The document discusses the rehabilitation of two historic stone arch bridges in Pennsylvania - the Stenton Avenue Bridge and the Edges Mill Road Bridge. It describes the deteriorated conditions found on the bridges that necessitated rehabilitation, including cracked and bulging stone walls. The rehabilitation projects stabilized the structures, repaired and repointed masonry, and added new reinforced concrete slabs and parapets to address safety issues. The rehabilitation of these bridges helped PennDOT develop an efficient approach to preserving other historic masonry arch bridges.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
It is used as a mould for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently.
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Bamboo is one of the oldest construction materials. It has been used all over the world as the building materials in the form of walls, roofs, foundation, reinforcements and decorations.
At the same time, it acts as the good earthquake resistance material.
Publication covers typical uses for economical cementitious grout in a variety of large- and small-scale civil and commercial construction projects, including specific uses within these broad categories: soil stabilization, groundwater control, soil strengthening, and sealing fissures in rock and concrete structures.
A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
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The design of Elements of Lifts and Escalator from Civil Engineering point of view. Mainly Raft foundation, Machine Foundation, and Shear walls are discussed.
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Bamboo is one of the oldest construction materials. It has been used all over the world as the building materials in the form of walls, roofs, foundation, reinforcements and decorations.
At the same time, it acts as the good earthquake resistance material.
Publication covers typical uses for economical cementitious grout in a variety of large- and small-scale civil and commercial construction projects, including specific uses within these broad categories: soil stabilization, groundwater control, soil strengthening, and sealing fissures in rock and concrete structures.
A stressed ribbon bridge (also stress-ribbon bridge or catenary bridge) is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports. Unlike the simple span, the ribbon is stressed in traction, which adds to the stiffness of the structure (simple suspension spans tend to sway and bounce).
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PILE FOUNDATIONS. This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below the weak layer. When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge, or water tank.
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Fresh concrete is the immediate result of mixing all its components. From the moment in which the mixture is produced, chemical reactions take place that give it its final characteristics, such as its outstanding hardness. “These reactions can occur up to years after mixing.”
A Stress Ribbon Bridge is a tension structure (similar in many ways to a simple suspension bridge). The suspension cables are embedded in the deck which follows a catenary arc between supports.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. Stone Arch Bridge Components
Source: Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1986
Preservation Combination
2 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
3. Displaced Sections
Preservation Combination
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4. Displaced Sections
Preservation Combination
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5. Displaced Sections
Preservation Combination
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6. Collapsed Spandrel Wall
Preservation Combination
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7. Longitudinal Cracks
Preservation Combination
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8. Missing Stones
Preservation Combination
8 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
9. Missing Stones
Preservation Combination
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10. Broken Stones
Preservation Combination
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11. Stone Deterioration
Preservation Combination
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12. Missing Mortar
Preservation Combination
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13. Water Infiltration
Preservation Combination
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14. Vegetation Growth
Preservation Combination
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15. Vegetation Growth
Preservation Combination
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16. Collision Damage
Preservation Combination
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17. CASE STUDIES
Preservation Combination
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18. Stenton Avenue Bridge (S.R. 3003) over
Wissahickon Creek
Whitemarsh Township, Montgomery County
Setting
The bridge carries a 2 lane road over a stream in a rural
setting with pasture land and forest at three quadrants of
the bridge. The fourth quadrant includes a large ca. 1960
dwelling.
Bridge Description
Built in 1914
Total length of 168 feet as measured from end to end of
wingwalls
2-Span Masonry Arch Bridge (clear spans of 30’ and 26’)
comprised of rubble-coursed field stone spandrel walls
and parapets with concrete capstones that continue
across the wingwalls. The voussoirs of the arch rings are
partially parged. The intrados are parged, and concrete
toe walls have been placed.
Preservation Combination
18 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
19. Aerial View Showing Project Setting
•Erdenheim Farm Showing Project Setting
Aerial View
•Fort Washington State Park
•Wissahickon Trail
Preservation Combination
19 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
20. Stenton Avenue Masonry Arch Rehabilitation
Completion Date: 2010
Cost: $1,050,000
Designer: TranSystems
Owner: PennDOT District 6-
0
Preservation Combination
20 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
21. Stenton Avenue Bridge
Average daily traffic:
9,774 vehicles per day.
Important
transportation link.
Critical Condition due to
masonry superstructure
condition with several
Priority “0” and “1”
recommendations
requiring timely repairs.
Preservation Combination
21 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
22. Existing Structure
Large sections of bulging spandrel walls.
Preservation Combination
22 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
23. Structure Was in Critical Condition
Sections of the masonry
walls exhibited cracks,
bulges and missing or
displaced stones. The
structure was classified as
Structurally Deficient.
Preservation Combination
23 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
24. Heavy Efflorescence on Intrados Coating
Overall, the barrels were in
good condition and suitable
for reuse in the rehabilitated
structure.
Preservation Combination
24 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
25. Substandard Bridge Railings
•Existing roadway width
(20’-10”) was determined
to be adequate for traffic
volumes.
•Masonry barriers
inadequate height and
strength.
•Substandard guiderail
connections.
Preservation Combination
25 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
26. How Significant Issues Were Resolved
Replace earth fill with lightweight concrete fill.
Reconstruct stone masonry parapets with
reinforced concrete cores and full width
moment slab.
Repoint masonry as needed.
Scour repair and protection.
Preservation Combination
26 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
27. Typical Section
Reinforced concrete moment slab constructed on the
new lightweight concrete fill and existing arch barrel.
Preservation Combination
27 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
28. Temporary Support of Arches
Arch “centering”, constructed of a timber and pipe scaffolding
system, installed to stabilize the arches during rehabilitation. The
existing bituminous pavement, earth fill, masonry parapets and
deteriorated sections of the spandrel walls were removed.
Preservation Combination
28 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
29. Utility Replacement
Since the utilities would ultimately be encased in the concrete fill,
carrier pipes were installed that would permit the smaller diameter
utility pipes to be installed after the bridge rehabilitation.
Preservation Combination
29 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
30. Removal of Earth Fill
Concrete fill was placed over pier and abutments to
stabilize the structure during masonry reconstruction.
Preservation Combination
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31. Replaced Earth Fill With Lightweight Concrete Fill
Deteriorated sections of the spandrel walls were
reconstructed and concrete fill was placed up to sub-grade
level of the new reinforced concrete moment slab.
Preservation Combination
31 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
32. Finished Concrete Moment Slab
Full width reinforced concrete moment slab with integral concrete
barriers was constructed on the concrete fill. The barriers were faced
with stone and finished with an integral concrete capstone for
aesthetics.
Preservation Combination
32 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
33. Typical Slab/Parapet with Reinforcement Detail
Preservation Combination
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34. Concrete Core Barrier
Stone facing was also provided on the
fascia.
Preservation Combination
34 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
35. Repointing of Masonry
Repointing was performed in accordance with the PennDOT Stone
Arch Bridge Maintenance Manual and NPS Standards.
Preservation Combination
35 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
36. Finished Roadway Section
•A bituminous wearing surface was added to the concrete moment
slab to provide the appearance of the original structure.
•Note increased parapet height and improved guiderail attachments.
Preservation Combination
36 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
37. Finished Bridge
Preservation Combination
37 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
38. Edges Mill Road Bridge (S.R. 4015) over a Branch
of Beaver Creek
Caln Township, Chester County
Setting
The bridge carries a 2 lane road over a stream in a
rural setting.
Bridge Description
Built in 1916
Total length of approximately 180’ feet as measured
from end to end of wingwalls
3-Span Masonry Arch Bridge (clear spans of 24’-7,
24’-8 & 24’-2) comprised of rubble-coursed field stone
spandrel walls and parapets with concrete capstones
that continue across the wingwalls.
The intrados of each span has been parged.
Preservation Combination
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39. Roadway View of Existing Bridge
Preservation Combination
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40. Existing South Elevation
Preservation Combination
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41. Longitudinal Crack in Arch Barrel
Preservation Combination
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42. Resetting Ringstones
Preservation Combination
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43. Resetting Ringstones
Preservation Combination
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44. Resetting Ringstones
Preservation Combination
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45. Bridge Plaque
Preservation Combination
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46. Partial Width Moment Slab
Preservation Combination
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47. Grand Opening
Preservation Combination
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48. North Elevation – Complete Bridge
Preservation Combination
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49. Lessons Learned/Conclusions
Through the development of a streamlined repair
methodology, PennDOT District 6-0 has been able to
efficiently and cost effectively rehabilitate it’s
structurally deficient masonry arch bridges.
Over the past 2 years, construction contracts for over
25 masonry arches, have been let employing these
procedures.
Preservation Combination
49 TRBADC50 / Preservation Partnerships / ByWays to the Past
Editor's Notes
Good morning.My name is Peter Berg from PennDOT District 6-0 and today I am presenting with co-author Michael Cuddy from TranSystems on Cost Effective Design and Rehabilitation of Masonry Arch Bridges or as could be said “The Next 100 Years”(next slide)
Stone arch bridge technology represents the earliest existent bridge type in the Commonwealth. Remaining examples in the five county Philadelphia area date from 1697 through the mid-twentieth century, and represent the largest collection of stone arch bridges in the Commonwealth and one of the largest in the nation.Masonry arch bridges are comprised of courses of stone or masonry units constructed to transmit loads to the supports mainly by axial compressive forces through the arch barrel. The spandrel walls act as retaining walls to support the earth fill which carries the roadway. (next slide)
Like numerous other bridge types, water infiltration is the primary cause of deterioration of these structures. With this water infiltration and seasonal freeze / thaw cycles, the resulting defects are embodied by displaced sections…(next slide)
(next slide)
(next slide)
…and if left if left unchecked, the displaced sections can lead to a total or partial collapse.(next slide)
(next slide)
Missing stones…(next slide)
(next slide)
Broken stones…(next slide)
Stone masonry deterioration or blow outs…(next slide)
Missing or lost mortar…(next slide)
And again water infiltration through the mortar joints with development of efflorescence.(next slide)
