Matter can exist in three physical states - solid, liquid, or gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but not shape, and gases have indefinite shapes and volumes. Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms and can be either elements, compounds, or mixtures. Physical changes alter properties but not identity, while chemical changes create new substances. The document outlines key concepts about classifying and distinguishing different types of matter based on their physical and chemical properties.

1. Classification Of Matter
Integrated Science
Dr. May

2. Matter
• Anything that has mass and occupies space
is defined as matter
• Matter may be invisible to the eye
• All matter is composed of discrete, tiny
particles called atoms

3. Physical States Of Matter
• All matter exists in one of three physical
states:
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

4. Solid Matter
• Definite shape and definite volume
• Particles cohere rigidly to one another
• Shape can be independent of the container
• May be crystalline (salt, sugar, metal) or
• May be amorphous (plastic, glass, gels)

5. Liquid Matter
• Definite volume but not a definite shape
• Particles adhere firmly but not rigidly
• Takes the shape of the storage container
• Particles are in close contact with one
another but are able to move freely

6. Gaseous Matter
• Indefinite volume and no fixed shape
• Particles move independently of each other
• Particles have gained enough energy to
overcome the attractive forces that held
them together as solids and liquids

7. Substance
• Matter with a definite, fixed composition is
called a substance
• Pure substances are either
• Elements or
• Compounds

8. Homogeneous
• Uniform in appearance
• Same properties throughout
• Water in each phase is homogeneous in
composition

9. Ice Is Solid H2O

10. Heterogeneous
• Matter having two or more physically
distinct phases
• Ice, water, and steam are each
homogeneous
• But, ice in water is heterogeneous and
• Boiling water is heterogeneous

11. Mixtures
• A material containing two or more pure
substances
• Can be either
• Homogeneous or
• Heterogeneous

12. Classification of Matter
E le m e n ts C o m p o u n d s
P u re S u b s ta n c e s
(H o m o g e n e o u s )
S o lu tio n s
(H o m o g e n e o u s
C o m p o s itio n s )
H e te ro g e n e o u s
M ix tu re s
(T w o o r m o re p h a s e s )
M ix tu re o f tw o o r m o re s u b s ta n c e s
M a tte r

13. Physical Properties
• Can be determined without altering the
composition of the material
• Density
• Melting and boiling point
• Odor and color
• State of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)

14. Chemical Property
• Ability of a substance (H2) to form new
substances (H2O)
• By reacting with another substance (O2)
2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O or
• By decomposition
H2CO3 → H2O + CO2

15. Physical Change
• Any change in a property of matter that
does not result in a change in identity
• Chopping wood
• Freezing water
• Melting sugar
• Grinding coffee

16. Chemical Change
• Any change in which one or more
substances are converted into different
substances with different characteristic
properties
• Burning wood
• Burning sugar
• Adding sodium to water

17. Indications Of Chemical Reactions
• Evolution of heat and light
Burning propane
• Production of a gas
Soda and vinegar
• Formation of a precipitate
Silver nitrate in salt water

18. The End
• This presentation was created for the benefit
of our students by the Science Department
at Howard High School of Technology
• Please send suggestions and comments to
rmay@nccvt.k12.de.us