The document discusses foundational concepts in management information systems, including:
- Information needs depend on factors like the user's activities, organization level, and profession. Top management needs summarized reports while lower levels need detailed internal information.
- An information system takes in data, analyzes it using computer hardware and software, displays useful information as output, and uses feedback to act on the environment.
- Information can be classified by management level as operational, tactical, or strategic. Operational information is highly detailed and internal, tactical provides summaries for control, and strategic looks externally for long-term predictive insights.
Enterprise management systems (EMS) are large-scale software packages that support business processes, information flows, reporting, and data analytics in complex organizations. EMS include components like ERP for operational systems, CAD/CAM/CAE for engineering drawings and design information, AMS for employee attendance tracking, DMS for document management, CMS for communication management, and SMS for security management of people, vehicles, and materials. These systems integrate various business functions and provide inputs for planning and control across the organization.
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
La propuesta busca adquirir equipos con tecnología de punta para mejorar la producción y servicios de una empresa dedicada a la asesoría de imagen, publicidad y trabajos de artes gráficas. Se propone capacitar al personal en el manejo de los nuevos equipos y rediseñar la distribución de los espacios de la empresa. El modelo de investigación-acción será utilizado para diagnosticar las necesidades tecnológicas mediante entrevistas al personal, analizar la información, retroalimentar el plan de acción con los involucrados y evaluar
B2B Marketing - Chapter 3: Marketing Information SystemCalvin Nguyen
The document discusses marketing information systems and market research. It provides details on marketing intelligence systems, which gather everyday information about market developments. It also describes database marketing, secondary research sources, sampling methods for primary research, and the purposes and advantages/disadvantages of conducting market research.
The slides are created for 'Management Information System' subject of SEIT under University of Pune, INDIA.
Subject Teacher: Mr. Tushar B Kute,
Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashik.
In this presentation, we will discuss the concept of ERP, scope and potentials of ERP software, meeting the business needs with ERP implementation, key terminologies and use of ERP across a complete business system.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Supply Chain Management (SCM). ERP integrates internal business processes, CRM focuses on marketing, sales, and customer service, and SCM coordinates activities from initial raw materials to final delivery of products. The document outlines the business functions and benefits of each system, as well as causes for implementation failures such as underestimating complexity and overreliance on vendor claims. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) software connects major e-business applications like CRM and ERP.
Enterprise resource planning unit 1 introductionGanesha Pandian
This document provides an overview of enterprise systems and ERP implementation. It discusses the evolution of ERP from materials requirements planning systems in the 1970s to modern extended ERP solutions. The document also outlines some key risks and benefits of ERP implementation, including integration challenges, time and expense requirements, and potential for improved decision making and resource utilization. Additional topics covered include ERP architecture, related business intelligence technologies, and important factors for a successful ERP project.
Enterprise management systems (EMS) are large-scale software packages that support business processes, information flows, reporting, and data analytics in complex organizations. EMS include components like ERP for operational systems, CAD/CAM/CAE for engineering drawings and design information, AMS for employee attendance tracking, DMS for document management, CMS for communication management, and SMS for security management of people, vehicles, and materials. These systems integrate various business functions and provide inputs for planning and control across the organization.
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
La propuesta busca adquirir equipos con tecnología de punta para mejorar la producción y servicios de una empresa dedicada a la asesoría de imagen, publicidad y trabajos de artes gráficas. Se propone capacitar al personal en el manejo de los nuevos equipos y rediseñar la distribución de los espacios de la empresa. El modelo de investigación-acción será utilizado para diagnosticar las necesidades tecnológicas mediante entrevistas al personal, analizar la información, retroalimentar el plan de acción con los involucrados y evaluar
B2B Marketing - Chapter 3: Marketing Information SystemCalvin Nguyen
The document discusses marketing information systems and market research. It provides details on marketing intelligence systems, which gather everyday information about market developments. It also describes database marketing, secondary research sources, sampling methods for primary research, and the purposes and advantages/disadvantages of conducting market research.
The slides are created for 'Management Information System' subject of SEIT under University of Pune, INDIA.
Subject Teacher: Mr. Tushar B Kute,
Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashik.
In this presentation, we will discuss the concept of ERP, scope and potentials of ERP software, meeting the business needs with ERP implementation, key terminologies and use of ERP across a complete business system.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
This document discusses Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), and Supply Chain Management (SCM). ERP integrates internal business processes, CRM focuses on marketing, sales, and customer service, and SCM coordinates activities from initial raw materials to final delivery of products. The document outlines the business functions and benefits of each system, as well as causes for implementation failures such as underestimating complexity and overreliance on vendor claims. Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) software connects major e-business applications like CRM and ERP.
Enterprise resource planning unit 1 introductionGanesha Pandian
This document provides an overview of enterprise systems and ERP implementation. It discusses the evolution of ERP from materials requirements planning systems in the 1970s to modern extended ERP solutions. The document also outlines some key risks and benefits of ERP implementation, including integration challenges, time and expense requirements, and potential for improved decision making and resource utilization. Additional topics covered include ERP architecture, related business intelligence technologies, and important factors for a successful ERP project.
The document outlines several key business functions and organizational structures. It discusses common business functions like human resources, sales and marketing, research and development, production, customer service, finance, and administration. It also examines different types of organizational structures such as global, national, regional, and local businesses. The document explores concepts related to organizational authority, span of control, chain of command, and different types of organizational charts including hierarchical, pyramidal, centralized, collaborative, circular, and matrix structures.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
This document discusses management information systems and their applications. It defines information systems as sets of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making. It also distinguishes data from information, describing how information systems convert raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output activities. The document then outlines six strategic business objectives that companies pursue through investments in information systems: operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Finally, it describes different types of systems - transaction processing, management information, decision support, and executive support - that serve various management levels in organizations.
1. Capacity planning involves estimating current capacity, forecasting future capacity needs, identifying options to meet needs, and selecting sources of additional capacity.
2. Capacity can be measured using output rate, input rate, capacity utilization percentage, or capacity cushion and is important for meeting demands, costs, competitiveness, and planning.
3. The document discusses definitions of capacity, the capacity planning process, measurements of capacity, forecasting demands, and considerations for evaluating capacity alternatives.
MIS 15 Application of MIS (Manufacturing Sector)Tushar B Kute
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands. It involves assessing existing capacity, forecasting future needs, identifying options to modify capacity, evaluating financial and technological alternatives, and selecting the most suitable option. Capacity planning can be classified as long term or short term based on time horizon and finite or infinite based on resources employed. Long term planning accommodates major changes like new products or facilities while short term addresses intermediate fluctuations through overtime or subcontracting. Factors affecting capacity planning include controllable aspects like labor and facilities as well as less controllable issues like absenteeism or machine breakdowns.
Marketing research involves systematically collecting and analyzing information to support marketing decisions. It links consumers and the public to marketers through gathering information to identify opportunities and problems. There are two main types of marketing research - consumer market research and business-to-business research. The marketing research process involves defining the problem, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting the research, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings and recommendations.
This is our first post in the series explaining the concepts surrounding MRP system.
MRP is a term that can be understood in many ways. We’ll try to shed some light on the history and relevance of the term and the characteristics of the MRP systems.
(Funnily, the answer to “What is MRP?” depends on the age of the respondent. Read on, and you’ll understand why.)
http://manufacturing-software-blog.mrpeasy.com/blog/2017/09/25/mrp/
Enterprise Management Systems provide Enterprise software, also known as enterprise software application (ESA), ... billing systems, security, enterprise content management, IT service management.....
This document provides an overview of key topics in business analytics including:
- Major business analytics methods like online analytical processing (OLAP), data visualization, and multidimensionality.
- Tools for business analytics like geographic information systems (GIS) and how they support decision making.
- Emerging areas like real-time business analytics using data from the web and clickstream analysis.
- Implementation issues and factors for success when adopting business analytics.
The document discusses competitive intelligence gathering and provides a framework for understanding it. It defines competitive intelligence as business information used to manage risks from internal and external forces. The framework includes situational, organizational, and information dimensions to guide intelligence needs, sources, use, and results. It outlines the intelligence process of defining needs, collecting data, analyzing, disseminating, and reviewing. Various tools and techniques are also described like competitor analysis, market intelligence, and environmental assessment to support decision making. Finally, it discusses risks, opportunities, and developing an action plan to implement competitive intelligence.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
MRP II is a method for effectively planning all resources in a manufacturing company using integrated software systems. It addresses operational and financial planning as well as simulation capabilities. Key elements include the master production schedule, bill of materials, production resources, and integrated auxiliary systems for business planning, engineering, sales analysis, and accounting. MRP II provides benefits like better inventory control, scheduling, and cash flow through integrated planning of materials, capacity, and finances across the organization.
1. The document discusses key concepts in marketing such as the importance of marketing, scope of marketing, types of demand and markets.
2. It also covers the evolution of marketing concepts from production to holistic marketing. Holistic marketing takes an integrated approach and emphasizes relationship building.
3. The document outlines various marketing management tasks such as developing strategies, understanding customers, building brands, and communicating value.
The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). [1] It provides an overview of the origins and evolution of MIS from manual systems to modern computer-based systems. [2] MIS is defined as an information system that helps management make decisions by providing them with relevant information from across the organization. [3] The key roles and functions of MIS are to support business operations, decision making, and gaining competitive advantage through strategic use of information technology.
The document discusses the Balanced Scorecard framework. It provides background on how the Balanced Scorecard was developed in the 1990s as a performance measurement approach that expanded beyond solely financial measures. It then describes the key components of a Balanced Scorecard including translating strategy into objectives across financial, customer, internal process, and innovation/learning perspectives. Steps for developing a Balanced Scorecard including clarifying strategy, setting objectives, and defining metrics are also outlined. An example of successful implementation at Mobil is provided. Challenges and best practices for using Balanced Scorecards, including in e-business, are discussed.
Information system in business functions unit ivlaiprabhakar
This document discusses different types of management information systems (MIS) used in business functions like accounting, finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources. It provides details on the purpose and components of accounting information systems, financial MIS, manufacturing MIS, marketing MIS, and human resource MIS. These systems collect internal transaction data and external data to generate reports that support decision making, routine activities, planning, and control within each business function.
Types of Information systems tps to EIS.pptxAdityaDubewar2
1. The document describes different types of information systems used at various levels within an organization, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems.
2. Transaction processing systems support operational-level decisions and handle daily routine transactions. Management information systems provide routine reports and data to support structured management decisions.
3. Decision support systems combine data and analytical tools to support semi-structured and unstructured decision-making at the management level. Executive support systems address unstructured strategic decision-making through advanced graphics and communication.
This document discusses various types of management decision making and information systems that support decision making. It describes strategic, tactical and operational decision making levels and different decision making models. It also summarizes transaction processing systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, group decision support systems, data mining, knowledge management systems and enterprise information portals that help managers at different levels make effective decisions. The document also provides an example of how Hertz Corp. used an executive support system to make real-time marketing decisions.
The document outlines several key business functions and organizational structures. It discusses common business functions like human resources, sales and marketing, research and development, production, customer service, finance, and administration. It also examines different types of organizational structures such as global, national, regional, and local businesses. The document explores concepts related to organizational authority, span of control, chain of command, and different types of organizational charts including hierarchical, pyramidal, centralized, collaborative, circular, and matrix structures.
Management Information System - MIS - ApplicationFaHaD .H. NooR
This document discusses management information systems and their applications. It defines information systems as sets of components that collect, process, store, and distribute information to support decision making. It also distinguishes data from information, describing how information systems convert raw data into meaningful information through input, processing, and output activities. The document then outlines six strategic business objectives that companies pursue through investments in information systems: operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage, and survival. Finally, it describes different types of systems - transaction processing, management information, decision support, and executive support - that serve various management levels in organizations.
1. Capacity planning involves estimating current capacity, forecasting future capacity needs, identifying options to meet needs, and selecting sources of additional capacity.
2. Capacity can be measured using output rate, input rate, capacity utilization percentage, or capacity cushion and is important for meeting demands, costs, competitiveness, and planning.
3. The document discusses definitions of capacity, the capacity planning process, measurements of capacity, forecasting demands, and considerations for evaluating capacity alternatives.
MIS 15 Application of MIS (Manufacturing Sector)Tushar B Kute
These presentations are created by Tushar B Kute to teach the subject 'Management Information System' subject of TEIT of University of Pune.
http://www.tusharkute.com
Capacity planning is the process of determining the production capacity needed by an organization to meet changing demands. It involves assessing existing capacity, forecasting future needs, identifying options to modify capacity, evaluating financial and technological alternatives, and selecting the most suitable option. Capacity planning can be classified as long term or short term based on time horizon and finite or infinite based on resources employed. Long term planning accommodates major changes like new products or facilities while short term addresses intermediate fluctuations through overtime or subcontracting. Factors affecting capacity planning include controllable aspects like labor and facilities as well as less controllable issues like absenteeism or machine breakdowns.
Marketing research involves systematically collecting and analyzing information to support marketing decisions. It links consumers and the public to marketers through gathering information to identify opportunities and problems. There are two main types of marketing research - consumer market research and business-to-business research. The marketing research process involves defining the problem, formulating a hypothesis, designing and conducting the research, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings and recommendations.
This is our first post in the series explaining the concepts surrounding MRP system.
MRP is a term that can be understood in many ways. We’ll try to shed some light on the history and relevance of the term and the characteristics of the MRP systems.
(Funnily, the answer to “What is MRP?” depends on the age of the respondent. Read on, and you’ll understand why.)
http://manufacturing-software-blog.mrpeasy.com/blog/2017/09/25/mrp/
Enterprise Management Systems provide Enterprise software, also known as enterprise software application (ESA), ... billing systems, security, enterprise content management, IT service management.....
This document provides an overview of key topics in business analytics including:
- Major business analytics methods like online analytical processing (OLAP), data visualization, and multidimensionality.
- Tools for business analytics like geographic information systems (GIS) and how they support decision making.
- Emerging areas like real-time business analytics using data from the web and clickstream analysis.
- Implementation issues and factors for success when adopting business analytics.
The document discusses competitive intelligence gathering and provides a framework for understanding it. It defines competitive intelligence as business information used to manage risks from internal and external forces. The framework includes situational, organizational, and information dimensions to guide intelligence needs, sources, use, and results. It outlines the intelligence process of defining needs, collecting data, analyzing, disseminating, and reviewing. Various tools and techniques are also described like competitor analysis, market intelligence, and environmental assessment to support decision making. Finally, it discusses risks, opportunities, and developing an action plan to implement competitive intelligence.
Enterprise systems integrate information across a company's operations on a company-wide basis. They provide a central repository for information that is common to all corporate users. These systems allow seamless sharing of information regardless of where the data is located. Interorganizational systems facilitate information flow between companies to streamline processes. Enterprise systems can be internally or externally focused to coordinate activities within a company or with external partners.
MRP II is a method for effectively planning all resources in a manufacturing company using integrated software systems. It addresses operational and financial planning as well as simulation capabilities. Key elements include the master production schedule, bill of materials, production resources, and integrated auxiliary systems for business planning, engineering, sales analysis, and accounting. MRP II provides benefits like better inventory control, scheduling, and cash flow through integrated planning of materials, capacity, and finances across the organization.
1. The document discusses key concepts in marketing such as the importance of marketing, scope of marketing, types of demand and markets.
2. It also covers the evolution of marketing concepts from production to holistic marketing. Holistic marketing takes an integrated approach and emphasizes relationship building.
3. The document outlines various marketing management tasks such as developing strategies, understanding customers, building brands, and communicating value.
The document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). [1] It provides an overview of the origins and evolution of MIS from manual systems to modern computer-based systems. [2] MIS is defined as an information system that helps management make decisions by providing them with relevant information from across the organization. [3] The key roles and functions of MIS are to support business operations, decision making, and gaining competitive advantage through strategic use of information technology.
The document discusses the Balanced Scorecard framework. It provides background on how the Balanced Scorecard was developed in the 1990s as a performance measurement approach that expanded beyond solely financial measures. It then describes the key components of a Balanced Scorecard including translating strategy into objectives across financial, customer, internal process, and innovation/learning perspectives. Steps for developing a Balanced Scorecard including clarifying strategy, setting objectives, and defining metrics are also outlined. An example of successful implementation at Mobil is provided. Challenges and best practices for using Balanced Scorecards, including in e-business, are discussed.
Information system in business functions unit ivlaiprabhakar
This document discusses different types of management information systems (MIS) used in business functions like accounting, finance, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources. It provides details on the purpose and components of accounting information systems, financial MIS, manufacturing MIS, marketing MIS, and human resource MIS. These systems collect internal transaction data and external data to generate reports that support decision making, routine activities, planning, and control within each business function.
Types of Information systems tps to EIS.pptxAdityaDubewar2
1. The document describes different types of information systems used at various levels within an organization, including transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and executive support systems.
2. Transaction processing systems support operational-level decisions and handle daily routine transactions. Management information systems provide routine reports and data to support structured management decisions.
3. Decision support systems combine data and analytical tools to support semi-structured and unstructured decision-making at the management level. Executive support systems address unstructured strategic decision-making through advanced graphics and communication.
This document discusses various types of management decision making and information systems that support decision making. It describes strategic, tactical and operational decision making levels and different decision making models. It also summarizes transaction processing systems, decision support systems, executive support systems, group decision support systems, data mining, knowledge management systems and enterprise information portals that help managers at different levels make effective decisions. The document also provides an example of how Hertz Corp. used an executive support system to make real-time marketing decisions.
Introduction to management information system in costingomkarbhujbal6
The document provides an introduction to management information systems (MIS) in costing. It defines MIS as a process that provides information to manage an organization effectively. The key components of an MIS are management, information, and systems. An MIS captures, processes, stores, retrieves, and disseminates data to support management decision making. Developing an accurate cost management system is an important objective of integrating MIS into an organization's processes. The conceptual design of an MIS involves process, logical, and physical models to map how information flows through the system.
Management involves planning, organizing, staffing, budgeting, coordinating, and controlling all aspects of an organization. An effective management information system (MIS) provides managers with tools to organize, evaluate, and efficiently run their departments by collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating large amounts of rapidly changing internal and external data. The development of computing power, management practices, the internet, and e-commerce has driven the evolution of MIS from primarily data storage and processing to facilitating real-time decision making support across organizational levels.
This document discusses objectives and concepts related to information, data, and effective presentation. It covers classifying and characteristics of information, data capture and accuracy, and the needs and uses of information for management and decision making. Key points include how information can be classified by source, nature, level, time, etc. and the importance of relevant, accurate, and timely information for planning and decision making. It also addresses translating data prior to entry, ensuring data quality, and audit mechanisms for data capture.
The document discusses various types of information systems that support decision making. It describes management information systems that provide routine operational reports, decision support systems that help with semi-structured tactical decisions through modeling and analysis, and executive information systems that provide customized insights to top executives. The document also covers data warehousing, data mining, expert systems, and emerging trends like personalized decision support and what-if scenario analysis.
Management information systems (MIS) produce reports from transaction data to inform managers' structured and semi-structured decisions. MIS gather internal and external data, process and store it centrally, and make it available to authorized users. They support functions like decision support systems, resource planning, and customer relationship management. MIS help identify business process improvements and provide overall business insights through data analysis.
An information system is a computer-based system for processing and organizing information to provide various levels of management with accurate and timely information needed for decision making. Globalization and the knowledge economy have increased the need for information systems. Modern information systems allow organizations to operate globally, transform into knowledge-based enterprises, and decentralize and flatten their structures. They provide new options for organizational design like virtual organizations and electronic commerce.
Management Information Systems (MIS) is the study of people, technology, organizations and the relationships among them. MIS professionals help firms realize maximum benefit from investment in personnel, equipment, and business processes by creating information systems for data management and meeting the needs of managers, staff and customers. A management information system gives managers the information they need to make efficient and effective decisions by collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data.
Unit 1 Introduction to MIS, MIS & Data Mining , MIS & Decision MakingAsmita Singh
this presentation highlights the role and need of MIS. it also includes the data flow within databses, datawarehouses and datamarts. It includes the functions of OLAP AND OLTP. It briefs about how data gets converted into information called as data mining. Further sections include different kinds of MIS management levels and managers . Then the outputs of MIS in the form of MIS reports have been illustrated with diagrams. in the later section, MIS and decision making has been discussed in details. concept of SWOT ANALYSIS and Cost benefit analysis has also been described . Structured, Unstructured and semi-structured decisions have also been discussed in detail.
This document discusses the development of long-range plans for management information systems (MIS). It begins by explaining the importance of planning for information as a key organizational resource. It then outlines various components that should be included in an MIS plan, such as goals and objectives, development strategies, system architectures, and hardware/software plans. The document contrasts business plans with MIS plans and describes different types of information that may be required, including organizational, functional, knowledge, decision support, and operational information. It also discusses methods for determining information requirements, such as interviews, analyzing existing systems, critical success factors, and experimentation/modeling. Finally, it briefly introduces the prototype and lifecycle approaches to information system development and implementation.
This document discusses key concepts related to data, information, knowledge, and decision making. It defines data as raw facts, information as processed data that provides meaningful context, and knowledge as the combined result of experiences and information. The document also describes different types of decisions, levels of decision making, attributes of information quality, and sources of formal and informal information.
Management Information Systems (MIS) are integrated systems that provide information to support decision-making and operations management in organizations. An MIS captures, processes, stores, and disseminates data to support decision-making at all levels of management. It uses a systems approach and focuses on meeting the information needs of managers. Characteristics of an effective MIS include being management-oriented, need-based, integrated, and future-oriented. An MIS helps improve decision-making, coordination, efficiency, and strategic planning.
This document discusses key concepts related to data, information, knowledge, and decision making. It defines data as raw facts or observations, information as processed data that provides meaningful context, and knowledge as the combined result of experiences and information possessed. The document also describes attributes of information quality, types of managerial decisions as structured, unstructured, or semi-structured, and levels of decision making as strategic, tactical, or operational. Overall, the document provides an overview of fundamental concepts for understanding information use in decision making.
Information Systems in Global Business Today.pptxRoshni814224
The document discusses the role of information systems in business today. It describes how information systems are transforming business through emerging technologies like mobile platforms, big data, and cloud computing. Information systems help businesses achieve strategic objectives like operational excellence, new products/services, customer intimacy, improved decision making, competitive advantage and survival. The growth of information technology investment from 32% to 52% of capital between 1980-2009 is also noted. Key topics covered include digital business processes, strategic uses of information systems, and how systems and business capabilities are interdependent.
This document discusses Management Information Systems (MIS). It defines MIS as systems that produce information for management at different levels to support operations, planning, control, and decision making. While computers are not essential for MIS, they have made it possible to handle large data volumes quickly and accurately. The document also discusses the difference between data and information, with information being relevant knowledge produced from processed data. It provides examples of different types of information systems like Transaction Processing Systems, Management Information Systems, and Decision Support Systems that support different management levels.
Management Information Systems (MIS) use data from transaction processing systems to create useful information for management. There are three main types of information systems: transaction processing systems that handle day-to-day operations; information systems that analyze transaction data; and management information systems that use sales data to help with planning. MIS provide both internal data about company operations and external data from competitors and markets to help managers with planning, organizing, decision-making, and controlling activities. The success of an MIS depends on factors like adequate analysis, management involvement, an understanding of information technology capabilities, and teamwork.
Management Information Systems (MIS) use data from transaction processing systems to create useful information for management. There are three main types of information systems: transaction processing systems that handle day-to-day operations; information systems that analyze transaction data; and management information systems that use sales data to help with marketing and pricing decisions. MIS gather internal data on company operations and external data on competitors, economic trends, and legislation. Managers use MIS for planning, organizing, coordinating, decision-making, and controlling business activities. For MIS to be effective, they must be flexible, support different skills, help managers accomplish tasks, avoid information overload, and allow interruptions.
Similar to marketing information system-chapter two (20)
The document discusses several topics related to information systems management including:
- The goals of information resource management such as increasing productivity and aligning IS planning with corporate planning.
- Components of information systems planning including formulating strategy, identifying competitive advantages, and stages of IS use in organizations.
- Dependence of organizations on IS applications using the McFarlan framework of strategic, turnaround, factory, and support categories.
- The systems development life cycle including problem recognition, requirements determination, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.
- How information technology impacts organizational structure through automating, informating, embedding, and communicating.
The document discusses elements of information systems and technology. It describes the five main components of an information system as hardware, software, information, people, and procedures. It then provides details on each component, including types of hardware such as input/output devices, processors, and storage devices. It also discusses various types of software, including systems software and application software. Telecommunication systems transmit data electronically over communication channels using computers, equipment, and software. Local and wide area networks connect computers to share resources.
Marketing information systems (MkIS) are designed to provide relevant information to marketing managers to help them make effective decisions. MkIS integrate internal records, external market data sources, and analytical tools to supply timely information. Effective MkIS are computer-based, future-oriented, used by all levels of management, and collect marketing data on customers, competitors and the business environment to support strategic and operational decision-making. Regular, accurate and selective information from a unified MkIS allows firms to recognize trends, develop strategies, coordinate activities and tap new opportunities.
The document provides an overview of the history and nature of advertising. It begins by defining advertising as the non-personal communication of paid, usually persuasive information about products, services, or ideas through various media by identified sponsors. It then discusses the history of advertising from early forms like handbills to promote events to the modern era. The document outlines the stages of marketing orientation from production to sales to marketing and provides an example using the American auto industry. It also discusses types of advertising like promotional and institutional advertising. The rest of the document covers topics like setting advertising objectives, creating advertising messages and appeals, choosing media, and evaluating effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of strategic marketing and strategic management. It discusses the nature and scope of strategy, the historical evolution of strategic management, and the principal areas of strategic decisions. It also examines the differences between strategic planning and marketing planning, elements that shape competitive strategies, and the phases of strategic marketing which include strategic analysis, formulating strategy, and implementation. Finally, it discusses external environment analysis and different forms of scanning the external environment.
As 2023 proved, the next few years may be shaped by market volatility and artificial intelligence services such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and Perplexity.ai. Your brand will increasingly compete for attention with Google, Apple, OpenAI, and Amazon, and customers will expect a hyper-relevant and individualized experience from every business at any moment. New state-legislated data privacy laws and several FTC rules may challenge marketers to deliver contextually relevant customer experiences, much less reach unknown prospective buyers. Are you ready?Let's discuss the critical need for data governance and applied AI for your business rather than relying on public AI models. As AI permeates society and all industries, learn how to be future-ready, compliant, and confidentlyscaling growth.
Key Takeaways:
Primary Learning Objective
1: Grasp when artificial general intelligence (""AGI"") will arrive, and how your brand can navigate the consequences. Primary Learning Objective
2: Gain an accurate analysis of the continuously developing customer journey and business intelligence. Primary Learning Objective
3: Grow revenue at lower costs with more efficient marketing and business operations.
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
The Good the Bad and The Ugly of Marketing MeasurementNapierPR
We explore how B2B marketers can impress the board by measuring their PR and marketing campaigns successfully, and explore 5 metrics that will get you promoted, and 3 that will get your fired.
We cover:
-Meaningless marketing metrics
-The difference between attribution and incrementality
-The importance of the customer journey
-Why you should care about prospects that are in market
-Measuring the unmeasurable
From Subreddits To Search: Maximizing Your Brand's Impact On RedditSearch Engine Journal
The search landscape is undergoing a seismic shift, and Reddit is at the epicenter. Google's Helpful Content Update and its $60 million deal with Reddit, coupled with OpenAI's partnership, have catapulted Reddit's real-time content to unprecedented heights.
Check out this insightful webinar exploring the newfound importance of Reddit in the digital marketing landscape. Learn how these changes make Reddit an essential platform for getting your brand and content in front of evolving search audiences.
You’ll hear:
- The evolution of Reddit as a major influencer on SERPS over the years.
- The impact of recent changes and partnerships on Reddit’s place in search.
- A comprehensive look at Reddit, how it works, and how to approach it.
- Unique engagement opportunities presented by Reddit.
With Brent Csutoras, a Reddit expert with over 18 years of experience on the platform, we’ll delve into the intricacies of Reddit's communities, known as Subreddits, and how to leverage their power without compromising authenticity or violating community guidelines in the age of AI-driven search experiences.
Don't miss this opportunity to stay ahead of the curve and leverage Reddit for your brand's success.
The Strategic Impact of Storytelling in the Age of AI
In the grand tapestry of marketing, where algorithms analyze data and artificial intelligence predicts trends, one essential thread remains constant — the timeless art of storytelling. As we stand on the precipice of a new era driven by AI, join me in unraveling the narrative alchemy that transforms brands from mere entities into captivating tales that resonate across the digital landscape. In this exploration, we will discover how, in the face of advancing technology, the human touch of a well-crafted story becomes not just a marketing tool but the very essence that breathes life into brands and forges lasting connections with our audience.
Mastering Dynamic Web Designing A Comprehensive Guide.pdfIbrandizer
Dynamic Web Designing involves creating interactive and adaptable web pages that respond to user input and change dynamically, enhancing user experience with real-time data, animations, and personalized content tailored to individual preferences.
In the face of the news of Google beginning to remove cookies from Chrome (30m users at the time of writing), there’s no longer time for marketers to throw their hands up and say “I didn’t know” or “They won’t go through with it”. Reality check - it has already begun - the time to take action is now. The good news is that there are solutions available and ready for adoption… but for many the race to catch up to the modern internet risks being a messy, confusing scramble to get back to "normal"
Breaking Silos To Break Bank: Shattering The Divide Between Search And SocialNavah Hopkins
At Mozcon 2024 I shared this deck on bridging the divide between search and social. We began by acknowledging that search-first marketers are used to different rules of engagement than social marketers. We also looked at how both channels treat creative, audiences, bidding/budgeting, and AI. We finished by going through how they can win together including UTM audits, harvesting comments from both to inform creative, and allowing for non-login forums to be part of your marketing strategy.
I themed this deck using Baldur's Gate 3 characters: Gale as Search and Astarion as Social
Gokila digital marketing| consultant| Coimbatoredmgokila
Myself Gokila digital marketing consultant located in Coimbatore other various types of digital marketing services such as SEM
SEO SMO SMM CAMPAIGNS content writing web design for all your business needs with affordable cost
Digital Marketing Services | Techvolt Software :
Digital Marketing is a latest method of Marketing techniques widely used across the Globe. Digital Marketing is an online marketing technique and methods used for all products and services through Search Engine and Social media advertisements. Previously the marketing techniques were used without using the internet via direct and indirect marketing strategies such as advertising through Telemarketing,Newspapers,Televisions,Posters etc.
List of Services offered in Digital Marketing |Techvolt Software :
Techvolt Software offers best Digital Marketing services for promoting your products and services through online platform on the below methods of Digital marketing
1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
2. Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
3. Social Media Optimization (SMO)
4. Social Media Marketing (SMM)
5. Campaigns
Importance | Need of Digital Marketing (Online Promotions) :
1. Quick Promotions through Online
2. Generation of More leads and Business Enquiries via Search Engine and Social Media Platform
3. Latest Technology development vs Business promotions
4. Creation of Social Branding
5. Promotion with less investment
Benefits Digital Marketing Services at Techvolt software :
1. Services offered with Affordable cost
2. Free Content writing
3. Free Dynamic Website design*
4. Best combo offers on website Hosting,design along with digital marketing services
5. Assured Lead Generation through Search Engine and Social Media
6. Online Maintenance Support
Free Website + Digital Marketing Services
Techvolt Software offers Free website design for all customer and clients who is availing the digital marketing services for a minimum period of 6 months.
With Regards
Gokila digital marketer
Coimbatore
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era"" is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
Did you know that while 50% of content on the internet is in English, English only makes up 26% of the world’s spoken language? And yet 87% of customers won’t buy from an English only website.
Uncover the immense potential of communicating with customers in their own language and learn how translation holds the key to unlocking global growth. Join Smartling CEO, Bryan Murphy, as he reveals how translation software can streamline the translation process and seamlessly integrate into your martech stack for optimal efficiency. And that's not all – he’ll also share some inspiring success stories and practical tips that will turbocharge your multilingual marketing efforts!
Key takeaways:
1. The growth potential of reaching customers in their native language
2. Tips to streamline translation with software and integrations to your tech stack
3. Success stories from companies that have increased lead generation, doubled revenue, and more with translation
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Mindfulness Techniques Cultivating Calm in a Chaotic World.pptxelizabethella096
In today’s fast-paced world, stress and anxiety have become common companions for many. With constant connectivity and an unending stream of information, finding moments of peace can seem like an insurmountable challenge. However, mindfulness techniques offer a beacon of calm amidst the chaos, helping individuals to center themselves and find balance. These practices, rooted in ancient traditions and supported by modern science, are accessible to everyone and can profoundly impact mental and emotional well-being.
This session will aim to comprehensively review the current state of artificial intelligence techniques for emotional recognition and their potential applications in optimizing digital advertising strategies. Key studies developing AI models for multimodal emotion recognition from videos, images, and neurophysiological signals were analyzed to build content for this session. The session delves deeper into the current challenges, opportunities to help realize the full benefits of emotion AI for personalized digital marketing.
Unlock the secrets to creating a standout trade show booth with our comprehensive guide from Blue Atlas Marketing! This presentation is packed with essential tips and innovative strategies to ensure your booth attracts attention, engages visitors, and drives business success. Whether you're a seasoned exhibitor or a first-timer, these expert insights will help you maximize your impact and make a memorable impression in a crowded exhibition hall. Learn how to:
Design an eye-catching and inviting booth
Incorporate interactive elements that engage visitors
Use effective branding and visuals to reinforce your message
Plan your booth layout for maximum traffic flow
Implement technology to enhance the visitor experience
Create memorable experiences that leave a lasting impression
Transform your trade show presence with these proven tactics and ensure your booth stands out from the competition. Download the PDF now and start planning your next successful exhibit!
Lily Ray - Optimize the Forest, Not the Trees: Move Beyond SEO Checklist - Mo...Amsive
Lily Ray, Vice President of SEO Strategy & Research at Amsive, explores optimizing strategies for sustainable growth and explores the impact of AI on the SEO landscape.
janani Digital Marketer|Digital Marketing consultant|Marketing Promotion|Coim...janudm24
Myself Janani Digital marketing consultant located in coimbatore I offer all kinds of digital marketing services for your business requirements such as SEO SMO SMM SMO CAMPAIGNS content writing web design for all your business needs with affordable cost
Digital Marketing Services | Techvolt Software :
Digital Marketing is a latest method of Marketing techniques widely used across the Globe. Digital Marketing is an online marketing technique and methods used for all products and services through Search Engine and Social media advertisements. Previously the marketing techniques were used without using the internet via direct and indirect marketing strategies such as advertising through Telemarketing,Newspapers,Televisions,Posters etc.
List of Services offered in Digital Marketing |Techvolt Software :
Techvolt Software offers best Digital Marketing services for promoting your products and services through online platform on the below methods of Digital marketing
1. Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
2. Search Engine Marketing (SEM)
3. Social Media Optimization (SMO)
4. Social Media Marketing (SMM)
5. Campaigns
Importance | Need of Digital Marketing (Online Promotions) :
1. Quick Promotions through Online
2. Generation of More leads and Business Enquiries via Search Engine and Social Media Platform
3. Latest Technology development vs Business promotions
4. Creation of Social Branding
5. Promotion with less investment
Benefits Digital Marketing Services at Techvolt software :
1. Services offered with Affordable cost
2. Free Content writing
3. Free Dynamic Website design*
4. Best combo offers on website Hosting,design along with digital marketing services
5. Assured Lead Generation through Search Engine and Social Media
6. Online Maintenance Support
Free Website + Digital Marketing Services
Techvolt Software offers Free website design for all customer and clients who is availing the digital marketing services for a minimum period of 6 months.
With Regards
Janani Digital Marketer
Coimbatore,Tamilnadu.
In this dynamic session titled "Future-Proof Like Beyoncé: Syncing Email and Social Media for Iconic Brand Longevity," Carlos Gil, U.S. Brand Evangelist for GetResponse, unveils how to safeguard and elevate your digital marketing strategy. Explore how integrating email marketing with social media can not only increase your brand's reach but also secure its future in the ever-changing digital landscape. Carlos will share invaluable insights on developing a robust email list, leveraging data integration for targeted campaigns, and implementing AI tools to enhance cross-platform engagement. Attendees will learn how to maintain a consistent brand voice across all channels and adapt to platform changes proactively. This session is essential for marketers aiming to diversify their online presence and minimize dependence on any single platform. Join Carlos to discover how to turn social media followers into loyal email subscribers and ultimately, drive sustainable growth and revenue for your brand. By harnessing the best practices and innovative strategies discussed, you will be equipped to navigate the challenges of the digital age, ensuring your brand remains relevant and resonant with your audience, no matter the platform. Don’t miss this opportunity to transform your approach and achieve iconic brand longevity akin to Beyoncé's enduring influence in the entertainment industry.
Key Takeaways:
Integration of Email and Social Media: Understanding how to seamlessly integrate email marketing with social media efforts to expand reach and reinforce brand presence. Building a Robust Email List: Strategies for developing a strong email list that provides a direct line of communication to your audience, independent of social media algorithms. Data Integration for Targeted Campaigns: Leveraging combined data from email and social media to create personalized, targeted marketing campaigns that resonate with the audience. Utilization of AI Tools: Implementing AI and automation tools to enhance efficiency and effectiveness across marketing channels. Consistent Brand Voice Across Platforms: Maintaining a unified brand voice and message across all digital platforms to strengthen brand identity and user trust. Proactive Adaptation to Platform Changes: Staying ahead of social media platform changes and algorithm updates to keep engagement high and interactions meaningful. Conversion of Social Followers to Email Subscribers: Techniques to encourage social media followers to subscribe to email, ensuring a direct and consistent connection. Sustainable Growth and Minimized Platform Dependence: Strategies to diversify digital presence and reduce reliance on any single social media platform, thereby mitigating risks associated with platform volatility.
2. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• INFORMATION NEEDS AND SOURCES
– INFORMATION NEEDS
• Information needs are collected through
– User analysis: personal interviews, observations, survey,
etc
– Activity/task analysis, and record searches
• What does the user need from an information system?
– information content and functionality corresponding to
specifications;
– reliable and efficient (technical) operation;
– A system as easy to use as possible, i.e. user friendly
system;
3. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Information needs depend on
– The kind of activities performed and the type of decisions made
by the users
– The level of the organization at which the user/manager is
functioning
» Top management needs summarized reports and mostly
depends on external sources of information
» Lower level management mostly use factual and detailed
information which is obtained from internal sources
– The profession of the user
» The information needs of technical and professional
specialist depend upon the nature of their specialization.
» These users usually require raw, non-summarized data
because their specialties generally involve detail analysis.
4. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Sources of information
• Formal sources
– Primary sources via different data collection methods
– Secondary sources
» Statistical sources
» Databases available in different media
» Other documentary sources
» Web pages
» Discussion groups
» Online bulletin boards
• Informal sources
– Business contacts
– Invisible colleges
5. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Data, Information, and Knowledge processing
– Data processing
• Has an objective of getting the right information to the right
person at the right time
• Involves the selection and combination of facts in order to
convey a meaningful message.
• Should meet the following criteria
– Accuracy: The input data to the processing system must be
accurate. The individual steps in the processing of data must
also be accurate.
– Timeliness: The right information delivered too late can be as
useless as no information at all.
– Meaningful: The information produced by the data processing
must be meaningful to the people using the information.
6. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Data processing involves the following operations
– Verification
– Validation
– Sorting
– Merging
– Computing
– Comparing
– Updating
– Printing, etc…
7. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Data may be processed
– Manually
– Mechanically
– Electronically
• Which one of these is appropriate for an
organization?
– It depends on the size and function of the organization.
8. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Information processing
• includes all those activities which turn a set of
uncorrelated facts into a meaningful correlated
whole for use in the management processes of
planning, decision-making and control
• The relation of data to information is that of raw
materials to finished products.
9. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• The following may be used in information processing
– Word processing
» The creation of text-based documents
– Image processing
» Converting visual information (graphics, photos, and so
forth) into a format that can be managed within a computer
system or transmitted between people and locations
– Voice processing
» The processing of spoken information.
– Information Processing involves
» information acquisition,
» organization,
» integration,
» utilization, and
» evaluation from the different sources for gaining and using
information.
10. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Process of generation of information
– Data acquisition
» Capturing data initially. Device used depends on the form
in which data is available
– Data transformation
» Rearranging/sorting
» Classifying
» Calculating
» Summarizing
– Management of information
» If the information is to be communicated, the format for the
reporting must be selected. And also appropriate channels
of communication need to be selected and used.
» In case the information generated is to be used in future,
decide on what mass storage medium is appropriate.
11. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Knowledge processing
• It includes
– knowledge creation,
– knowledge sharing and
– knowledge application.
12. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Users of information
– Users of an organization's information can be:
• external;
– The organization's bankers take decisions affecting the
amount of money they are prepared to lend.
– The public might have an interest in information relating to
an organization's products or services.
– The media (press, television etc) use information generated
by organizations in news stories etc., and such information
can adversely or favorably affect an organization's
relationship to the environment.
– The government (e.g. Department of Trade and Industry)
regularly requires organizational information.
– The Inland Revenue Authorities require information for
taxation.
– An organization's suppliers or customers take decisions
whether or not to trade with the organization.
13. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Internal
– The board of the company; or public sector
equivalent.
– Directors with functional responsibilities.
– Divisional general managers, reporting to these
directors.
– Division heads.
– Department heads.
– Section leaders or foremen.
– Discretionary employees (those who are expected to
act on their own initiative to some extent).
– Non-discretionary employees (those who work under
instruction all the time with little scope for initiative).
14. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Internal users of information by function are
– marketing;
– finance;
– administration;
– production;
– technical;
– personnel;
– Research, etc.
15. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Types of Information in terms of management
hierarchy
– A more functional classification of information is
based on the types of decisions for which it is used.
– Information, as required at different levels of
management can be classified as:-
– operational,
– tactical and
– strategic.
16. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Operational Information
– relates to the day-to-day operations of the
organization
– is needed by the lower level management.
– Examples: cash positions and daily sales.
– Is derived almost entirely from internal sources;
– Is highly detailed, being the processing of raw data;
– Relates to the immediate term;
– Is task specific;
– Is prepared constantly, or very frequently;
– Is largely quantitative.
17. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Tactical information
– helps middle level managers allocating resources and establishing
control to implement the top-level plans of the organization.
– For example:
• information regarding the alternative sources of funds and their uses in
the short run,
• opportunities for deployment of surplus funds in short term securities, etc.,
may be required at the middle levels of management.
– Is derived from a more restricted range of external sources, so is thus
primarily generated internally;
– Summarized at a lower level - a report might be included with
summaries and raw data as backup;
– Is relevant to the short and medium terms;
– Describes or analyses activities or departments;
– Is prepared routinely and regularly;
– Is based on quantitative measures.
18. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Strategic information
– While the operational information is needed to find out how the given
activity can be performed better, strategic information
• is needed for making choices among the business options.
• helps in identifying and evaluating these options so that a manager makes
informed choices which are different from the competitors and the
limitations of what the rivals are doing or planning to do.
• is used by managers to define goals and priorities, initiate new programs
and develop policies for acquisition and use of corporate resources.
– In addition to this, strategic information
• Is derived from both internal and external sources;
• Is summarized at a high level;
• Is relevant to the long term;
• Deals with the whole organization (although it might go in some detail);
• Often prepared on an 'ad hoc' basis;
• Is both quantitative and qualitative;
• Is Incapable of providing complete certainty, given that the future cannot
be predicted.
19. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• The Attributes of Information
– Accuracy:
• Information is true or false, accurate or inaccurate.
– Form:
• The actual structure of information. qualitative or quantitative, summary form or detailed
form, printed or displayed on screen
– Frequency:
• how often it is needed, collected, produced.
– Breadth:
• the scope of events, places, people, and things that are represented by information. A
broad scope of sales information, for example, may include all the sales territories of a
company doing business in the country. A narrow scope may include just one territory for
the company or part of one territory.
– Origin:
• the source from which it is received, gathered, or produced.
– Time horizon:
• Information is oriented toward the past (historical information), toward present situations,
or toward future activities and events.
– These attributes of information pertain to individual pieces of information.
However, it is common to use several pieces of information together. Certain
attributes are associated with sets of information; these characterize the set for the
situation in which it will be used. They are relevance, completeness, and timeliness.
20. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Relevance:
• Information is relevant if an individual needs it in a
particular decision-making or problem-solving situation.
– Completeness:
• If a given set of information tells the user everything that
needs to be known about a particular situation, we say
that it is complete.
– Timelines:
• Any manager has two important concerns:
– (1) Is the information available when I need it? and
– (2) Is it outdated when I receive it or when I want to use it?
21. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Further characteristics of information systems used at
operational, tactical, and strategic levels of management
– Operational systems
• Repetitiveness: The information they produce is usually generated
repetitively at periodic intervals, such as daily, weekly, or monthly.
• Predictability: The information they produce usually does not
contain any surprises or unexpected results for the manager or
other users of the system.
• Emphasis on the past: The information produced usually
describes past activities of the organization.
22. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Detailed Nature: The information produced is very detailed.
• Internal Origin: the data for operational systems usually
spring entirely from internal sources.
• Structured Form: The form of the data used as input and
the form of the information produced by operational-level
systems is usually very structured.
• Great Accuracy: the accuracy of the data used as input to
such systems is usually very high.
23. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Tactical systems
• Periodic Nature: the information from a tactical system is
sometimes produced periodically.
• Unexpected Findings: the information produced by a tactical
information system may not be the information that was expected to
be produced.
• Comparative Nature: the information produced is usually
comparative in nature rather than merely descriptive. Tactical
information systems should provide managers with information that
alerts them to variances from accepted standards or results that are
not within the normal range, so that remedial actions can be taken
swiftly.
• Summary Form: the information produced is usually not detailed
but in summary form.
• Both Internal and External Sources: The data used for input to
the system may not be confined to sources internal to the
organization.
24. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Strategic information systems
• Ad Hoc Basis: strategic planning information is more often
produced when it is needed, on an ad hoc basis.
• Unexpected Information: The information produced by the
system may not be the information that was anticipated.
• Predictive Nature: The Information produced is usually
predictive of future events rather than descriptive of past
events.
25. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Summary Form: The information produced is usually not
detailed but in summary form. Long-range planners are not
usually interested in detailed information. They are usually
concerned with more global data.
• External Data: A large part of the data used for input to the
system may be acquired from sources external to the
organization.
• Unstructured Format: The data used for input to the system
may contain data that are unstructured in format.
• Subjectivity: The data used for input may be highly
subjective and their accuracy may be suspected.
26. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
Characteristic Operational Tactical Strategic planning
Frequency Regular, repetitive Mostly regular Often ad hoc
Dependability of results Expected results Some surprises may
occur
Results often contain
surprises
Time period covered The past Comparative Predictive of the future
Level of detail Very detailed Summaries of data Summaries of data
Source of data Internal Internal and external Mostly external
Nature of data Highly structured Some unstructured
data
Highly unstructured
Accuracy Highly accurate data Some subjective data Highly subjective data
Typical user First-line supervisors Middle managers Top management
Level of decision Task-oriented Control and resource
allocation oriented
Goal oriented
Comparison between the three levels of information systems
27. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• System concepts
– A system can be described as a set of elements joined together
for a common objective. A system is defined as a number of
components, entities that form a whole. These entities interact in
such a way as to achieve a common goal.
– Systems boundary: A boundary delineates an area of
responsibility. It sets the scope of activities to be supported by
the system. It separates the system from its environment.
– Systems and subsystems: A subsystem is a component of a
system which performs its own specialized task that is related to
the overall objective of the total system.
– Outputs and Inputs: The inner workings of a system or
subsystem are organized to produce outputs from inputs.
28. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– An interface is a connection at system or subsystems boundaries.
– Systems and Their Environment: The system's environment consists of its
goals, needs and activities.
– Open and closed Systems: Open systems operate in an external environment
and exchange information and material with that environment. The external
environment consists of the activities external to the system boundary with which
the system can interact.
• An open system needs to receive feedback to change and continue to exist in its
environment.
• A closed system is relatively self-contained; exchange with its environment does not
occur.
– Closed systems do not get the feedback they need from the external environment and tend to
deteriorate.
– Systems Feedback: Feedback is required to show whether the system is
performing as expected. It tells whether the objective set for the system are met
or not. That is, feedback is form of control, because it requires continuing
adjustments in the activities of the system. The good thing about feedback it that
it usually increases effort.
29. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– System Entropy and Negative Entropy: Entropy is a measure
of disorder that exists in systems. Systems can become run
down if they are not maintained. The process of maintaining a
system is negative entropy.
– Abstract and physical systems. An abstract system is
conceptual, a product of the human mind.
• Social, theological, cultural systems are abstract systems.
– A physical system is a set of elements--- rather than ideas or
constructs--- that operate in relation to one another to
accomplish a common goal or purpose.
• Examples of physical systems include:
– Computer systems: Collection of hardware elements that work interdependently
under some means to control, to process data, and produce output reports.
30. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Communication system: Collections of components that can represent and transmit
bits of information from one point to another.
• Marketing systems: Collection of people, equipment, and procedures that develop,
produce, and distribute commodities, ideas and other entities to consumers or users.
– A system must have an objective or goal.
31. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Information systems
– An information system is an information processing
system that:
• Receives information and requests for information from its
environment and
• provides information and answers to requests to its
environment.
– The environment can include the user, developer, other
systems, etc.
• can store information in time;
• can derive a new information from a given information;
32. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Put in a more general form, an information system:
– Takes in data from the environment using one of the sensing and
communication technologies (INPUT);
– Analyzes this information using computer hardware and software
(PROCESS);
– Displays the product as useful information (OUTPUT);
– Either you or the computer uses this information to act on the
environment (FEEDBACK).
33. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• The steps put in sequence
diagrammatically:
Feedback
Data Process Information
34. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Elements of an information system
– Computer Hardware
• Microcomputers
• Desktops
• Portables
• Workstations
• Minicomputers
• Mainframes
• Supercomputers
35. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Software
• System software
• Applications software
– Procedures
• Formal operating procedures are physical components
because they exist in a physical form such as a manual or
instruction booklet. Three major types of procedures are
required:
– User instructions (for users of the application to record data,
employ a terminal to enter or retrieve data, or use the result)
– Instructions for preparation of input by data preparation
personnel
– Operating instructions for computer operations personnel
36. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Human Resources
• computer operators,
• systems analysts,
• programmers,
• data preparation personnel,
• information systems management,
• data administrators, etc.
37. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
• Classification of information systems
– Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
• Transaction processing systems’ focus is data.
• Transaction processing systems (TPS) form the basis of
many of the information processing applications in
organizations of today.
• The processing of transactions can be accomplished in a
– batch mode, wherein all similar items are grouped or bundled
and processed together daily or weekly,
– or on-line, wherein each transaction is processed as it is
generated.
– The essential activities of transaction processing system
includes data capture and validation, transaction-dependent
processing steps, and database maintenance.
38. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Office Automation Systems (OAS)
• Office automation systems are information
technology applications designed to
– increase data workers’ productivity by supporting the
coordinating and communicating activities of the typical
office.
39. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Management Reporting Systems
• The focus of these systems is information.
• They are designed to supply information for routine
responsibility reporting from databases.
• The principal identifying attribute of management reporting
systems (MRS) are:
– they are built for situations where information requirements are
reasonably well known,
– they are oriented toward reporting on the past and present,
and,
– they generally report on internal operations.
• These characteristics clearly deal with operational and
tactical types of activities.
40. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Decision Support System (DSS)
• Decision support systems provide managers with
opportunities to evaluate alternatives related to a given
problem or task.
• The principal identifying attributes of decision support
systems (DSS) are:
– directly support the decision-making process permitting
projection.
– clearly relate to managers, their information needs, and
activities.
• Group decision support systems (GDSS) use computer
mediated-communication tools, such as networks,
anonymous input and voting, and whiteboards, to support
groups as they make decisions.
41. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Executive information systems
• The focus of these systems is accessibility. That is,
senior executives need access to internal and
external information.
• Principal identifying attributes of executive
information system (EIS) are:
– they provide immediate access to information reflecting:
» Key success factors and access to internal and
external information
– easily tailored to user’s preferences.
– critical for senior executive’s types of activities and
decisions.
42. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Expert Systems
• Are computer programs designed to operate within a narrow
problem domain and to capture and present to the user
expert knowledge.
• These systems can be developed to assist decision- makers
in such diverse areas as classification, diagnosis, and
monitoring, among others.
• Consist of
– a knowledge base,
– a friendly user interface,
– an inference engine to control the system operation as well as
the application of the system’s knowledge,
– and an explanation subsystem to permit the system to explain
to the user how it arrived at conclusions.
43. BASIC CONCEPTS IN MkIS …
– Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
• Serve information needs at the knowledge and
other levels of the organization.
• Knowledge work systems, such as scientific or
engineering design applications,
– promote the creation of new knowledge and
– ensure that new knowledge and technical expertise are
properly integrated into the business.
44. Decision Support Systems
Decision support systems (DSS)
Offer potential to assist in solving both semi-
structured and unstructured problems
45. Decision Making as a Component
of Problem Solving
Intelligence
Design
Choice
Implementation
Monitoring
Problem
solving
Decision
making
46. Solution Types
Optimization model
Finding the best solution
Satisficing model
Finding a good -- but not necessarily the best
-- solution to a problem
Heuristics
Commonly accepted guidelines or procedures
that usually find a good solution
47. Problem Solving Factors
• Multiple decision objectives
• Increased alternatives
• Increased competition
• The need for creativity
• Social and political actions
• International aspects
• Technology
• Time compression
48. Characteristics of a DSS (1)
• Handles large amounts of data from
different sources
• Provides report and presentation flexibility
• Offers both textual and graphical
orientation
49. Characteristics of a DSS (2)
• Supports drill down analysis
• Performs complex, sophisticated analysis
and comparisons using advanced software
packages
• Supports optimization, satisficing, and
heuristic approaches
50. Characteristics of a DSS (3)
• Performs different types of analyses
“What-if” analysis
• Makes hypothetical changes to problem and
observes impact on the results
Simulation
• Duplicates features of a real system
Goal-seeking analysis
• Determines problem data required for a given result
51. Capabilities of a DSS (1)
• Supports
Problem solving phases
Different decision frequencies
Frequency
low high
Merge with
another
company?
How many
widgets
should I order?
52. Capabilities of a DSS (2)
• Highly structured problems
Straightforward problems, requiring known
facts and relationships.
• Semi-structured or unstructured problems
Complex problems wherein relationships
among data are not always clear, the data may
be in a variety of formats, and are often
difficult to manipulate or obtain
53. Decision Making Levels
Operational-level
managers involved with
daily decisions
Strategic-level managers
involved with long-term
decisions
LowHigh
Decision Frequency
Strategic
Tactical
Operational
54. Integration of TPS,
MIS, and DSS
• In many organizations they are integrated
through a common database
• Separation of DSS transactions in the
database from TPS and MIS transactions
may be important for performance reasons
55. Web-Based
Decision Support Systems
• Web-based decision support systems
Decision support system software provides
business intelligence through web browser
clients that access databases either through the
Internet or a corporate intranet
56. Components of a DSS
• Model management software (MMS)
• Coordinates the use of models in the DSS
• Model base
• Provides decision makers with access to a
variety of models
• Dialogue manager
• Allows decision makers to easily access
and manipulate the DSS
57. Database Model base
External database
access
Access to the
internet, networks,
and other computer
systems
Dialogue manager
DBMS MMS
External
databases
58. Model Base
• Model Base
Provides decision makers with
access to a variety of models and
assists them in decision making
• Models
Financial models
Statistical analysis models
Graphical models
Project management models
59. Advantages and
Disadvantages of
ModelingAdvantages
• Less expensive than custom approaches or real systems.
• Faster to construct than real systems
• Less risky than real systems
• Provides learning experience (trial and error)
• Future projections are possible
• Can test assumptions
Disadvantages
• Assumptions about reality may be incorrect
• Accuracy of predications often unreliable
• Requires abstract thinking
60. Group Decision Support
System
• Group Decision Support System (GDSS)
Contains most of the elements of DSS plus
software to provide effective support in group
decision-making settings
61. Databases
Model base GDSS processor GDSS software
Dialogue
manager
External database
access
Users
Access to the internet
and corporate intranet,
networks, and other
computer system
External
databases
62. Characteristics of a GDSS
(1)
• Special design
• Ease of use
• Flexibility
• Decision-making support
Delphi approach (decision makers are geographically
dispersed)
Brainstorming
Group consensus
Nominal group technique
63. Characteristics of a GDSS
(2)
• Anonymous input
• Reduction of negative group behaviour
• Parallel communication
• Automated record keeping
• Cost, control, complexity factors
64. Components ofa GDSS and
GDSS Software
• Database
• Model base
• Dialogue manager
• Communication capability
• Special software (also called GroupWare)
people located around the world work on the same
project, documents, and files, efficiently and at the
same time
65. GDSS Alternatives
Local area
decision network
Wide area
decision network
Decision room
Teleconferencing
high
low
close distant
Location of group members
Decisionfrequency
66. • Knowledge Management systems are the set of processes developed in an
organization to create, gather, store, maintain, and disseminate the firm's
knowledge.
• The major information systems that support knowledge management are
office systems, knowledge work systems, group collaboration systems,
and artificial intelligence systems
• Knowledge work systems help create and integrate new knowledge within
the organization. Knowledge management systems codify knowledge and
experience, make the collected knowledge and experience available when
and where it is needed, and provide links to external sources of
knowledge.
67.
68. • Knowledge workers perform three key roles that are critical to the
organization and to the managers who work within the organization:
• Keeping the organization current in knowledge
• Serving as internal consultants regarding the areas of their knowledge
• Acting as change agents
• Knowledge workers rely on traditional office systems but often require
highly specialized knowledge work systems with powerful graphics,
analytical tools, and communications and document management
capabilities.
• These systems require great computing power, access to external
databases, easy-to-use interfaces, and optimization for the specific tasks to
be performed.