The document outlines various mastoid surgeries aimed at removing disease from the mastoid bone, classified by the status of the bony canal wall and the extent of tissue removal. It discusses the objectives of these surgeries, such as eradicating infections, preserving hearing, and ensuring a satisfactory cosmetic outcome, while also detailing the surgical approaches, advantages, and disadvantages. Additionally, it highlights potential complications and the importance of thorough disease removal to avoid recurrence.

1. Dr. Krishna Koirala //
Mastoid Surgeries

2. • Surgery performed on the mastoid to remove disease from the mastoid
bone
Classification
A. According to the status of bony canal wall
− Canal Wall up (bony canal wall is kept intact)
• Cortical
• Combined Approach Tympanoplasty (CAT)
− Canal Wall down (bony canal wall is broken down)
• Atticotomy
• Modified Radical / Radical mastoidectomy

3. B. According to extent of soft tissue/bone removal
− Cortical Mastoidectomy
− Modified Radical / Bondy’s mastoidectomy
− Radical Mastoidectomy

4. • To make ear safe by eliminating cholesteatoma,
granulations and chronic infection
• To make the ear problem-free for all usual
activities of daily living, including swimming
• To restore or improve hearing whenever possible
• To provide an acceptable cosmetic appearance

5. • Approaches to Mastoid Surgeries
– End aural (Lempert’s)
– Postaural (Wilde’s)
– Extended Endaural
– Circumferential

6. • Advantages
− Normal appearance of EAC
− Hearing aids easily fit
− No routine cleaning required
− High tolerance for water exposure
• Disadvantages
− Usually a staged procedure
− Relatively high rate of recurrent or persistent
cholesteatomas

7. • Advantages
− Usually a single procedure
− Low rate of persistent or recurrent cholesteatomas
• Disadvantages
− Enlarged external auditory meatus
− Hearing aids difficult to fit
− Periodic canal cleaning needed
− Occasional problem with water exposure

8. • Synonyms
−Schwartz's operation
−Simple mastoidectomy
−Complete mastoidectomy

9. − Complete exenteretion of all accessible mastoid air
cells and convert them into a single cavity
− Posterior canal wall and middle ear structures kept
intact

10. • Incompletely resolved ASOM with reservoir sign
• CSOM TT not responding to conservative medical treatment
• Acute coalescent mastoiditis
• Masked Mastoiditis
• Approach to
− Endolymphatic sac surgery
− Facial nerve decompression
− CP angle tumors (Translabyrinthine approach)
− Cochlear implant surgery

11. • Wilde’s Postauricular incision
• Dissection of soft tissues and preparation of graft
• Elevation of periostium
• Identification of MC Ewan's triangle
• Exposure of Mastoid antrum
• Exenterating of all accessible mastoid air cells
• Placement of graft
• Placement of drain
• Closure of wound and mastoid dressing

12. Post auricular incision

15. • Superior : Dural plate
• Inferior : Digastric ridge
• Anterior : Posterior wall
of external auditory canal
• Posterior : Sigmoid sinus
plate
• Medially : Dome of
Lateral semicircular canal

16. • An operation performed to eradicate disease from the
middle ear cavity and mastoid , in which the mastoid and
epitympanic spaces are converted into an easily accessible
common cavity by removing the posterior and superior
external bony canal walls with preservation of the healthy
ossicles and TM remnant

17. • Aim
− Eradicate disease from the middle ear cleft in
order to make the ear safe and dry and to
preserve or improve hearing
• Indications
– CSOM AA with adequate cochlear function
(serviceable hearing)

18. • All accessible diseased mastoid air cells along with
cholesteatoma and granulations are removed
• Bony posterior canal wall is lowered
• Disease from the middle ear cavity is removed but normal
mucosa of middle ear, remnant TM and healthy ossicles are
preserved
• Mastoid cavity and EAC become a single cavity separated by
middle ear cavity

19. Perform
Tympanoplasty and concho
- meatoplasty
Preserve
healthy mucosa, T.M.
remnant and ossicles
Remove
cholesteatoma and
granulations from mastoid
air cells & middle ear cavity
Lower
facial ridge and break facial
bridge
Perform cortical mastoidectomy

20. A large, adequate meatoplasty is necessary to create a
problem-free cavity

21. • Aims
− Remove / eradicate disease from the
middle ear cleft
− Make the ear safe and dry
− No attempt made to preserve hearing

22. 1. CSOM atticoantral disease with
− Profound sensorineural hearing loss
− Intra-cranial complication
− Recurrence after modified radical mastoidectomy
2. Limited malignancy of middle ear
3. Glomus jugulare
4. Osteomyelitis of temporal bone

23. − All accessible diseased mastoid air cells along with
cholesteatoma and granulations are removed
− Bony posterior canal wall is lowered down
− Disease from the middle ear cavity along with the mucosa
of middle ear, remnant TM and ossicles except the stapes
footplate are removed
− Eustachian tube opening is closed and mastoid cavity , EAC
and middle ear cavity all are converted to a single cavity

24. • Perform cortical mastoidectomy
• Lower facial ridge & break facial bridge,
remove cholesteatoma & granulations
from mastoid air cells & middle ear
• Remove remnant middle ear mucosa,
T.M. remnant & ossicles (except stapes
footplate)
• Close Eustachian tube opening and
perform Concho - meatoplasty
• Mastoid, E.A.C. & middle ear become
single cavity

25. • Injury to dural plate leading t bleeding, CSF leak and brain
fungus
• Injury to the sigmoid sinus leading to bleeding
• Injury to facial nerve leading to complete or incomplete facial
palsy
• Injury to the stapes footplate leading to sensorineural hearing
loss/ dead ear
• Incomplete surgery leading to residual disese
• Mastoid cavity problems in including discharging mastoid cavity

26. 1. Inadequate concho-meatoplasty
2. Recurrence of cholesteatoma
3. Residual cholesteatoma in : Facial ridge, sinodural angle ,
mastoid tip, sinus tympani, anterior Epitympanum
4. Persistent infection : Petrositis, T.B., sinusitis
5. Persistent allergy
6. Retained foreign body : cotton ball
7. Wrong indication

27. Mastoid cavity problems can be reduced by
• Complete removal of disease
• Saucerization of cavity
• Adequate lowering of facial ridge
• Round cavity
• Wide conchomeatoplasty
• Grafting the tympanic membrane

28. • Advantages
− Faster healing
− Easier long-term
postoperative care
− No water precautions
necessary (particularly
important in children and
water sports)
− More options available for
hearing aid, if necessary
• Disadvantages
− Epitympanum /mastoid not
accessible to post operative
inspection
− Supratubal space not easily
accessible unless malleus head
and incus removed
− Both residual and recurrent
disease more likely
− Greater number of procedures
required for disease eradication

29. • Cortical Mastoidectomy
• Anterior Tympanotomy via
tympano-meatal flap
• Posterior tympanotomy via
facial recess
• Tympanoplasty