This document discusses using mathematical models to represent the thawing of frozen turkeys. It introduces logarithmic functions as a model for thawing curves, as the temperature increases over time in a way similar to the inverse of an exponential cooling curve. The document provides guidelines from the USDA for safely thawing turkeys either in the refrigerator over several days or in a water container over several hours, and shows how to construct a logarithmic model to fit starting and ending temperature points for a turkey thawing in the refrigerator.
Temperature | Convertion of Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa Queenie Santos
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How to convert temperatures in Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
Temperature | Convertion of Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa Queenie Santos
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As the temperature of intake air increases, the air density decreases, thus the mass flow and pressure capability decrease.
To make up for this reduction, air compressor start consuming more power and hence redirecting the outside cold air for compressor air intake will result in less consumption of energy
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the impact of a harsh winter on Florida's orange crop. In addition we look at an ongoing problem that orange production has had with a crop infestation. This provides opprotunities to apply percent change formulas to real-world data.
http://www.Media4MathPlus.com
In this issue of Math in the News we look at 3D printing technology. In particular, we look at Nike's recent unveiling of a new running shoe developed using 3D printing. Mathematically, we look at recursive functions, since the 3D printing technology was used for rapid, iterative prototyping of the new shoe. We look at an example of a recursive function, using the Babylonian method to calculate the square root of a number.
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the wildfires in Texas. Why are they so prevalent this year? How can mathematical models help in predicting the path of a fire?
As the temperature of intake air increases, the air density decreases, thus the mass flow and pressure capability decrease.
To make up for this reduction, air compressor start consuming more power and hence redirecting the outside cold air for compressor air intake will result in less consumption of energy
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the impact of a harsh winter on Florida's orange crop. In addition we look at an ongoing problem that orange production has had with a crop infestation. This provides opprotunities to apply percent change formulas to real-world data.
http://www.Media4MathPlus.com
In this issue of Math in the News we look at 3D printing technology. In particular, we look at Nike's recent unveiling of a new running shoe developed using 3D printing. Mathematically, we look at recursive functions, since the 3D printing technology was used for rapid, iterative prototyping of the new shoe. We look at an example of a recursive function, using the Babylonian method to calculate the square root of a number.
In this issue of Math in the News we look at the wildfires in Texas. Why are they so prevalent this year? How can mathematical models help in predicting the path of a fire?
In this issue of Math in the News, we look at the last flight of the Shuttle Discovery on a 747 and compare the weight of this freight and that of a 747 with passengers. Which is heavier? For more media resources, go to http://www.media4math.com
Tutorials--The Language of Math--Variable Expressions--Multiplication and Sub...Media4math
This set of tutorials provides 32 examples of converting verbal expressions into variable expressions that involve multiplication and subtraction. Note: The download is a PPT file.
A hands-on activity for explore a variety of math topics, including:
* Circumference and Diameter
* Linear functions and slope
* Ratios
* Data gathering and scatterplot
For more math resources, go to www.media4math.com.
1 Exercise 1 THE CALORIE INTRODUCTION A.docxaryan532920
1
Exercise 1
THE CALORIE
INTRODUCTION
All animals, including humans, need to consume energy in order to survive. We
call this energy food. The unit which is used to describe the energy content of food is
the Calorie (food calorie, note the capital ‘C’). One calorie (note the lower case ‘c’) is the
energy required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. The food Calorie is
defined as 1000 calories or one kilocalorie (kcal). Most scientists not dealing with food
now use other units such as joules or British Thermal Units (BTUs) to measure energy,
but the Calorie is still used to describe food energy.
The Calories in food are measured using a CALORIMETER, which is a special
combustion device designed to burn food samples completely and capture the energy in
a water jacket. For a 100% efficient calorimeter, the energy captured is equal to the
energy content of the food as shown below:
Energy captured = (mass of water) ´ c ´ (Temp. change) = Energy Content (1)
The constant c is the specific heat of water and is equal to 1
Cg
cal
°
(one calorie per
gram per degree C). In our case, however, the calorimeter we use will capture only a
fraction of the total energy, so we must account for this reduced efficiency.
THE CALORIMETER
The device that scientists use to capture the heat energy of a combustible mixture
is a bomb calorimeter. It is a metal chamber which is supplied with a measured amount
of oxygen during the combustion of the test material. The heat from the burning
material is transferred to a water reservoir that surrounds the metal chamber containing
the test material. The change in temperature is used to determine the number of calories
that the material originally held. A bomb calorimeter is very nearly 100% efficient. It is
also very dangerous (thus the name ‘bomb’ calorimeter) and so we will use a simpler
(but less efficient) type of calorimeter.
A SIMPLE CALORIMETER
The simple but effective calorimeter we will use consists of a calorimeter can (a
metal cylinder with a notch out of the bottom), a calorimeter lid to hold a 125 ml flask, a
flask stopper and thermometer, a sample holder and some tools. Each group of students
will have their own calorimeter to use. Because these simple calorimeters are not 100%
efficient, the water will not capture all of the energy content of the food. Therefore, the
equation for this calorimeter must be modified to:
Energy captured = (mass of water) ´ c ´ (Temp. change) = Energy Content ´ e (2)
where e is the efficiency of energy capture by the water. With this equation and a food
item of known caloric content, we can determine the efficiency of our calorimeter and
2
explore why the efficiency might vary from one group to another. Once a consistent
efficiency is achieved, we can use that efficiency to determine the caloric content of any
combustible item.
OBJECTIVES:
1) To measure the energy content of a food sample. ...
This series is made up seven lessons and was prepared for group of mixed ability science students. Please forward comments and suggestions to whysciencetutors@yahoo.com or visit www.whysciencetutors.com
Tutorials--The Language of Math--Numerical Expressions--Multiplication Media4math
This set of tutorials provides 40 examples of converting verbal expressions into numerical expressions that involve multiplication. Note: The download is a PPT file.
Tutorials--The Language of Math--Numerical Expressions--Division Media4math
This set of tutorials provides 40 examples of converting verbal expressions into numerical expressions that involve division. Note: The download is a PPT file.
Tutorials--The Language of Math--Numerical Expressions--SubtractionMedia4math
This set of tutorials provides 40 examples of converting verbal expressions into numerical expressions that involve subtraction. Note: The download is a PPT file.
Tutorials--Language of Math--Numerical Expressions--AdditionMedia4math
This set of tutorials provides 40 examples of converting verbal expressions into numerical expressions that involve addition. The verbal expressions include these terms:
Plus
Increased by
In addition to
Added to
More than
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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2. What You Will Learn
• Summary
– In this issue of Math in the News we look
at graphs representing the thawing of a
frozen Thanksgiving turkey.
• Define graphs of cooling curves
• Explore graphs of warming curves
• Model data using logarithmic
functions
3. Cooling Curves
• You’re probably more familiar with
cooling curves, which can be
modeled by decreasing exponential
functions.
4. Thawing Curves
• The situation with a frozen turkey is
different. You start with a
temperature below freezing and want
to reach a higher temperature.
6. Thawing Curves
• It turns out that a reasonable model
for the reverse of cooling is the
inverse of the exponential, an
increasing logarithmic function.
7. Thawing Curves
• The USDA suggests two methods for
thawing a turkey:
– Thawing it in a refrigerator
– Thawing it in a container of water
• You must AVOID thawing a turkey at
room temperature on a counter. The
reason is that bacteria can form on
the thawed parts long before the rest
of the turkey has thawed.
8. Guideline for Thawing a Turkey
Refrigerator
• Whole turkey:
– 4 to 12 pounds — 1 to 3
days
– 12 to 16 pounds — 3 to 4
days
– 16 to 20 pounds — 4 to 5
days
– 20 to 24 pounds —5 to 6
days
Container of Water
• Whole turkey:
– 4 to 12 pounds — 2 to 6
hours
– 12 to 16 pounds — 6 to 8
hours
– 16 to 20 pounds — 8 to 10
hours
– 20 to 24 pounds — 10 to
12 hours
9. Thawing Curves
• We’ll use the USDA guidelines to
build a logarithmic function to model
the thawing of a frozen turkey.
• What you’ll need:
– A graphing calculator, preferably one that
has variable sliders
– Thermometer
– Spreadsheet for gathering data
10. Thawing Curves: Step 1
• Pick a method for thawing. Identify
the method your family will be using
to thaw the Thanksgiving turkey.
• For this example, let’s use the
refrigerator method to thaw a 12-
pound turkey over 3 days. Use these
data points as the start and end
points for the data:
(0, -10) and (3, 35)
At time 0, the temperature is -10°F.
After 3 days the temperature is 35°F.
11. Thawing Curves: Step 2
• Graph the start and end points on
your graphing calculator.
12. Thawing Curves: Step 3
• On your graphing calculator, set up a
logarithmic function of the form:
• Make sure that the values for a, b,
and c are tied to slider values on your
graphing calculator. With sliders you
can try endless values for a, b, and c
and see the impact on the graph.
y = a × log(b • x) + c
13. Thawing Curves: Step 4
• Manipulate the sliders until you find a
logarithmic function that fits the end
points. (There are an endless number
possible.)
14. Thawing Curves: Step 5
• Use the Trace feature to generate a
table of values. Use these to compare
predicted values from the model to
measured values.