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LEGAL FRAMEWORK
FOR SHALE
DEVELOPMENT AND
CULTURAL RESOURCES
Marion F. Werkheiser, Attorney at Law
Cultural Heritage Partners, LLC
Cultural Heritage Under Threat
   Kirshner Site, Westmoreland County near
    West Newton




               Kirs hne r Site Pho to g ra p hs Co urte s y o f Bill Jo hns o n
Kirshner Site
   2 Monongahela villages, approx. 200 years
    apart
Kirshner Site
Kirshner Site
Kirshner Site
   Violent end of later settlement: invasion,
    burning, massacre and butchering of bodies
End to Excavations
Known Shale Plays in Lower 48
Federal Regulation of Hydraulic
Fracturing (or lack thereof)
   National Historic Preservation Act Section 106
    Reviews Occur as result of Federal
    Undertaking:
       Carried Out, Approved, or Funded by Federal
        Government
       U.S. Public Lands

   Where is the federal nexus for hydraulic
    fracturing and shale development?
Federal Regulation
   Safe Drinking Water Act
       Underground Injection Control Program
       “Halliburton Loophole” exempts:
         The underground injection of fluids or propping agents
         (other than diesel fuels) pursuant to hydraulic
         fracturing operations related to oil, gas, or geothermal
         production activities. 42 U.S.C. § 300h(d)(1)(B) (ii)
       UIC Program is not delegated in PA
       New definition of “diesel fuels” soon
Federal Regulation
   Clean Water Act exempts hydraulic fracturing
    from NPDES permits
   Army Corps of Engineers
       Wetlands and stream crossings DO require
        federal permits
       Interpretation of Appendix C can lead to limited
        reviews
Pennsylvania
   Oil and Gas Act requires that DEP consider
    impacts of proposed wells on listed historical
    and archaeological sites
       10 acre rule
   Law passed earlier this year overrides local
    zoning ordinances
   PHMC’s best practices encourage landowners
    to require avoidance in their leases, drillers to
    collaborate and search databases
Friedenshutten, Wyalusing, PA
   Means “tents of peace” where Moravian
    settlers from Czech Republic and Eastern
    Delaware tribe lived together for nearly ten
    years
Contact Us




            Marion F. Werkheiser
              Attorney at Law
              (703) 489-6059
     marion@culturalheritagepartners.com

 O ur a tto rne y s a re a d m itte d to p ra c tic e la w in Virg inia , Dis tric t o f Co lum bia , M ry la nd a nd Ca lifo rnia
                                                                                                       a

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LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SHALE DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL RESOURCES

  • 1. LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR SHALE DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL RESOURCES Marion F. Werkheiser, Attorney at Law Cultural Heritage Partners, LLC
  • 2. Cultural Heritage Under Threat  Kirshner Site, Westmoreland County near West Newton Kirs hne r Site Pho to g ra p hs Co urte s y o f Bill Jo hns o n
  • 3. Kirshner Site  2 Monongahela villages, approx. 200 years apart
  • 6. Kirshner Site  Violent end of later settlement: invasion, burning, massacre and butchering of bodies
  • 8. Known Shale Plays in Lower 48
  • 9. Federal Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing (or lack thereof)  National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 Reviews Occur as result of Federal Undertaking:  Carried Out, Approved, or Funded by Federal Government  U.S. Public Lands  Where is the federal nexus for hydraulic fracturing and shale development?
  • 10. Federal Regulation  Safe Drinking Water Act  Underground Injection Control Program  “Halliburton Loophole” exempts:  The underground injection of fluids or propping agents (other than diesel fuels) pursuant to hydraulic fracturing operations related to oil, gas, or geothermal production activities. 42 U.S.C. § 300h(d)(1)(B) (ii)  UIC Program is not delegated in PA  New definition of “diesel fuels” soon
  • 11. Federal Regulation  Clean Water Act exempts hydraulic fracturing from NPDES permits  Army Corps of Engineers  Wetlands and stream crossings DO require federal permits  Interpretation of Appendix C can lead to limited reviews
  • 12. Pennsylvania  Oil and Gas Act requires that DEP consider impacts of proposed wells on listed historical and archaeological sites  10 acre rule  Law passed earlier this year overrides local zoning ordinances  PHMC’s best practices encourage landowners to require avoidance in their leases, drillers to collaborate and search databases
  • 13. Friedenshutten, Wyalusing, PA  Means “tents of peace” where Moravian settlers from Czech Republic and Eastern Delaware tribe lived together for nearly ten years
  • 14. Contact Us Marion F. Werkheiser Attorney at Law (703) 489-6059 marion@culturalheritagepartners.com O ur a tto rne y s a re a d m itte d to p ra c tic e la w in Virg inia , Dis tric t o f Co lum bia , M ry la nd a nd Ca lifo rnia a

Editor's Notes

  1. EPA Program: Clean Water Act exempts materials used in hydraulic fracturing from being considered pollutants under NPDES program (No permits required) Army Corps of Engineers: wetlands and stream crossings DO require federal permits, although interpretation of Appendix C can lead to limited reviews
  2. Oil and Gas Act requires that DEP consider impacts of proposed wells on public resources, including listed historical and archaeological sites Permits do not have to be reviewed by Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC) unless greater than 10 acres Law passed earlier this year overrides local zoning ordinances PHMC’s best practices encourage landowners to require avoidance in their leases, drillers to collaborate and search databases