1. The document discusses the selection and design of steel wire ropes and drums used for hoisting machinery. It provides formulas to determine the minimum rope diameter based on factors like rope construction and tension. 2. Formulas are also given to calculate the diameter of rope sheaves and drums based on the rope diameter and load. Design considerations for drums include providing helical grooves to prevent rope jamming. 3. An example problem demonstrates using the formulas to select an appropriate steel wire rope and design the drum and sheaves for an overhead crane that lifts a 10,000 kg load over 8 meters.

1. Selecting Steel Wire Ropes (Pemiliha/perencanaan Kawat baja)
1. Determine the ratio Dmin/d of every pulley system from the table (the values
are depending on the number of bents).
Diameter of the rope is expressed by the formula:
√ (9)
Where: δ = diameter of one wire
i = number of wires in the rope
2. The stress in a loaded rope is:
(10)
Where:
σb=ultimate breaking strength of the rope (kg/cm2
)/kekuatan
K = Factor of safety/ faktor keamanan
S = Tension of the rope (kg)/beban tali
F = Coss-section area of the rope (cm2
)
E’ = 3/8 E (Elastic modulus --- kg/cm2
)
Transforming formula (10) we obtain:
√
(11)
For ropes most frequently used in hoisting machinery are the ropes with 114,
222, and 342 wires.
For the rope with 222 wire, formula (11) becomes (E = 2.100.000 kg/cm2
)
(cm2
)

2. Maximum permissible tension in the rope is:
(12)
Where: S = maximum permissible tension (kg)
P = actual breaking strength of the rope (kg)
K = factor of safety
Maximum working tension in the rope parts (Sw) is obtained from the formula:
Where: Q = Load being raised (kg)
n = number of rope parts
η = pulley efficiency (Tabel 8)
η1 = rope stiffness efficiency ( 0.98)

3. Determination the number of bends (jumlah belokan tali):
1. Number of bends in a pulley system with one movable pulley
One bends is assumed to mean the transition of the rope from its
straight position into a bent one, or from a bent position into a straight
one. Reverse bending is count double.

4. 2. Number of bends in a pulley system with multiple pulley
Number of bends = 3
In determining the number of bends for multiple pulleys, the
compensating pulley is not considered since it remains stationery when
the load is being raised or lowered.

6. I. Design of Rope Sheaves (Perancangan Alur Puli)
Rope sheaves (alur pulli) for steel wire ropes for various rope diameters is
illustrated in tabel 16 bellows:
Rope sheaves is illustrated in figure bellow. Figure 54 (a) Large sheaves with ribs
or holes, (b) welded rope sheaves (alur pulli yang dilas)

7. For compensating sheaves (Figure 55), its diameter may be taken 40 percent
smaller than the diameter of the sheaves carrying the load (diameter puli kecil
adalah 40 persen lebih kecil dari puli beban).
The ratio between the hub length and the diameter of the axle is usually taken
within the range (l/d = 1,5 to 1,8).
The unit pressure in the sheaves is:
Where: l = length of the bussing (lebar puli)
D = diameter of the sheave axle (diameter poros puli)
Q = load (beban)
Unit pressure should not exceed the following values:
v (m/s) 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5
p (kg/cm2
) 75 70 66 62 60 57 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47

8. II. Design of Rope Drums
Drums for steel wire rope are made of cast iron. The drum diameter depens on
the diameter of the rope. With a power drive the drum should always be provided
with helical grooves (alur ulir) so that the rope winds up uniformly (melengkung
secara merata) and is less subject to wear (tidak cepat aus) (Fig 57a).
The radius of the helical grooves should be selected so as to prevent jamming of
the rope (the standard of the deep grooves for drums is listed in tabel 17).

9. There are 2 types of drum:
1. Drums with one coiling rope have only one helix (right hand)
2. Drums designed for two rope member are provided with two helices (right
hand and left hand).
The number of turn (jumlah lilitan) for one rope member is:
Where: i = transmission ratio of pulley system
D = drum diameter
H = height of the load rise
Length of the helix on the drum (panjang lilitan/alur ulir) is:
l = z s
Full length of the drum:
1. For one coiling rope is: ( )
2. For two coiling rope is: ( )
Maximum compressive stress at the inner surface of the drum is:
Where: S = rope load
w = wall thickness of the drum (tebal drum) = 0,02D + (0,6 ÷ 1 ) cm
s = pitch length (lebar pich/lebar antar alur)
l1 = jarak antara ujung alur kiri dan kanan pada drum (l1 = 0,25÷0,5 D)

10. Example problem:
Sebuah electric overhead crane seperti gambar bekerja pada level medium duty
dipakai mengangkat beban total Q = 10.000 kg (beban angkat + berat alat kait)
dengan tinggi angkat H = 8 m. Jumlah tali penahan beban (rope parts) z = 6,
efiseinsi total dari sistem puli adalah η =0,94. Bila tali yang dipilih adalah tipe
Cross lay rope dengan jumlah kawat 222 buah, faktor keamanan K = 4 , kekuatan
putus tali σb = 15.000 kg/cm2
dan E = 210 MPa. Tentukan:
a. Diameter minimum tali kawat baja yang digunakan.
b. Diameter drum, puli utama ,dan puli pembantu (compensating pulley).
c. Jari-jari alur drum dan besarnya pitch alur drum.
d. Jumlah lilitan/alur pada drum.
e. Panjang total drum
Jawab:
Beban pada setiap tali (tension in the rope) adalah:
Jumlah belokan pada sistem puli adalah n = 5. Dari tabel 7 untuk n = 5 didapat

11. Dmin/d = 26,5
a. Luas penampang tali minimum (dari rumus 13) didapat:
Diameter tali minimum adalah:
√
b. Diameter minimal drum dan puli utama adalah:
D = 26,5 d = 26,5 x 10 mm = 265 mm (Bisa dipilih D = 300 mm)
Diameter puli pembantu (compensating pulley) adalah:
D1 = 0,6 x D = 0,6 x 300 mm = 180 mm (Bisa dipilih D1 = 200 mm)
c. Jari-jari alur drum dan besarnya pitch (dari tabel 17) adalah:
r1 = 7 mm (dipilih dari besarnya diameter tali d = 11 mm)
s1 = 13 mm
d. Jumlah lilitan/alur pada pada masing-masing sisi drum:
e. Panjang total drum
( ) ( )