Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 2008
At the end of the prosperity of the coal mining industry in Upper Silesia in Poland, new habitats were created in disturbed areas which, in the case of flooded mine subsidence, led to the formation of a type of ecological niche not encountered before. In the present work the authors describe the diversity of oak-hornbeam forest in the areas of flooded mine subsidence and the thrips communities connected with them. In 2006 and 2007, the thrips fauna of subsidence areas was sampled in biotopes directly associated with depressions (waterside, contact zones between aquatic and terrestrial-forest biotopes). In both ecosystems a total of 118 plant species and 56 thrips species were found. Disturbance of land resulting in flooded mine subsidence contributes to increased species diversity of both plants and thrips. Other kinds of disturbance such as traffic routes and its direct and indirect impact cause reduce numbers of plants and thrips species.
Trends in Macrophyte Diversity in Anthropogenic Perturbed Lentic Ecosystems w...Premier Publishers
Aquatic macrophytes hold several niches within the ecosystem, including inter alia water purification, carbon sequestration and serve as microhabitats for aquatic insects. These dynamic roles make macrophytes good indicators of current environmental conditions. Hence assessing their abundance in line with wetland ecosystem dynamics and function is essential. Frequency of occurrence and density values were estimated, using twenty (20) 2 m x 2 m quadrats for each macrophyte encountered. The results of the study revealed twenty-one (21) macrophytes belonging to 16 families. These ponds varied markedly in terms of species composition and in numerical strength such that Polygonum lanigerum (1143+175st/ha), Setaria verticillata (337.5+ 32.8st/ha), Azolla pinnata (337.7+ 16.4 st/ha) recorded high density values while Lagenaria breviflora (18.7±2.19), Sida acuta (18.75±5.30), Ludwigia erecta (18.7±0.15) and Milletia aboensis (18.7±0.03) were the least abundant species. Pond A and D with 11 taxa each had the higher Shannon-Wiener (2.192, 2.214) and Simpson (0.8699, 0.8787) diversity indices respectively when compared to the other ponds. On the contrary, pond C with four taxa had the least Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices (1.253, 0.6782) respectively. Equitability and evenness ranged between 0.914 - 0. 952 and 0.814 - 0.900 respectively. Bray and Curtis cluster analysis showed that pond B was the most dissimilar compared to other ponds in terms of the taxa composition.
Ingoldian Fungi in Kigga Falls, Chikmagalur District, KarnatakaIOSR Journals
Fungi are the ubiquitous organism.The exist in diverse forms in a range of habitats, arboreal,
freshwater, marine, subterranean and terrestrial. In fresh water we concentrated only Ingoldian fungi. The
selected study sites of foam samples and decaying debris were collected in the same study area and kept for
screening and incubation respectively. The conidia developing on decayingdebris were screened using
microscope. The collected foam samples were revealed Ingoldian fungi. In this contribution of occurrence and
abundance of Ingoldian fungi were enumerated. A total of 24 species were isolated twelve genera were
identified.
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...Shujaul Mulk Khan
The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.
Trends in Macrophyte Diversity in Anthropogenic Perturbed Lentic Ecosystems w...Premier Publishers
Aquatic macrophytes hold several niches within the ecosystem, including inter alia water purification, carbon sequestration and serve as microhabitats for aquatic insects. These dynamic roles make macrophytes good indicators of current environmental conditions. Hence assessing their abundance in line with wetland ecosystem dynamics and function is essential. Frequency of occurrence and density values were estimated, using twenty (20) 2 m x 2 m quadrats for each macrophyte encountered. The results of the study revealed twenty-one (21) macrophytes belonging to 16 families. These ponds varied markedly in terms of species composition and in numerical strength such that Polygonum lanigerum (1143+175st/ha), Setaria verticillata (337.5+ 32.8st/ha), Azolla pinnata (337.7+ 16.4 st/ha) recorded high density values while Lagenaria breviflora (18.7±2.19), Sida acuta (18.75±5.30), Ludwigia erecta (18.7±0.15) and Milletia aboensis (18.7±0.03) were the least abundant species. Pond A and D with 11 taxa each had the higher Shannon-Wiener (2.192, 2.214) and Simpson (0.8699, 0.8787) diversity indices respectively when compared to the other ponds. On the contrary, pond C with four taxa had the least Shannon-Wiener and Simpson diversity indices (1.253, 0.6782) respectively. Equitability and evenness ranged between 0.914 - 0. 952 and 0.814 - 0.900 respectively. Bray and Curtis cluster analysis showed that pond B was the most dissimilar compared to other ponds in terms of the taxa composition.
Ingoldian Fungi in Kigga Falls, Chikmagalur District, KarnatakaIOSR Journals
Fungi are the ubiquitous organism.The exist in diverse forms in a range of habitats, arboreal,
freshwater, marine, subterranean and terrestrial. In fresh water we concentrated only Ingoldian fungi. The
selected study sites of foam samples and decaying debris were collected in the same study area and kept for
screening and incubation respectively. The conidia developing on decayingdebris were screened using
microscope. The collected foam samples were revealed Ingoldian fungi. In this contribution of occurrence and
abundance of Ingoldian fungi were enumerated. A total of 24 species were isolated twelve genera were
identified.
Plant species and communities assessment in interaction with edaphic and topo...Shujaul Mulk Khan
The current analyses of vegetation were aimed to study the different effects of environmental variables on plant species and communities and their combined interactions to these variables, identified threats to local vegetation and suggestion for remedial measures in the Mount Eelum, Swat, Pakistan. For assessment of environmental variability quantitative ecological techniques were used through quadrats having sizes of 2 × 2, 5 × 5 and 10 × 10 m2 for herbs, shrubs and trees respectively. Result of the present study revealed 124 plant species in the study area. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the ecological gradient of vegetation. The environmental data and species abundance were used in CANOCO software version 4.5. The presence absence data of plant species were elaborated with Cluster and Two Way Cluster Analysis techniques using PC-ORD version 5 to show different species composition that resulted in five plant communities. Findings indicate that elevation, aspect and soil texture are the strongest variables that have significant effect on species composition and distribution of various communities shown with P value 0.0500. It is recommended to protect and use sensibly whole of the Flora normally and rare species particularly in the region.
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...Isuru Priyaranga Silva
Abstract: Avifauna species diversity and abundance in and around of an urbanized lake called Peralanda Lake were recorded using point transect technique from January 2015 to December 2016. The lake is situated at North Colombo area adjacent to Ragama city in Gampaha District. Three Different habitat types were identified as Water body habitat, Terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body and Disturbed habitat. Bird census was performed on 20 sampling points with a radius of 25m which were fixed by using a Global Positioning System device (GPS) (Garmin e Trex). Each point was visited 3 times per month at different times of the day between 0600h to 1000h and 1500h to 1900h. Sixty-two species belonging fourteen orders and thirty-seven families were recorded during the study. These include three globally near threatened species Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocepha-lus); three locally near threatened species, Cotton Pygmy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus), Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis); one critically endangered species, Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus); two endemic species, Sri Lanka Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla) and Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyper-ythra) and four migrant species, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi), Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) and Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus). Highest species diversity was recorded in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body followed by Disturbed habitat while least species diversity was recorded in Water body habitat.
Filling the Gaps: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Biodiversity in the Tropical E...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Filling the Gaps: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Biodiversity in the Tropical Ecosystems by Geofrey E Soka* in Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy
lesson 6
bio botany ,botany ,12th ,12th biobotany ppt ,12th botany ppt ,tn text book ,study materials ,12th study materials, Chapter 6 principles of ecology
Article 'Response of moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) to livestock grazing in Mongolian rangelands' by Khishigdelger Enkhtura, Martin Pfeiffera, Ariuntsetseg Lkhagvaa, Bazartseren Boldgiva
Aquatic Insect Similarity Connecting Natural Wetland Habitat and Ricefield fo...Innspub Net
This study describes the relationship of the natural wetland habitats in Agusan Marsh to nearby rice fields and its implication to ecological rice production. Aquatic insects play multiple roles in the ecosystem such as predators, prey to other animals and decomposers which help in maintaining ecological balance. Results revealed that the diversity of odonates was highest in the sedge-dominated swamp among natural habitats which corresponds to the adjoining ricefields. The pattern of clustering of odonates show 3 groups; the rice-sago and rice-sedges sub-cluster, the rice-bangkal, rice-Terminalia, rice-fern, bangkal, sago and sedges sub-cluster, and the Terminalia forest as the outlier. The diversity of semi-aquatic and aquatic bugs was highest in the Bangkal forest while the lowest was in the fern-dominated swamp. The pattern of clustering shows 2 sub-clusters and the outlier Bangkal forest. On aquatic beetles, highest diversity was in the Terminalia forest. The sub-cluster consists of Terminalia habitat and rice-fern, while the other sub-cluster includes rice-Bangkal and rice-Terminalia. The resulting patterns of similarity in diversity and distribution of species in natural habitats and nearby ricefields indicate that ricefields are important temporary habitats for some aquatic insect species and serve as stepping stones for the movement of the insects.
The invasibility of deciduous forest communities after disturbance: A case st...EdytaSierka
Forest Ecology and Management, 2007
Phytosociological records from three different woodlands, each with oak-hornbeam stands (Tilio-Carpinetum), were analyzed in terms of the presence/absence of two harmful species, alien Impatiens parviflora and native Carex brizoides. Records from the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeastern Poland) represented old-growth forest, and others from the Silesian Upland (southeastern Poland) represented managed forest and invaded forest. The three sets of records were compared in terms of stand structure, Ellenberg indicator scores, and the shares of various plant functional types. Vegetation analyses also included species richness scores, Shannon-Wiener indices, and DCA and CCA ordination with the cover of the two species as variables. There were fewer differences between managed and old-growth forest than between managed and invaded forest. Invaded forest was characterized by low species richness, higher frequency of hemerophilous species, lower frequency of myrmecochores, and higher light availability and temperature. It was concluded that, of the two invasive species, C. brizoides is a better indicator of human-induced disturbance. Both cover and binary data explained changes in floristic composition in the presence of this species. Invasion by both species was favored by forest management practices. Their presence led to further species impoverishment, and harmed the quality of the forest floor habitat.
Species diversity and abundance of avifauna in and around an urbanized lake s...Isuru Priyaranga Silva
Abstract: Avifauna species diversity and abundance in and around of an urbanized lake called Peralanda Lake were recorded using point transect technique from January 2015 to December 2016. The lake is situated at North Colombo area adjacent to Ragama city in Gampaha District. Three Different habitat types were identified as Water body habitat, Terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body and Disturbed habitat. Bird census was performed on 20 sampling points with a radius of 25m which were fixed by using a Global Positioning System device (GPS) (Garmin e Trex). Each point was visited 3 times per month at different times of the day between 0600h to 1000h and 1500h to 1900h. Sixty-two species belonging fourteen orders and thirty-seven families were recorded during the study. These include three globally near threatened species Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis), Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocepha-lus); three locally near threatened species, Cotton Pygmy-goose (Nettapus coromandelianus), Oriental Honey-Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus) and Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis); one critically endangered species, Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus); two endemic species, Sri Lanka Small Barbet (Megalaima rubricapilla) and Sri Lanka Swallow (Hirundo hyper-ythra) and four migrant species, Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica), Asian Paradise Flycatcher (Terpsiphone paradisi paradisi), Blue-tailed Bee-eater (Merops philippinus) and Forest Wagtail (Dendronanthus indicus). Highest species diversity was recorded in terrestrial habitat adjacent to the water body followed by Disturbed habitat while least species diversity was recorded in Water body habitat.
Filling the Gaps: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Biodiversity in the Tropical E...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Filling the Gaps: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Biodiversity in the Tropical Ecosystems by Geofrey E Soka* in Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy
lesson 6
bio botany ,botany ,12th ,12th biobotany ppt ,12th botany ppt ,tn text book ,study materials ,12th study materials, Chapter 6 principles of ecology
Article 'Response of moths (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) to livestock grazing in Mongolian rangelands' by Khishigdelger Enkhtura, Martin Pfeiffera, Ariuntsetseg Lkhagvaa, Bazartseren Boldgiva
Aquatic Insect Similarity Connecting Natural Wetland Habitat and Ricefield fo...Innspub Net
This study describes the relationship of the natural wetland habitats in Agusan Marsh to nearby rice fields and its implication to ecological rice production. Aquatic insects play multiple roles in the ecosystem such as predators, prey to other animals and decomposers which help in maintaining ecological balance. Results revealed that the diversity of odonates was highest in the sedge-dominated swamp among natural habitats which corresponds to the adjoining ricefields. The pattern of clustering of odonates show 3 groups; the rice-sago and rice-sedges sub-cluster, the rice-bangkal, rice-Terminalia, rice-fern, bangkal, sago and sedges sub-cluster, and the Terminalia forest as the outlier. The diversity of semi-aquatic and aquatic bugs was highest in the Bangkal forest while the lowest was in the fern-dominated swamp. The pattern of clustering shows 2 sub-clusters and the outlier Bangkal forest. On aquatic beetles, highest diversity was in the Terminalia forest. The sub-cluster consists of Terminalia habitat and rice-fern, while the other sub-cluster includes rice-Bangkal and rice-Terminalia. The resulting patterns of similarity in diversity and distribution of species in natural habitats and nearby ricefields indicate that ricefields are important temporary habitats for some aquatic insect species and serve as stepping stones for the movement of the insects.
The invasibility of deciduous forest communities after disturbance: A case st...EdytaSierka
Forest Ecology and Management, 2007
Phytosociological records from three different woodlands, each with oak-hornbeam stands (Tilio-Carpinetum), were analyzed in terms of the presence/absence of two harmful species, alien Impatiens parviflora and native Carex brizoides. Records from the Białowieża Primeval Forest (northeastern Poland) represented old-growth forest, and others from the Silesian Upland (southeastern Poland) represented managed forest and invaded forest. The three sets of records were compared in terms of stand structure, Ellenberg indicator scores, and the shares of various plant functional types. Vegetation analyses also included species richness scores, Shannon-Wiener indices, and DCA and CCA ordination with the cover of the two species as variables. There were fewer differences between managed and old-growth forest than between managed and invaded forest. Invaded forest was characterized by low species richness, higher frequency of hemerophilous species, lower frequency of myrmecochores, and higher light availability and temperature. It was concluded that, of the two invasive species, C. brizoides is a better indicator of human-induced disturbance. Both cover and binary data explained changes in floristic composition in the presence of this species. Invasion by both species was favored by forest management practices. Their presence led to further species impoverishment, and harmed the quality of the forest floor habitat.
The present study aims to investigate the biodiversity of woody vegetation along a gradient of human impacting region in the three constituent parts of Ferlo Biosphere Reserve (FBR): the core area, the buffer zone and the transition area. We conducted an inventory of 110 plots of 900 m² each. Total species richness was 49 species distributed in 32 genera within 16 botanical families. The analysis of contesimal frequency showed that Guiera senegalensis is the most common species with a presence of 75% of such records. Examination of species abundance spectrum showed that four most abundant species such as Guiera senegalensis (29.5%), Combretum glutinosum (15.9%), Pterocarpus lucens (11.6%) and Boscia senegalensis (10 , 5%). These four species represent 68% of the total individuals of the RBF and are also the four most common species. The spectrum of abundance of families showed that Combretaceae is the best represented family with almost half of the number of species (49.7%). The representativeness of biological types and geographical affinity of the species has been established for the woody vegetation in the study area. The study of diversity indices revealed that the buffer zone and the transition area are subjected to multiple uses and experiencing human action. It has a greater diversity and a level of organization with higher timber stand than the central area which is an integral conservation zone.
Water-related bird assemblages in an urban pond ‘archipelago’: Winter pattern...Maria Paola Di Santo
This study reports on the patterns of species occurrence, abundance and richness of a wintering water-related bird assemblage in an ‘archipelago’ of 70 small artificial urban ponds (AUPs) embedded in a metropolitan landscape (Rome, central Italy). A total of 20 species in 26 AUPs were sampled. Only the largest AUPs (>0.1 ha) contained all these species, except for Gallinula chloropus. The highest total mean species abundance was observed in the largest ponds, with statistically significant differences evident among size classes. Two significant spatial thresholds in species abundance and richness were observed (between 0.01 and 0.1 ha; between 0.1 and 1 ha in size). The abundance of single species was correlated with their frequency of occurrence. Ponds in urban areas must be larger than 0.1 ha to host a rich winter assemblage of birds, with a further increase in richness noted with a surface area larger than 1 ha. The highest number of species was observed in the larger ponds (>1 ha). The species richness of each AUP is directly correlated to their size (log-transformed species–area relationship: log S = 3.515 + 0.497 log A; R2 = 0.76). Further research should be conducted to confirm these patterns and to implement information useful for planning and management of artificial ponds in urban areas for this purpose.
Ecosystem Carbon Storage and Partitioning in Chato Afromontane Forest: Its Cl...IJEAB
Forests trap carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, store in the form of carbon (C) and regulate climate change. In this study, C storage and climate change mitigation potential of Chato Afromontane forest was assessed from measurement of the major pools including the aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead tree biomass, plant litter and soil organic carbon (SOC). The result showed that biomass accumulation was comparatively larger for natural forest than plantations due to maturity, intactness and species diversity. The total C storage capacity of the forest ranged from 107.12 Mg ha-1 for acacia plantation to 453.21 Mg ha-1 for the intact natural forest. The mean C storage capacity by major pools ranged from 1.36 Mg ha-1 for the dead tree C to 157.95 Mg ha-1 for the aboveground C pool. The forest ecosystem accumulated a total of nearly 6371.30 Gg C in the vegetation plus soil to a depth of 60 cm. Conservation of the sacred forest will have an imperative implication to net positive C addition and regulation of climate change.
Analyses of Community Attributes of Meiofauna Under A Pollution Regime in the...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
— Meiofauna community attributes of the lower Bonny estuary was investigated under a pollution regime. This is germane because of the strategic importance of meiofauna in the food chain and the sustenance of any aquatic ecosystem. Five stations representing diverse land based activities such as refuse dump site, fuel depot, fishing-landing areas, residential housing and a station located upstream (control) were chosen for investigation. The meiofauna samples were collected from sediments in three replicate spots per station per sampling months at low tide. Sediment samples were stirred through (63-212nm) meshes to separate meiofauna and organic debris. Meiofauna samples were processed by first washing Meiofauna through a sieve of fine mesh size made of silk material, in order to wash off formation and excess silt or mud. Meiofauna samples were sorted out and identified using standard keys. Result from field studies indicate that meiofauna population abundance and diversity varied slightly between stations and seasons. There was however, no established trend. Meiofauna were generally more abundant in the rainy season than in the dry season. In general, pollution indicator meiofaunal taxa were more in all stations except the control station; the increasing impact of pollutants in the river led to a rise in the relative abundance of r-strategist genera like Chromadora. We conclude that the application of meiofaunal indices can be a useful tool for assessing the environmental quality of estuarine ecosystems.
Do submerged plants improve the water quality in mining subsidence reservoirs?EdytaSierka
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2020
This paper provides an analysis of the effect of submerged vegetation on the physicochemical parameters of water with particular regard to transparency in mining subsidence reservoirs (MSR). The research encompassed 8 subsidence reservoirs with a diversified structure of submerged plants in the littoral zone. It has been proven that reservoirs where submerged vegetation coverage is greater than 25% of the water surface area are characterized by significantly greater transparency of water. High water transparency is desirable due to a greater utility value of reservoirs and their biologic diversity. The results from this research indicate that supporting the development of submerged vegetation in mining subsidence reservoirs may be an effective method for improving the water quality of such reservoirs.
Vegetation diversity on coal mine spoil heapshow important is the texture of ...EdytaSierka
Biologia, 2019
The relationship between the size of the particle fractions of the soil substrate and the diversity of the spontaneously developing vegetation was investigated on coal mine spoil heaps in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland). The analyses were based on 2567 research plots of developed spontaneous vegetation and their associated soil substrate samples collected from 112 coal mine spoil heaps. For each research plot the prevailing particle size fraction was determined (stones, gravel, sand, silt), the species composition and abundance was recorded and the species richness (S), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′), Simpson (C) and Evenness (E) indices were used to determine species diversity. From a total of 119 research plots (in all particle size fraction categories), the values of 15 physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, moisture, carbon content, total N, available P, Mg and exchange cations Ca, Mg, K, Na, fine particles (%), gravel (%), stone (%)) were obtained to asses their impact on the floristic composition of vegetation patches using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Additionally, functional traits of the dominant species of each vegetation patch (life forms, life strategies and socio-ecological groups), were selected to analyse their relation to substrate texture. It was shown that the highest species richness and the highest values for Shannon-Wiener diversity index, as well as Simpson and Evenness indices, were obtained in plots formed on stones. Moreover, the greatest variation in the participation of species representing different habitats, life forms, and life strategies was found on gravelly substrates. Contrary to our expectations, the vegetation diversity (in terms of both species and their functional traits) was not highest in habitats with a high composition of fine size particles.
Urban and Industrial Habitats: How Important They Are for Ecosystem ServicesEdytaSierka
Woźniak G., Sierka E., Wheeler A. (2018). Urban and Industrial Habitats: How Important They Are for Ecosystem Services. Ecosystem Services and Global Ecology, http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75723., 2018
The sustainable management of natural resources can make human survival possible. Sustainable management is based on a deep understanding of the complex mechanisms of the Earth's natural ecosystems and of how those resources can be managed without compromising future benefits and availability. The sustainable management of natural
Problemy i perspektywy ochrony warzuchy polskiej Cochlearia polonica FrohlEdytaSierka
Babczyńska-Sendek B., Sierka E. (2018). Problemy i perspektywy ochrony warzuchy polskiej Cochlearia polonica Frohl. In: XXVIII Sympozjum Jurajskie: CZŁOWIEK I PRZYRODA WYŻYNY KRAKOWSKO-WIELUŃSKIEJ, Będzin, 18-34., 2018
Biominerals and waxes of Calamagrostis epigejos and Phragmites australis leav...EdytaSierka
Protoplasma, 2018
Vascular plants are able to conduct biomineralization processes and collect synthesized compounds in their internal tissues or to deposit them on their epidermal surfaces. This mechanism protects the plant from fluctuations of nutrient levels caused by different levels of supply and demand for them. The biominerals reflect both the metabolic characteristics of a vascular plant species and the environmental conditions of the plant habitat. The SEM/EDX method was used to examine the surface and cross-sections of the Calamagrostis epigejos and Phragmites australis leaves from post-industrial habitats (coal and zinc spoil heaps). The results from this study have showed the presence of mineral objects on the surfaces of leaves of both grass species. The calcium oxalate crystals, amorphous calcium carbonate spheres, and different silica forms were also found in the inner tissues. The high variety of mineral forms in the individual plants of both species was shown. The waxes observed on the leaves of the studied plants might be the initializing factor for the crystalline forms and structures that are present. For the first time, wide range of crystal forms is presented for C. epigejos. The leaf samples of P. australis from the post-industrial areas showed an increased amount of mineral forms with the presence of sulfur.
Comparison of visual estimation of the canopy cover with the canopyscope asse...EdytaSierka
Sylwan, 2016
The visual estimates of tree canopy cover belong to the fundamental measurements of analytical features of forest phytocoenoses. However, it is the subjective method, which results in error difficult to control. The objective of the research was to present a canopyscope and to compare results of canopy cover estimation using it with visual estimates. We conducted several experiments in oak−hornbeam, pine and spruce forest stands in southern Poland. We engaged in fieldwork well− and less−experienced students, i.e. biologists skilled in methods of phytosociology and students of nature engineering as well as three professional phytosociologists. They performed a comparative research in terms of correlation analyses, analysis of coefficients of variation and intra−class correlation (ICC) between−observers and between−methods using both ways of canopy cover estimates. The correlation between canopyscope score and results of visual estimates was highest in the group of phytosociologists (rs=0.82, p<0.001) followed by well−experienced students (rs=0.72, p<0.001) and less−experienced persons (rs=0.62, p<0.001). For purpose of comparison of both methods two variants of visual method were applied: optional visual cover estimate, and adjusted visual method where percentage cover of tree layer was noted using 4% intervals likewise in canopyscope method. The results of visual estimate method were characterized by more than threefold higher variation (CV%=9.72 and CV%=9.46 for optional variant and adjusted variant respectively) in comparison with canopy−scope method (CV%=2.26) in repeating measurements on the same plot. In terms of repeatability, analysis yielded 0.873 (p<0.0001) and 0.622 (p=0.00682) values of ICC for canopyscope and adjusted visual estimate respectively between two phytoso− ciologists. The result of intra−class correlation for comparison between methods within each rater separately revealed low and non−significant value of ICC. We suggest using canopyscope because this method is more precise, reliable and repeatable than visual estimation. Moreover, canopyscope is easier and more convenient to use when compared to objective methods as hemispherical photography of tree canopy and image analysis.
Istotne zmiany w standardzie zarządzania środowiskowego ISO 14001, wersja 2015EdytaSierka
Cybulski M., Sierka E. (2015). Istotne zmiany w standardzie zarządzania środowiskowego ISO 14001, wersja 2015. In: Inżynieria Produkcji. Strona społeczna i przemysłowa (ed. Siwka J., Sierka E.), Częstochowa, 71-86., 2015
Audyt środowiskowo-prawny jako narzędzie oceny rzeczywistego funkcjonowania p...EdytaSierka
Sierka E., Cybulski M. (2014). Audyt środowiskowo-prawny jako narzędzie oceny rzeczywistego funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. In: WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA PRODUKCJI I ZARZĄDZANIA W PRZEMYŚLE (ed. Konstanciak A., Kardaś E.), Częstochowa, 139-149., 2014
The article contains information on the scope and effects of environmental and legal audit in the enterprise. The analysis focused on the main environmental issues identified in different types of enterprises. It was pointed out that the identification of discrepancy areas with the environment protection law in force, enables their improvement. The results of the environmental and legal audit aid to minimize the costs of penalties, the amount of which was presented in the article, improve the functioning of the environmental management system and the qualification of market value of enterprise.
Participation of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth in plant communities of the...EdytaSierka
Sierka E., Kopczyńska S. (2014). Participation of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth in plant communities of the Bytomka river valley in terms of its biomass use in power industry. Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 2(2): 1-8., 2014
The paper presents an attempt of assessing the potential use of Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth. as a renewable source of energy raw materials. Abandonment of human management is often followed by a decrease in species richness in semi-natural grasslands, mainly due to the increased dominance of clonal grasses as Calamagrostis epigejos which were formerly repressed by management. The biomass resources of this and accompanying species, i.e. from Solidago genus and others e.g. Cirsium rivulare, Deschampsia caespitosa, Moilinia coerulea and Filipendula ulmaria, was evaluated in the green wastelands of the Bytomka River valley (Upper Silesia, Poland). It was found that approx. 1.2 tha-1 of dry matter can be obtained from approx. 30% of the average share of Calamagrostis epigejos in plant communities of unmowed meadows. This is 10 times less than in the case of Miscanthus giganteus, non-native cultivated grass. Increase in Calamagrostis epigejos biomass reduces biomass of Solidago sp. (-0.522176, p< 0.05) and other species (-0.465806, p< 0.05). The calorific value of Calamagrostis epigejos biomass is approx. 15.91 MJkg-1, which is comparable to the calorific value of coal and close to, inter alia, of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (19 MJkg-1) as an energy crop. Abandonment of human management is often followed by a decrease in species richness in semi-natural grasslands, mainly due to the increased dominance of clonal grasses which were formerly repressed by management. Presented research is preliminary and therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reaction of Calamagrostis epigejos to regular mowing and export of biomass on the studied areas.
Energetyka prosumencka, czyli powrót do społeczeństwa funkcjonującego według ...EdytaSierka
Skubała P., Sierka E. (2014). Energetyka prosumencka, czyli powrót do społeczeństwa funkcjonującego według praw natury?. In: Energetyka prosumencka. Pierwsza próba konsolidacji (ed. Popczyk et. al.), Częstochowa, 60-76., 2014
Impact of the salinity gradient on the mollusc fauna in flooded mine subsiden...EdytaSierka
Archives of Environmental Protection, 2014
This paper presents the impact of salinisation on the aquatic mollusc fauna in fl ooded mine subsidences in the Karvina region (Czech Republic). The results of the previous research on salinity in fl ooded mine subsidences show that some of them contain a high content of dissolved inorganic substances (above 1000 mg•l-1). These substances can affect the vegetation and animals occurring in the water and the surrounding area. The phylum of Mollusca was selected as a model group for the fi eldwork as it includes species with the proven bioindication potential. The occurrence of aquatic mollusc species was studied at 10 sites. The sites were selected based on the content of dissolved substances (the salinity gradient from <500 to >1000 mg•l-1. A total of 12 aquatic mollusc species were found, including one species identifi ed as a potential bioindicator of the negative effect of salinisation on aquatic biota. The analysis showed statistically signifi cant positive correlations between the content of dissolved inorganic substances and the presence of alien species Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843). The gradient of salinity signifi cantly affects the species composition of the mollusc fauna in fl ooded mine subsidences and may affect the biodiversity of this group.
Macrophytes in the assessment of river ecological condition on the example of...EdytaSierka
Sierka E., Tomczak A. (2013). Macrophytes in the assessment of river ecological condition on the example of Pszczynka River (Silesian Upland). Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 1(3), 14-20., 2013
Optymalizacja gospodarki odpadami w przedsiębiorstwieEdytaSierka
Sierka E., Cybulski M. (2013). Optymalizacja gospodarki odpadami w przedsiębiorstwie. In: WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA INŻYNIERII PRODUKCJI (ed. Kardaś E.), Częstochowa, 55-62., 2013
Różnorodność biologiczna trendów poprzemysłowych województwa śląskiego - zaso...EdytaSierka
Sierka E. (2013). Różnorodność biologiczna trendów poprzemysłowych województwa śląskiego - zasoby, ochrona, zagrożenia. In: Strategia ochrony przyrody województwa śląskiego do roku 2030. Raport o stanie przyrody województwa śląskiego (Parusel J.), Katowice., 2013
Europejska szkoła odnowy terenów nieużytkowanychEdytaSierka
Stalmachová B., Sierka E. (2013). EUROPEJSKA SZKOŁA ODNOWY TERENÓW NIEUŻYTKOWANYCH. In: INNOWACYJNOŚĆ KSZTAŁCENIA W ZAKRESIE OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA (ed. Sierka E., Ciepał), Katowice, 33-42., 2013
OCHRONA ŚRODOWISKA DLA KAŻDEGO – PROJEKT UPGOW, UNIWERSYTET ŚLĄSKI INNOWACYJN...EdytaSierka
Sierka E., Skubała P. (2013.) OCHRONA ŚRODOWISKA DLA KAŻDEGO – PROJEKT UPGOW, UNIWERSYTET ŚLĄSKI. In: INNOWACYJNOŚĆ KSZTAŁCENIA W ZAKRESIE OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA (ed. Sierka E., Ciepał R.), Katowice, 59-70., 2013
GIS Technology in Environmental Protection: Research Directions Based on Lite...EdytaSierka
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2012
This article is designed to identify research directions in application of GIS technology in environmental protection through a literature review. Critical analysis has been used to determine the thematic scope and structure of environmental protection, while bibliometric study identifies research directions. The selection of journals to be investigated is based on journal profiles and scientific prestige, together with analyses of selected articles. Two groups of journals are studied for the period 2007 through 2009. The journals Ecological Engineering, Environmental Research, and Remote Sensing of the Environment are studied in the range of environmental protection and Computers & Geosciences, the International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, and Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing are in the range of GIS technology.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
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and write to us if you have any questions:
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Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic animals in District Ban...Open Access Research Paper
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular zoonotic protozoan parasite, infect both humans and animals population worldwide. It can also cause abortion and inborn disease in humans and livestock population. In the present study total of 313 domestic animals were screened for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Of which 45 cows, 55 buffalos, 68 goats, 60 sheep and 85 shaver chicken were tested. Among these 40 (88.88%) cows were negative and 05 (11.12%) were positive. Similarly 55 (92.72%) buffalos were negative and 04 (07.28%) were positive. In goats 68 (98.52%) were negative and 01 (01.48%) was recorded positive. In sheep and shaver chicken the infection were not recorded.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. Materials and Methods
The investigated area is situated in the centre of the Silesian Upland (southern
Poland). Upper Carboniferous rocks are the main geological structures of this area and are
essential to the economy of the region (Kalin, 2004). They are overlaid by a thick layer of
postglacial matter, such as sand, gravel and clay. The diversity, distribution and condition
of forest communities, which cover approximately 20% of the area, are closely connected
with the character of habitats and with the type and intensity of human impact (Celinski et
al., 1991).
For a detailed analysis of the biodiversity of the thysanopteran fauna an area near a
water basin was selected, which was formed in a subsidence located in a wooded area (habi-
tat Tilio-Carpinetum, with Carex brizoides) at Sosnowiec, Kazimierz Górniczy district
(South Poland) (Fig. 1). This water basin, formed 15 years ago, covers an area of about 12
ha and is beginning to be overgrown, especially with Phragmites australis.
In the period 2006–2007 thrips were collected with a sweep net along transects which
ran radially from the centre of the basin in eight directions (Fig. 2).
The transects were 2 m wide and at most 25 m long (the basics plot 4 m2
). Thrips
were stored in AGA fluid. For mounting thrips on slides the Bisevac (1997) method was
used. The adult specimens were identified to the species level (females and males) on the
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346
Fig. 1. Localisation of study area. 1 – forests; 2 – towns; 3 – study plots
3. basis of Schliephake and Klimt (1979) and zur Strassen (2003). Names of species and their
systematic arrangement follow Fauna Europaea (www.faunaeur.org; 15.08.2007).
Plants and the estimated decimal percentage of coverage were recorded in squares
of 4 m2
. The nomenclature of syntaxonomic units is according to Matuszkiewicz (2001) and
of vascular plants after Mirek et al. (2002). An area of 400 m2
in the immediate vicinity of
the basin was investigated and an area of the same size located in the forest.
Various indices of species richness and species diversity for Thysanoptera and plants
were applied. Species richness referred to the number of species in the study plot for thrips
and the percentage cover for plants. Additionally Simpson’s species diversity coefficient
was calculated (Simpson, 1949) from the following formula:
, where pi – fractional contribution of species in the community
Alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the biodiversity within a particular area and is meas-
ured by e.g. counting the number of species.Alpha diversity was defined as the average per-
centage cover of plant and average number of thrips species recorded in a subplot (for the
total of 8 transects) within a study plot (Schluter and Ricklefs, 1993).
, where s is the number of species (the percentage cover).
Beta diversity (β-diversity) is a measure of biodiversity which relies on a compari-
son of species diversity across ecosystems. This involves comparing the number of species
that are unique to each of the ecosystems. The Sørensen index is a very simple measure of
beta diversity, ranging from a value of 0, where there is no species overlap between the
α =
=
=
∑ s
i
i
/100
1
100
δ =
=
∑pi
i
s
2
1
*
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Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 43, 2008
347
Fig. 2. Scheme of distribution of study transects
4. communities, to 1, where exactly the same species are found in both communities (Schluter
and Ricklefs, 1993). To determine the similarity of species composition in two analyzed
areas, Sørensen’s coefficient (β) was used, calculated from the following formula
(Sørensen, 1948):
, where A – the total number of species recorded in the first community,
B – the total number of species recorded in the second community, and C – the number of
species common to both communities.
The results of the comparison of subplots and plots are given in figures. Correlation
coefficients were derived by Spearman’s test with Statistica 5.0. software, p < 0.05 was
considered to be statistically significant.
Results
In the studied area a total of 50 species of Thripidae and 6 species of Phlaeothripi-
dae were found (Table 1). The total number of plant species in both areas was 118; 91 in
the forest ecosystem with the enclave of subsidence basin and 52 in the forest complex.
Twenty-five plant species were reported from both ecosystems. Species diversity measured
by Simpson’s coefficient in the subsidence basin area and the forest complex is presented
in Figs 3, 4 for Thysanoptera and plants, respectively. The differences in species diversity
between these two ecosystems were significant for plants (p = 0.021) and thrips (p = 0.037).
β =
+
2C
A B
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Fig. 3. Simpson’s species diversity coefficient for thrips; I – water ecosystem; II – wood ecosystem
5. Sierka, Sierka: Thrips and forest biodiversity
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 43, 2008
349
Table 1
The list of thrips species in the studied water and wood ecosystem
AEOLOTHRIPIDAE
Aeolothrips albicinctus Haliday
Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall
Aeolothrips melaleucus Haliday
Aeolothrips vittatus Haliday
THRIPIDAE
Anaphothrips atroapterus Priesner
Anaphothrips badius Williams
Anaphothrips euphorbiae Uzel
Anaphothrips obscurus Müller
Aptinothrips elegans Priesner
Aptinothrips rufus Haliday
Aptinothrips stylifer Trybom
Baliothrips dispar Haliday
Chirothrips aculeatus Bagnall
Chirothrips ambulans Bagnall
Chirothrips manicatus Haliday
Chirothrips hamatus Bagnall
Dendrothrips degeeri Uzel
Frankliniella intonsa Trybom
Frankliniella tenuicornis Uzel
Iridothrips iridis Watson
Limothrips cerealium Haliday
Limothrips denticornis Haliday
Mycterothrips latus Bagnall
Mycterothrips salicis Reuter
Odontothrips biuncus John
Odontothrips loti Haliday
Oxythrips ajugae Uzel
Oxythrips bicolor Reuter
Platythrips tunicatus Haliday
Rubiothrips ferrugineus Uzel
Rubiothrips silvarum Priesner
Rubiothrips validus Karny
Stenothrips graminum Uzel
Taeniothrips atratus Haliday
Taeniothrips inconsequens Uzel
Tenothrips frici Uzel
Thrips alni Uzel
Thrips angusticeps Uzel
Thrips brevicornis Priesner
Thrips euphorbiae Knechtel
Thrips flavus Schrank
Thrips fuscipennis Haliday
Thrips major Uzel
Thrips minutissimus Linnaeus
Thrips physapus Linnaeus
Thrips pillichi Priesner
Thrips tabaci Lindeman
Thrips trehernei Priesner
Thrips validus Uzel
Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday
PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE
Haplothrips acanthoscelis Kamy
Haplothrips aculeatus Fabricius
Cephalothrips monilicornis Reuter
Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner
Haplothrips leucanthemi Schrank
Neoheegeria verbasci Osborn
All species were found in both ecosystems, except A. melaleucus, D. degeeri (both missing from the wood ecosys-
tem), C. hamatus, I. iridis, B. dispar and N. verbasci (these four are missing from the water ecosystem).
6. Alpha diversity, which shows the tendencies in species diversity for both Thysa-
noptera and plants, is markedly higher for the area surrounding the water basin than for the
forest complex (Figs 5, 6). The relationships between alpha diversity of plants (p = 0.014)
and thrips (p = 0.042) in these two ecosystems are significant.
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Fig. 4. Simpson’s species diversity coefficient for plants; I – water ecosystem; II – wood ecosystem
Fig. 5. Alpha diversity for thrips; I – water ecosystem; II – wood ecosystem
7. The analysis of species richness (the number of species within the two ecosystems)
shows that the species composition for plants around the water basin and in the forest dif-
fers considerably (β = 0.35), and that these differences are not so strongly marked for thrips
communities (β = 0.94).
Moreover, Chirothrips hamatus Bagnall, Iridothrips iridis (Watson), Baliothrips dis-
par (Haliday), and Neoheegeria verbasci Osborn were reported only from the water basin
ecosystem. By contrast, Aeolothrips melaleucus Haliday and Dendrothrips degeeri Uzel oc-
curred only in the forest ecosystem.
The relationships between the diversity of plants and the diversity of thrips in the
flooded mine subsidence ecosystem is significant (p = 0.037), and in the forest ecosystem
is not significant (p = 0.741).
Discussion
Anthropogenic water basins in the mining landscape play an important role in the
composition of species and biocenotic diversity in ecotone zones, where water and forest
phytocenoses meet and where unique habitat conditions evolve for plants of varied prefer-
ences (Krahulec and Lepš, 1993). These plants, in turn, offer specific conditions for certain
groups of animals, as shown in the present research.
Thus, disturbing land appears to be more harmful for humans than for other species,
which adapt relatively easily to new environmental conditions. Ultimately, anthropogenic
water basins contribute to the species diversity (Stalmachová, 1997).
The presented results show distinct differences between the ecosystems of the for-
est complex and the anthropogenic water basin in terms of both plant and thrips life. Species
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Fig. 6. Alpha diversity for plants; I – water ecosystem; II – wood ecosystem
8. richness values for the studied insect group, expressed by Simpson’s coefficient and
Sørensen index, are similar in both ecosystems. However, the subsidence area is marked by
the presence of species that prefer humid habitats (C. hamatus, I. iridis, and B. dispar).
Worth noting is the massive occurrence of I. iridis, which is monophagous and connected
only with Iris pseudacorus, growing on the edges of the subsidence.
With respect to the plant diversity, considerable differences between the two ecosys-
tems probably result from the disturbance of the forest habitat by the massive occurrence
of Carex brizoides. This type of transformation of forest phytocenosis substantially im-
poverishes its plant species composition (Chmura and Sierka, 2007), which may influence
the results. At the same time, the subsidence basin enhances the diversity of the habitat
conditions and therefore prevents Carex brizoides from spreading (excessive humidity),
while giving opportunities for many species connected with humid habitats, e.g. Phrag-
mitetea class and ecotone species. This is showed in the low Sørensen’s coefficient for
plants (β = 0.35), but not for thrips, which is close to 1 (β = 0.94).
Markedly lower values of species diversity, both for plants and thrips, were observed
in the NW transect, which results very probably from the vicinity of the asphalted main road
1 and its direct impact on vegetation and indirect impact on thrips fauna, for example from
the remains of building material at the foot of a steep slope of the road embankment.
The biological profile of subsidence basins is now limited to the few existing stud-
ies concerned, each with selected elements present in the mining areas (Buszman et al.,
1993; Tokarska-Guzik and Rostanski, 1996), so it cannot serve as the immediate point of
reference for the present results. Therefore, further investigations of this type (faunistic-
floristic) seem necessary in areas of anthropogenic water ecosystems to provide a basis for
evaluation of the diversity of such ecosystems, to propose responsible land management
(Kalin, 2004) and also to prevent hasty recultivation by filling in the basins with waste
rock. The latter approach is cheap and attractive in order to get rid of industrial waste, but
is not acceptable for ecologically justifiable management.
Acknowledgement
The work is partly financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for 2007–2009 as a re-
search project.
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