1. Overload occurs when the training load exceeds an individual's capacity, disturbing their physiological and psychological functions.
2. If overload continues for a long period, it can decrease performance as full recovery does not occur each day, leading to accumulated fatigue.
3. To improve performance, the training load must be progressively increased over time through methods like increasing intensity, volume, exercise variety, or training frequency while allowing for adequate adaptation to the increased load.
Load and Adaptation
Objectives
Introduction
Load
Training Load
Types of Load
Features of Load
Principles of Load
Principles of Volume
Adaptation
Adaptation Process
Relationship between load and adaptation
Condition of Adaptation
Overload
Causes of overload
Symptoms of overload
Methods to tackle overload
Load and Adaptation
Objectives
Introduction
Load
Training Load
Types of Load
Features of Load
Principles of Load
Principles of Volume
Adaptation
Adaptation Process
Relationship between load and adaptation
Condition of Adaptation
Overload
Causes of overload
Symptoms of overload
Methods to tackle overload
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Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
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2. Over Load
During training of sports persons, load is given to the players
according to their capacity. Whenever this load goes beyond
the capacity of an individual, the physiological and
psychological functions get disturbed. Though this increased
load does not affect the sports person immediately, if the
administration of the overload continues for a longer period, it
results in decrease of his/her performance.
It is a state of psychological and physiological deterioration
resulting in decrease in performance capacity.
It is the state of decrease in performance capacity.
A sportsman has to tolerance not only training load but also he
has to tackle other than training.
Eg. Study, family, profession load etc..
3. When the total load per day is optimum, the
performance capacity improves steadily, but when
the total load is beyond his capacity to tolerance,
then full recovery cannot take place after each
day’s training. Therefore, from day to day there is
accumulation of fatigue with the result that the
performance capacity starts decreasing.
4. Progression of Load
To improve the performance, the load should
be increased from time to time.
Eg. Intensity, volume or both ; change of
physical exercise ; ground and surface ;
training frequency.
6. Methods of Progressive Cond…
1. Linear Method: Load may be increase session to
session. The children and beginners can use this method.
2. Step Method: Load may be increase step by step and
maintained few training session. When the load is
adopted the load may be increased.
3. Fluctuation Method: Load may be increase flexibly and
maintained few training session. When the load is
adopted the load may be increased. If the load is not
adopted load may be decreased. After adaptation again
the load should be increased.
7. Principles of Over Load
The Overload Principle is a basic sports fitness
training concept. It means that in order to improve,
athletes must continually work harder as they their
bodies adjust to existing workouts.
The body reacts to the stress and stimuli. If you want
to improve you must increase the amount of stress and
stimuli.
This can be achieved by increasing the frequency,
intensity or duration of training.
8. Causes of Over Load
Major Error in Training
Way of Living
Environment
Health Disturbance
9. Causes of Over Load Cond…
Major Error in Training:
In sufficient recovery
Rapid increase of load without adaptation
Too high volume of loads
Too high intensity
10. Causes of Over Load Cond…
Way of Living:
In sufficient night sleep
Irregular daily routine
Excessive use of alcohols, tobacco etc..
Bad living condition
In sufficient leisure time/rest
Un balanced diet
Excessive Tea or coffee
11. Causes of Over Load Cond…
Environment:
Over stress
Professional problems
Tension
High load due to job
Mental stress due to study
Poor result in exams and test
12. Causes of Over Load Cond…
Health Disturbance:
Fever, infections and illness.
13. Symptoms of Over Load
1.Physiological Symptoms
(i) Movement Co-ordination
2.Performance Symptoms (ii) Conditional Ability
(iii) Competition Qualities
3.Somatic- Functional Symptoms
14. Symptoms of Over Load Cond…
1. Physiological Symptoms:
Increased excitability
Quarrel some
Less contact with coach and colleagues
Increased sensitivity to criticism
Depression, uneasiness
Not at peace with himself
Loss of confidence
Loss of motivation
15. 2. Performance Symptoms:
(i) Movement Co-ordination
Less co-ordination
Increased movement error
Decreased concentration
Decrease correction ability
Decreased differentiation ability
16. (ii) Conditional Ability
Decrease in conditional abilities
Slow recovery
(iii) Competition Qualities
Decreased competition readiness
Inability to face difficult situations
Demoralized increase tendency to
surrender in a competition
17. 3. Somatic- Functional Symptoms
Loss of sleep
Loss of appetite
Loss of weight
Disturbance of digestion
Sweating easily
Increase susceptibility to injuries and sensitive
to criticism
Decreased in vital capacity
Slower pulse recovery
18. Remedies of Over Load
(Tackling of over load)
Increase all the means of recovery
Training load should be considerably reduced
Competition and trails should be avoided
Additional means like diet, physiotherapy, massage,
yoga, progressive relaxation technique should be
adopted
Sportsman must medically examined
19. Remedies of Over Load Cond…
Cases of over load should be removed
Total load should be reduced
Meeting with players parents, friend and other
important members connected should be arranged
Finally the training should be started again with
revised training plan with less load.
20. Adaptation Process and Training Load
Adaptation is defined as the adjustment of physical
and psychological functional systems to the training
load.
Adaptation to a load results in the enhancement of
performance capacity. Thus, a sports person is able to
increase his/her performance as a result of adaptation
process.
Adaptation process demands that a sports person
maintains regularity in training. If a sports person is
exposed to new and unfamiliar load in a systematic
planned way the adaptation process will be faster.