This presentation defines marriage and discusses types of marriages. It begins by providing definitions of marriage from anthropological scholars Malinowski and Lowie. The presenter then defines marriage as a formal, legal, social, economic, and emotional union between two individuals. Characteristics of marriage include its universality, permanence, social approval, role in establishing family, mutual obligations, and association with ceremonies. People marry for legal, social, emotional, and economic reasons as well as to have children. Marriage can be prescribed or preferential. Types of marriage include monogamy, serial monogamy, polygamy (which includes polygyny and polyandry), and polygynandry. Ways of acquiring a mate

1. PRESENTATION BY
HASHMAT HABIB
PHD SCHOLAR ANTHROPOLOGY,

2. MARRIAGE

3. DEFINITIONS
• MALINOWSKI :-
“CONTRACT FOR THE PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE”.
• ROBERT. H. LOWIE:-
“MARRIAGE IS A RELATIVELY PERMANENT BOND BETWEEN PERMISSIBLE
MATES”

4. DEFINITION
• MARRIAGE:-
A FORMAL UNION, A SOCIAL AND LEGAL CONTRACT BETWEEN TWO
INDIVIDUALS THAT UNITES THEIR LIVES LEGALLY, ECONOMICALLY, AND
EMOTIONALLY. THE CONTRACTUAL MARRIAGE AGREEMENT USUALLY IMPLIES
THAT THE COUPLE HAS LEGAL OBLIGATIONS TO EACH OTHER THROUGH OUT
THEIR LIVES OR UNTIL THEY DECIDE TO DIVORCE.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MARRIAGE
1. MARRIAGE IS A UNIVERSAL SOCIAL INSTITUTION.
2. MARRIAGE IS A PERMANENT BOND BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE.
3. MARRIAGE REQUIRES SOCIAL APPROVAL.
4. MARRIAGE ESTABLISHES FAMILY.
5. MARRIAGE CREATES MUTUAL OBLIGATIONS.
6. MARRIAGE IS ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS
CEREMONY.
7. MARRIAGE REGULATES SEX RELATIONSHIP.
8. MARRIAGE HAS CERTAIN SYMBOLS.

6. WHY PEOPLE MARRY?

7. PEOPLE MARRY FOR:-
• LEGAL
• SOCIAL
• EMOTIONAL
• ECONOMIC
• TO BEGET CHILDREN AND HAVE HAPPY FAMILY

8. MARRIAGE CAN BE
• PRESCRIBED :-
IT IS A TYPE THAT IS REQUIRED
• PREFERENTIAL:-
IT IS A TYPE THAT IS PREFERRED

9. TYPES OF MARRIAGE
• MONOGAMY:-
“ONE-UNION” MARRIAGE WHEREIN MAN MARRIES ONE WOMEN.
SERIAL MONOGAMY:-
MAN HAS A SERIES OF WIVES ONE AFTER THE ANOTHER, BUT ONLY ON AT A
POINT OF TIME.

10. POLYGAMY
• POLYGAMY:-
A PERSON HAS MORE THAN ONE SPOUSE AT A GIVEN TIME.
POLYGAMY
POLYGYNY POLYANDRY

11. POLYGYNY
• WHEN ONE MAN MARRIES MANY WOMEN.
SORORAL POLYGAMY:
IF THE WIVES OF THAT MAN ARE SISTERS.

12. POLYANDRY
“A WOMAN IS MARRIED TO MORE THAN ONE MAN”.
FOUND IN TIBET, CANADIAN ARCTIC, NORTHERN PARTS OF NEPAL, NIGERIA,
BHUTAN PARTS OF INDIA, AND SRI LANKA.
• FRATERNAL/ADELPHIC POLYANDRY:-
WOMAN IS MARRIED TO TWO OR MORE BROTHERS AT A TIME.
IN MAHABHARATA :- FIVE PANDAVA BROTHERS WERE MARRIED TO PRINCESS
DRAUPADI.
• FAMILIAL POLYANDRY:-
WHEN THE HUSBANDS OF A WOMAN ARE FATHER AND SON.

13. POLYGYNANDRY
• WHERE MAN HAS MANY WIVES AND A WOMAN HAS MANY HUSBANDS AT A
GIVEN TIME.
PREVALENT AMONG TODAS OF NILGIRI HILLS, KHASAS OF JAUNSAR BAWAR AND
MARQUESANS OF POLYNESIA.

14. WAYS OF ACQUIRING A MATE
• MARRIAGE BY NEGOTIATION
• MARRIAGE BY EXCHANGE
• MARRIAGE BY SERVICE
• MARRIAGE BY PROBATION
• MARRIAGE BY CAPTURE
• MARRIAGE BY INTRUSION
• MARRIAGE BY TRIAL
• MARRIAGE BY ELOPEMENT

15. SOME TERMS
• LIVING IN
• SAME SEX MARRIAGE
• HYPERGAMY (ANULOMA MARRIAGE)
UPPER CASTE MAN + LOWER CASTE WOMAN
• HYPOGAMY(PRATILOMA MARRIAGE)
LOWER CASTE MAN + UPPER CASTE WOMEN

16. THANK YOU
• HASHMAT HABIB