Italy
Agriculture, forestry and biodiversity conservationMarco Pautasso
Agriculture and biodiversity conservation, forests, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, agri-environment schemes, land use intensity, climate change, human well-being, standing and downed deadwood, United Kingdom, United States of America, Switzerland, forest view and job satisfaction,
Population Structure and Threats to Sustainable Management of Woody Plant Spe...Innspub Net
This study was conducted to assess population structure and threat to the sustainable management of woody species in the various ago-ecosystems in Dutsin-Ma Local Government Area (LGA) Katsina State, Nigeria. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to collect data from 21 randomly demarcated 100m × 100m sample plots. All woody plant species found in the sample plots with stem diameter >2 cm at 20cm above ground, were recorded. Population structure was summarized by diameter classes. For the identification of threats, field and questionnaire surveys were used. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed at ten questionnaires per ward in five out of the 11 wards in the LGA. The highest numbers (350) of small diameter trees (0.1-1.0cm) were recorded in the agrosilvopastoral system. This was followed by silvopastoral and agrisilviculture systems with 89 and 85, respectively. However, the highest number of large diameter woody tree species was recorded in the silvopastoral system followed by agrosilvopastoral and agrisilviculture systems. The regular reverse J-shaped and fairly regular reverse J-shaped size class distribution observed for agrosilvopastoral and silvopastoral respectively, suggest a recuperating population. Over exploitation, debarking, de-branching, root- digging, leaf harvesting, seed harvesting, poor regeneration, slow rate of growth, wind effect and bush burning were the major threats to sustainable management of woody plant species in the study area. The implications of our findings for sustainable management of woody plant species in the study area are discussed and recommendations made.
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Dealing with heterogeneous data to improve our knowledge of biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem function: perspectives from synthesis projects: presented by Guillaume Fried for Disco-Weed (Disentangling the role of anthropic DISturbances and eCological processes on weed community assembly) at the sfécologie conference 2018.
for more information on the group: http://www.cesab.org/index.php/fr/projets-en-cours/projets-2014/125-disco-weed
Diversity and species composition of mangroves species in Pilar, Siargao Isla...Innspub Net
Mangroves are considered as the most significant components of the coastal ecosystem and among the most productive and biologically complex ecosystems on the planet. Assessment of mangrove species plays a critical role in the preservation and protection of the mangroves forest. The study aimed to assess the mangrove species in Pilar, Siargao Island. The belt transect was employed with a dimension of modified 10 m x 12 m and was installed per quadrat. Eight mangrove species were identified under four families, and these are B. sexanguela, C. decandra, R. apiculata, R. mucronata, A. alba, A. marina, L. littorea, and X. granatum. One species, C. decandra is categorized by the IUCN as a near-threatened state. Results from the mangroves vegetation structure show that R. apiculata got the highest relative frequency (26.32%), density (35.46%), and dominance (55.08%) therefore; it has the highest importance value (116.85%). This further implies that R. apiculata is the most important and acclimated mangrove species in the study area. The species diversity in Pilar, Siargao Island falls under very low diversity (H’=1.63) which might be attributed to some human-related disturbances. Thus, further consideration in future planning and conservation to increase the resiliency of the mangrove ecosystem is needed.
Similar to Mechanism of human-hornet conflicts in an urban ecosystem (20)
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
2. Towards Green Urbanization
Benefits of urban green space:
-Decrease urban heat effects (Tsilini et al. 2015)
-Increase health (Lee et al. 2011)
-Mitigate water, air pollution (Nowak et al. 2006)
-Nature-based tourism opportunity (Broadbent et al. 2012)
-Wildlife habitat (McKinney 2008)
Due to these benefits, many cities (US, China, Japan) have
implemented strategies to increase the supply of green
space(Wolch et al. 2014)
Shinjuku Park,2014
3. Negative side effects of human-nature interaction
Human-wildlife conflict
Human-wildlife Human & Human-wildlife
Damage to infrastructure
In Iowa, deer-vehicle 220 collisions
account for 13% of all crashes reported
(Gkritza et al. 2014)
Increase in unwanted species
Increase in number of complaints from
homeowners regarding damage to roof
insulation due to inhabitants of martens
(Herr et al. 2010)
Human Death
Coyote aggression towards people
(n=3646) in Denver-Metro area of
Colorado in 7 years. (Poessel et al. 2013)
Among stockholders managers
Differing responsibilities interpretations
between agencies and landowners in red
deer management (Davies& White 2012)
Conservation diversities
97% of 100 articles were conflict between
conservation and other human activities,
particularly those associated with
livelihoods (Redpath et al. 2015)
4. Stinging Insect Conflict: Japan
(Matsuura, 2010)
Average of
death from
2005-2014
Snakes
Paper Wasp, Bee,
Hornet
Stinging insects are considered
as nuisance due to the damage
inflicted by this species.
Eg. Death from wasp sting is
rare but fatal incident often
involves a single sting
Wasp attack in urban
park , Florida
5. Stinging Insect Conflict
High consultation demand for
stinging insects
Increasing demand for hornets
consultation
Approximately half of the 53
local governments (excluding
the isolated islands) financially
or technically support nest
removal from private homes,
which normally costs between
$100‒500 US per removal
(Hosaka & Numata 2016).
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013
No.ofConsultation
Year
Paper wasp and hornet total consultations in Tokyo
Wasp Hornet
𝑟𝑠 = 0.50∗
𝑟𝑠 = 0.82∗∗
* Significance at p<0.05, ** Significance at p<0.01
Paper wasp
Pest Group Consultation in Tokyo 2010-2014
Stinging insects
Rats
Nuisance animals
Blood-sucking insects
Poisonous insects
Nuisance insects
Sanitary pests
Mites
Wood pests
Tree pests
Food pests
Others
(Hosaka & Numata 2016)
6. What caused the conflict increase?
Tolerance of Human?Abundance of Hornet?
Small habitat requirement (McKinney,
2008)
High temperature that induced
hatching rate (Sirassmann and Orgren,
1983)
Availability of green spaces (Choi et
al., 2012)
Physical disabilities during encounter
among aging generation (Bjerke et al.,
1998)
Lack of experience of younger
generation of urban dwellers towards
some nature (Soga et al., 2016)
Enhanced of communication
technologies allows better news
circulation
Hornet
Year
Tolerance
Year
7. Aim of Study
To identify factor influencing conflict between human
and hornet in urban area
Hornet
Human
Conflict
8. Hornet’s Nest Removal report
Conflict
What is the environment prone for human-hornet conflict?
1) Where does hornet community mainly found?
2) Where does human-hornet conflict(HHC) mainly found?
Hornet Conflict
Prone environment
Human and hornet environment
+
10. Hornet: Species characteristics
There are 24 species of hornets (Vespa spp.) exclusively
distributed throughout Asia, except for one found also in
Europe (Ono, 2007)
Eight species are known to live in Japan (Matsuura and
Yamane, 1990)
Hornets harmfulness to humans can differ among species
(Matsuura 1984, 1990)
11. Hornet in Japan
Features
Species
V. mandarinia V. crabro V. analis V. ducalis
Body size (mm) 27-38 21-28 22-28 24-37
Nesting site
underground,
tree hollow
attic, underground,
tree hollow
tree branch building
eaves, rock wall
attic, underground,
tree hollow
Prey
various insects
including other
hornets
mainly cicadas
various insect and
spiders
paper wasp
Aggressiveness
Poison
V. analis
コガタスズメバチ
V. mandarinia
オオスズメバチ
V. crabro
モンスズメバチ
V. ducalis
ヒメスズメバチ
V. simillima
キイロスズメバチ
V. flaviceps
クロスズメバチ
V. dybowski
チャイロスズメバチ
Matsuura (1984)
V. velutina
Increasing
V. mandarinia
V. crabro
V. analis
V. ducalis
12. Seasonal activity of hornet
Matedqueens
surviveoutdoors
Nest-building
Nestmaintainance
byworkers
Newqueens
develop,
summer
coloniesdies
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Matsuura (1990)
13. Benefits of Hornet in Urban Ecosystem
Matsuura & Yamane (1990) ; pictures credited to Yamauchi H.
Natural pest control
Unsanitary pest
Agriculture pest
Food alternative
Source of protein
Exotic food supply
Health improvement
Herbal medicine
Sports drinks
14. Objective of Study
• Hornet depend on green space, particularly forest space due to food and
nesting preferences (Matsuura, 1984; Ono, 2003).
• Some hornet species have also become well-adapted to urban areas, as
they use garden trees and buildings for nesting places and use human
waste as their food source (Choi et al., 2012; Ono, 2003).
• Quantitative analysis on hornet dependence on greenness level is lacking
Food
Low green
areas?
Which
hornet
High green
areas?
Nest
To understand hornet preferred environment using
greenness level
15. Materials & Methodologies
1) Hornet sample
Data collection of hornet abundance from
Nagoya City Living Hygiene Centre
Two trapping points located at each 11
locations
Bait: Funnel trap and attractant liquid (6:4
fermented sugar solution to water)
Trap: 3m above the ground were observed
every week
Period: April to November in 2007 to 2014
Species of the hornets were identified and
recorded.
Nagoya
Example:Funnel trap
16. Materials & Methodologies
2) Green spaces
Satellite variable : Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI) of Landsat-8
Date observation :14 August 2013
The images were acquired with 30-m spatial
resolution
NDVI
Valid range: -1 to 1
(e.g 0.5-0.8 forest, -0.1-0.2 bare land)
Greenness level based on
photosynthetically active biomass of plant
canopies can remotely monitored using
NDVI(Tucker 1979; Elmore et al. 2000)
Relevant at detecting vegetation change
and forest cover dynamics (Mancino et al.
2014)
Moriyama, Nagoya
Tenpaku, Nagoya
100m radius
0.52
0.35
17. Materials & Methodologies
2) Green spaces radius measurement
Average NDVI were measured
at each locations within:
o 100m
o 500m
o 1km
o 1.5km
o 2km
o 3km
o 4km
o 5km
o 6km
o 7km
o 8km
o 9km
o 10km
18. 1)Do NDVI values correlate with the abundance and species
composition of hornets?
2)Are responses to NDVI values different among hornet species?
3)Which spatial scale is the most effective at predicting hornet
abundance and species composition?
Research Questions
19. Materials & Methodologies
3) Data analysis
1.To examine the effect of green areas towards hornet abundance
Generalized Linear Mixed Model(GLMM) *
-Response : Hornet species abundance
-Explanatory : Average NDVI within 100m, 500m, 1km,2km,…, 10km
-Random effect: Location ID
2.To identify the scale to detect hornet abundance
GLMM, Nonmetric-multidimensional Scaling (NMDS)*
-Response : Hornet species composition at site (NMDS)
-Explanatory : Average NDVI within 100m, 500m, 1km, 2km,…, 10km
-Random effect: Location ID
3.To analyze temporal pattern of hornet abundance
Spearman rank correlation
-Variables: Year ~ Hornet abundance
(Burnham and Anderson, 2002, Zuur et al., 2009)
* Based on AIC
21. Temporal pattern
Although some species
showed high temporal
increase, the results were not
significant except for V.
mandarinia
Long-term monitoring is
crucial to understand temporal
patterns of hornet abundance
Temporal pattern of abundance
Results
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
V.analis V.ducalis
V. crabro V. mandarinia
Total
𝑟𝑠 = 0.62
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 72∗
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 3
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 08
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 17
V. analis
29%
V. ducalis
10%V. crabro
17%
V.
mandarinia
43%
Others
1%
Species composition 2007-2015
N=64569
YearAbundance
22. Species compositions were different
among locations (F=17.175, p<0.001)
Species compositions were not
different in years (F=0.6926,
p=0.8093)
Suggesting strong drivers caused in
spatial environmental (i.e land
covers), besides temporally
fluctuating factors (i.e. temperature
and rainfall)
Results
Spatial species composition
-0.25
0.00
0.25
-0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50
NMDS1
NMDS2
Wardp
Point 1
Point 10
Point 11
Point 2
Point 3
Point 4
Point 5
Point 6
Point 7
Point 8
Point 9
1
3
2
4
5
6
8
10
9
11
7
Locations
N=82 [(6years x10location)+(2yearsx11location)]
N=82
Spatial pattern
23. Effect of Greenness Level
NDVI within all radiuses from 100m to
10km significantly affect hornet
abundance
Best model: NDVI within 1km (0.18-
0.54)
Suggesting that the level of greenness
in urban areas positively affected
hornet abundance
Best estimate within 1km: consistent
with hornets flying range (Matsuura,
1984)
Results
GLMM :Hornet abundance~ average NDVI within radius + *Ward ID
*random effect
24. Different Response on Greenness
Two species significantly
affected by green spaces
-V. mandarinia
-V. crabro
Difference in response are
likely related to the species-
specific ecological
characteristics
Results
𝛽 = 9.57***
N = 82
𝛽 = 10.89***
N = 82
𝛽 =2.913
N = 82
*** Significance at p<0.001
NDVI within 1km radius
Abundance
GLMM : Species abundance~ average NDVI within 1 km radius+ *Ward ID
V. analisV. mandarinia
V. ducalisV. crabro
*random effect
N=82 [(6years x10location)+(2yearsx11location)]
𝛽 =0.78
N = 82
25. Different Effect of Greenness Level
Results
Species dominance based on greenness level
within 1km
Nesting and prey preference related:
V. mandarinia: underground nests and
prey on a great number of large insects
in forests
V. crabro: tree hollows and
underground nesting, and they prey on
cicadas
V. analis: generalists in regard to prey
species and nesting sites
(Matsura 1984, Choi et al. 2012, Michelutti et al., 2013)
N = 82
0.31
Kita
0.54
Chikusa Minato
0.19
26. Summary
Important to consider the greenness level of landscapes rather than
land use element(forest, parks) to predict hornet abundance
This study showed that possibilities of conflicts with hornets are
likely to increase proportionally with the amount of green space
especially the most venomous species
Useful information to be shared by urban park managers to improve
awareness on public safety at urban green spaces
Green space and conflict
Non-forest
• V. mandarinia
• V. crabro
Forest
• V. analis
• V. ducalis
27. Impacts of environment on human -
hornet conflict in urban ecosystem of
Nagoya
Tolerance
Year
Human
28. Human wildlife conflict
Hornet as urban’s nuisance insect has several times been
discussed in previous studies (Matsuura and Yamane,
1990; Nakamura, 2007; Yamauchi H, 2009), but lack of
quantitative approach has been done to understand the
issue
Limited of studies has on human-insect conflict (Magle et
al. 2012)
Since insects can adapt well to urban environment we
need to understand how conflicts can be detrimental to
human
29. What environment can drive conflict?
1) Where we can find high number of hornet?
2) Where we can find high number of wildlife conflict?
Human and hornet environment
= green spaces
for some species
= residential
areas
3) Who mostly dislike wildlife?
= elder
generation
4) Who have low tolerance to wildlife? = woman
Structure of species diversity and abundance can depend on species
interaction, microclimate and availability of natural resources (Picket et
al 2001)
Combination of increased human population in urbanized environment
with human dynamic attitude, induce challenge in solving wildlife
conflict (Jochum et al. 2014)
30. Objectives of Study
Removal report
Conflict
Social characteristics
To understand which factors strongly contribute to the
conflict
Grassland
Population
Agricultural land
Parks
Forest
Residential areas
Women
Elder generation
Spatial environment
31. Materials & Methodologies
1) Hornet nest removal report
Study area: Nagoya city
Source: Environmental Health Center of
Nagoya city
Size: 16 wards
Type of removal: Free of charge
Period : 1990 to 2005
Five main hornet species identified:
- Vespa mandarinia (オオスズメバチ)
- V. analis (コガタスズメバチ)
- V. ducalis (ヒメスズメバチ)
- V. crabro (モンスズメバチ)
- V. simillima (キイロスズメバチ)
Nagoya city
32. Period observed: 1990-2005
Source: Nagoya city demographic
report (Nagoya, 2015)
Ratio of group :
Materials & Methodologies
Grassland
Agricultural land
Forest
Residential areas
Parks
Elder generation proportion
Women proportion
Population
Nagoya
2) Land use types 3) Social characteristics
Period observed: 1990-2005
Source: Nagoya city government
Ratio of land use:
Land use area
Ward area
% Group proportion
Ward proportion
%
33. Do number of removals
1) Increase temporally?
2) Different spatially ?
3) Affected by land use or social pattern?
Research Questions
34. Materials & Methodologies
3) Data analysis
1.To examine the effect of spatial and towards hornet removal
Generalized Linear Mixed Model(GLMM)
-Response : No. of removals
-Explanatory :
-Random Effect : Ward ID
2.To analyze temporal pattern of hornet removal
Spearman rank correlation
-Variables: Year ~ No. hornet removal
(Burnham and Anderson, 2002, Zuur et al., 2009)
𝑥4: Grassland
𝑥5: Parks
𝑥6: Elder generation
𝑥7: Women proportion
𝑥8: Population
𝑥9: Year
𝑥1: Residential areas
𝑥2: Agricultural land
𝑥3: Forest
36. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1990 1995 2000 2005
Removal
Year
Trend of total removal
92
3221
Species Removed
V. analis
V. ducalis
V. crabro
V. simillima
V. mandarinia
Number of removal significantly increased temporally
Highly removed species is V. analis : expected to have high
adaptability at various land covers
Temporal trend of removal
Results
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 86∗∗∗
** p. value significant at p<0.001, N=16
37. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1990 1995 2000 2005
LognoofRemoval
Year
Trend of Removal by Species
Results
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 85∗∗∗
𝑟𝑠 = 0.46
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 72∗∗∗
𝑟𝑠 = −0.43
𝑟𝑠 = 0. 95∗∗
*
Significance at *** p<0.001, N=16
Temporal removal for all species increased significantly except for V.
ducalis and V. simillima
Highest increase in removal was on V. analis followed by V.
mandarinia
Increase of conflict with V. mandarinia raise awareness on the
negative effect of urban ecosystem
38. Spatial trend of removal
Results
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
Removal/population
Removal by ward 1990-2005
Removal trend was spatially
different
On average from 1990- 2005
Highest : Moriyama
Lowest : Nakagawa
39. Which factors associated with conflict?
Results
Variables Estimates(βi) P. values
Forest 0.69 <0.001
Year 0.45 <0.001
Grass 0.29 <0.001
Residential 0.28 <0.001
GLMM : Removal~ β1Forest + β2Residential Size+ β3Grassland+ β4Parks +
β5Agricultural Land+ β6Population+β7Elder + β8Women+ β9Year +
random effect(Ward ID)
N=216
Proportion of the forest highly associated with the number of
removal
40. Which factors associated with conflict?: Species
ResultsEstimates significant at p<0.05 *, p<0.01 **, p<0.001 ***, N=216
Forest is the strongest estimate for all models except for V. ducalis
Agricultural areas showed negative association for some species
removals
41. Discussion
Consistent with previous study (Azmy et al 2016) where species like V. mandarinia
and V. crabro were abundant at high green areas.
Unexpected for the removal of V. analis, removal might related with residence that
is located near forested areas
Natural regulations might be useful to control the hornet population
Forest
Positively affect
Similar with previous study
where green spaces and
forest were related with
stinging insect conflict.
(Choi et al, 2012; Hosaka &
Numata, 2016)
Forest
42. Discussion
Considering paper wasps as control agents of some agricultural activities(Gould and
Jeanne 1984), it is interesting that the extermination of V. ducalis was negatively
correlated with agricultural areas.
Either the agricultural environment was unsuitable for the survival of this species or
high tolerance towards this species due to its ability in controlling paper wasps in
these areas.
Agricultural land
Negatively affect
Previous study suggested
that hornet has been used
for pest control pest.
(Matsuura & Yamane 1990)
Forest
Agriculture
43. Summary
Trends in removals
Trend of removal might plausibly increase in future
This study illustrates how conflict between human and
different hornet species can occur near forest areas.
Negative element of ecosystem is important to be
considered in urban development such as green spaces
and residential areas
44. High correlation between hornet abundance and urban green
space
High association between hornet-human conflict and urban forest
Future Implementation Suggestion
Demonstrates risk of conflict with hornet spatially
within urban environment especially urban green spaces.
Consideration of negative effects of element on urban land covers
should be taken account for urban planning management
Understanding risk of wildlife such as is also important for human
in order to live in green environment
45. Conclusion
Incorporating aspect of biodiversity conservation in urban planning
can be effective for human as well as wildlife when the positive and
negative effects of the ecosystems were put into considerations.
47. Thesis Outline
Title Chapter
Introduction 1
Materials and methodologies 2
Response of hornet towards greenness level 3
Impacts of environment on human - hornet conflict in urban
ecosystem of Nagoya
4
General discussion 5
48. Trend of NDVI vs. summation of agriculture,
forest and grassland 1990-2005
