This document provides a curriculum vitae for Todd Allan Wellnitz, an Associate Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire. It outlines his educational background, including a Ph.D. from ETH Zurich, M.S. from Middlebury College, and B.S. from University of Minnesota. It also lists his research interests, publications, conference presentations, and grants received. Wellnitz has over 30 peer-reviewed publications and has mentored many undergraduate students in research. His research focuses on stream ecology and the relationships between flow, species interactions, and ecosystem function.
Biodiversity conservation and global changeMarco Pautasso
Botanic gardens, human well-being, tree species distribution shifts, invasive species, risk management, sea-level rise, climate according to Walter & Lieth, land use patterns, carbon emissions of conservation biologists, NIMBY, topography
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
Biodiversity conservation and global changeMarco Pautasso
Botanic gardens, human well-being, tree species distribution shifts, invasive species, risk management, sea-level rise, climate according to Walter & Lieth, land use patterns, carbon emissions of conservation biologists, NIMBY, topography
Regional and global elevational patterns of microbial species richness and ev...sediman
Although elevational gradients in microbial biodiversity have attracted increasing attention recently, the generality in the patterns and underlying mechanisms are still poorly resolved. Further, previous studies focused mostly on species richness, while left understudied evenness, another important aspect of biodiversity. Here, we studied the elevational patterns in species richness and evenness of stream bio lm bacteria and diatoms in six mountains in Asia and Europe. We also reviewed published results for elevational richness patterns for soil and stream microbes in a literature analysis. Our results revealed that even within the same ecosystem type (that is, stream) or geographical region, bacteria and diatoms showed contrasting patterns in diversity. Stream microbes, including present stream data, tend to show signi cantly increasing or decreasing elevational patterns in richness, contrasting the ndings for soil microbes that typically showed nonsigni cant or signi cantly decreasing patterns. In all six mountains for bacteria and in four mountains for diatoms, species richness and evenness were positively correlated. e variation in bacteria and diatom richness and evenness were substantially explained by anthropogenic driven factors, such as total phosphorus (TP). However, diatom richness and evenness were also related to di erent main drivers as richness was mostly related to pH, while evenness was most explained by TP. Our results highlight the lack of consistent elevational biodiversity patterns of microbes and further indicate that the two facets of biodiversity may respond di erently to environmental gradients.
Write a 2-3 page report on any one of the following topics. A support.pdfashokarians
Write a 2-3 page report on any one of the following topics. A supporting paper is provided for
each topic. However, the report has to be prepared based on general literature beyond the
supporting paper. The deadline for the submission of the assignment is 14th January, 12 noon,
2017. Your report should have proper references/bibliography. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited!
Topic 1. Impact of invasive species on native species and ecosystems. Supporting paper/s:
Gurevitch, Jessica, and Dianna K. Padilla. \"Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?-
Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19.9 (2004): 470-474. Molnar, Jennifer L., et al. \"Assessing the
global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity \" Frontiers in Ecology and the
Environment 6.9 (2008): 485-492. Didham, Raphael K., et al. \"Are invasive species the drivers
of ecological change?.\" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20.9 (2005): 470-474. strayer, David
L., et a \"understanding the long-term effects of species invasions.\" Trends in ecology &
evolution 21.11 (2006): 645-651.
Solution
Impact of Invasive species on native species and ecosystems
Native species are those originally originated and evolved in the region (Cox, 2004). The native
species adapted the environment and co evolved with other species and the ecosystem was also
evolved accordingly (Cox, 2004). When a foreign/ alien species is introduced to a new
environment by general rule it don’t survive or the new species struggle to adapt the new
environment and struggle to make its place in the ecosystem (Dunlap, 1999; Gonzalez-Browne et
al., 2016). Surprisingly some species better adopt to new environment i.e. the new environment
suits the species more than the original environment (Dunlap, 1999). Few species becomes
invasive and the species population booms in the newly invaded territory (Alexander et al.,
2014). The invasive species becomes overweighed in the natural balance of the native ecosystem
and it inversely impact on the growth of some native species those shares common niches, food,
breeding places, resources or the alien species predates on certain native species (Hickman et al.,
2013; Kovacs et al., 2012). The invading species can also be a new prey for certain native
species which will increase the population of that predating species (Anson and Dickman, 2013;
Barber et al., 2008). Not only the direct relation of prey and predator or competition influences
native species but the introduction of the invading species can also indirectly influence the
abundance of the native species (Mello and Oliveira, 2016). The invasive species also interact
with the new environment and the advantages it gets in the new ecotype also put impact on the
evolution of the invasive species itself as the invasive species evolve becomes different from its
original native state or source species (Zenni et al., 2016). Sometime the invading introduced
species becomes free from its natural pathogen and free from immunological burden.
Write a 2-3 page report on any one of the following topics. A support.pdfashokarians
Write a 2-3 page report on any one of the following topics. A supporting paper is provided for
each topic. However, the report has to be prepared based on general literature beyond the
supporting paper. The deadline for the submission of the assignment is 14th January, 12 noon,
2017. Your report should have proper references/bibliography. Plagiarism is strictly prohibited!
Topic 1. Impact of invasive species on native species and ecosystems. Supporting paper/s:
Gurevitch, Jessica, and Dianna K. Padilla. \"Are invasive species a major cause of extinctions?-
Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19.9 (2004): 470-474. Molnar, Jennifer L., et al. \"Assessing the
global threat of invasive species to marine biodiversity \" Frontiers in Ecology and the
Environment 6.9 (2008): 485-492. Didham, Raphael K., et al. \"Are invasive species the drivers
of ecological change?.\" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20.9 (2005): 470-474. strayer, David
L., et a \"understanding the long-term effects of species invasions.\" Trends in ecology &
evolution 21.11 (2006): 645-651.
Solution
Impact of Invasive species on native species and ecosystems
Native species are those originally originated and evolved in the region (Cox, 2004). The native
species adapted the environment and co evolved with other species and the ecosystem was also
evolved accordingly (Cox, 2004). When a foreign/ alien species is introduced to a new
environment by general rule it don’t survive or the new species struggle to adapt the new
environment and struggle to make its place in the ecosystem (Dunlap, 1999; Gonzalez-Browne et
al., 2016). Surprisingly some species better adopt to new environment i.e. the new environment
suits the species more than the original environment (Dunlap, 1999). Few species becomes
invasive and the species population booms in the newly invaded territory (Alexander et al.,
2014). The invasive species becomes overweighed in the natural balance of the native ecosystem
and it inversely impact on the growth of some native species those shares common niches, food,
breeding places, resources or the alien species predates on certain native species (Hickman et al.,
2013; Kovacs et al., 2012). The invading species can also be a new prey for certain native
species which will increase the population of that predating species (Anson and Dickman, 2013;
Barber et al., 2008). Not only the direct relation of prey and predator or competition influences
native species but the introduction of the invading species can also indirectly influence the
abundance of the native species (Mello and Oliveira, 2016). The invasive species also interact
with the new environment and the advantages it gets in the new ecotype also put impact on the
evolution of the invasive species itself as the invasive species evolve becomes different from its
original native state or source species (Zenni et al., 2016). Sometime the invading introduced
species becomes free from its natural pathogen and free from immunological burden.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
33. N. L. Roberts, A. M. Piotrowski, J. F. McManus, L. D. Keig.docxgilbertkpeters11344
33. N. L. Roberts, A. M. Piotrowski, J. F. McManus, L. D. Keigwin,
Science 327, 75–78 (2010).
34. W. Broecker, A. E. Putnam, Quat. Sci. Rev. 57, 17–25
(2012).
35. Y.-J. Wang et al., Science 294, 2345–2348 (2001).
36. K. A. Allen et al., Quat. Sci. Rev. 122, 180–191 (2015).
37. Z. Liu et al., Science 325, 310–314 (2009).
38. P. Köhler, G. Knorr, E. Bard, Nat. Commun. 5, 5520 (2014).
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This study was funded by the European Research Council, the
Philip Leverhulme Trust, the U.S. National Science Foundation
(grants 0636787, 0944474, 0902957, and 1234664), and a Marie
Curie Reintegration Grant. All the data reported in this paper are
available in the supplementary materials. We acknowledge the
crew and science parties of RRS James Cook cruise JC094 and RV
Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP1103 who made this study possible.
We also thank J. F. McManus and K. R. Hendry for the helpful
comments during the preparation of this manuscript and
C. D. Coath, C. A. Taylor, S. Lucas, and C. Bertrand for help with
sample preparation and analyses. Comments from two anonymous
reviewers helped to improve the manuscript, inspiring us to look at
the deglacial ventilation and circulation events from a more
broadened view.
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6255/1537/suppl/DC1
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Text
Figs. S1 to S6
Tables S1 to S4
References (42–54)
20 May 2015; accepted 27 August 2015
10.1126/science.aac6159
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY
Functional mismatch in a bumble bee
pollination mutualism under
climate change
Nicole E. Miller-Struttmann,1,2* Jennifer C. Geib,3 James D. Franklin,2 Peter G. Kevan,4
Ricardo M. Holdo,2 Diane Ebert-May,5 Austin M. Lynn,2 Jessica A. Kettenbach,2,6
Elizabeth Hedrick,7 Candace Galen2
Ecological partnerships, or mutualisms, are globally widespread, sustaining agriculture and
biodiversity. Mutualisms evolve through the matching of functional traits between partners,
such as tongue length of pollinators and flower tube depth of plants. Long-tongued pollinators
specialize on flowers with deep corolla tubes, whereas shorter-tongued pollinators generalize
across tube lengths. Losses of functional guilds because of shifts in global climate may disrupt
mutualisms and threaten partner species. We found that in two alpine bumble bee species,
decreases in tongue length have evolved over 40 years. Co-occurring flowers have not become
shallower, nor are small-flowered plants more prolific. We argue that declining floral resources
because of warmer summers have favored generalist foraging, leading to a mismatch between
shorter-tongued bees and the longer-tubed plants they once pollinated.
L
ong-tongued bumble bees have coevolved
to pollinate pla.
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
1. June 2015
Todd Allan Wellnitz
Department of Biology,
University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire
Eau Claire, Wisconsin 54701
(715) 836-3021
Degrees Earned
Ph.D. SwissFederal Institute of Technology(ETHZürich),1997
M.S. MiddleburyCollege,1991
B.S. Universityof Minnesota,Biology, CumLaude,1984
Research & Professional Experience
2010-present Associate Professor(Aquatic Ecology)
Universityof Wisconsin - EauClaire,BiologyDepartment
2005-09 Assistant Professor
Universityof Wisconsin - EauClaire, BiologyDepartment
2002-05 Special Assistant Professor
ColoradoState University,Departmentof Biology&HonorsProgram
2000-02 Research Associate & Instructor
ColoradoState University,Departmentof Biology
1997-99 Post-Doctoral FellowwithProf. N.LeRoyPoff
ColoradoState University,Departmentof Biology
1995-97 Ph.D. Research in Stream Ecology (continued) withProf. J.V.Ward
SwissFederal Institute of Technology (ETH)
Dissertation:Biotic and abiotic constraintson algalcommunitiesin streams:
roles of light, scouring and herbivory.
1993-95 Ph.D. Research in Stream Ecology withProf.J.V.Ward
ColoradoState University
1993 Water QualityPlanner
WisconsinDepartmentof Natural Resources
1991-92 Doctoral Program in Integrative Biology
Universityof CaliforniaatBerkeley
1988-91 Masters ResearchwithProf.Sallie P.Sheldon
MiddleburyCollege,Vermont
Thesis: The responseof macroinvertebrates,algae and fish to bloomsof iron-
depositing bacteria.
Current Research Interests
The relationshipbetweenstreamflow,speciesinteractions andecosystemfunction; how
elevationand climate influence stream-riparianexchange;the effectof structural heterogeneity
on stream-riparianprocesses.