India has a rich musical tradition with diverse styles that reflect its cultural history. Vocal music includes Carnatic and Hindustani styles as well as folk music, using melismatic singing. Traditional singing styles like Samagana date back to Vedic times and were used to sing sacred texts like the Sama Veda and Rig Veda. Carnatic music from South India features voice-led compositions called krti while Hindustani music from North India is influenced by Persian styles featuring nasal singing and the khyal form. A wide variety of instruments are classified into groups based on their method of sound production.

2. INDIA

3. FLAG

4. Capital:
New Delhi
Largest City:
Mumbai
Official Language:
Hindi

5. Demonym:
Indian
Currency:
Indian Rupee (INR)
Religion:
Hinduism (79.8%)

6.  India is the largest country
in South Asia.
 The music of India reflects
different aspects of Asian
culture through its timbre,
rhythm, melody, texture,
form, and style.

8. Vocal Music of India
 includes Carnatic and Hindustani music,
and several types of folk and popular music
 uses melismatic singing with nasal vocal
quality

9. Samagana
 singing based on a set of pitches popular
during the Vedic times

10. Sama Veda
 a sacred text, were sung as Samagana and
not chanted
 is the third of the four Vedas of Hinduism
but ranks next to Rig Veda (Rigveda) in
terms of its sanctity and liturgical
importance

11. Rig Veda
 is also sung in the Samagana traditional
singing style
 is counted as first among the four canonical
sacred texts of Hinduism known as Vedas

12. Rig Veda
 is an ancient Indian sacred collection of
Vedic Sanskrit hymns

13. Characteristics of Traditional Indian Music
Carnatic Music
 refers to music from South India
 directed to a Hindu god, which is why it is called
“temple music”
 Music pieces are mainly set for the voice and
with lyrics.
 Compositions called krti are devotional songs.

14. Characteristics of Traditional Indian Music
Carnatic Music
 is unified where schools are based on the:
 same ragas
 same solo instruments (veena, flute,
violin)
 same rhythm instruments (mridangam
and ghatam)

15. Characteristics of Traditional Indian Music
Hindustani Music
 goes back to Vedic period times around 1000 BC
 further developed in the 13th and 14th centuries
AD with Persian influences and from existing
religious and folk music
 predominantly found in the northern and
central regions

16. Characteristics of Traditional Indian Music
Hindustani Music
 influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions,
historical Vedic religion / Vedic philosophy,
native Indian sounds and enriched by the
Persian performance practices of the Mughal
area
 nasal singing is observed in their vocal music

17. Characteristics of Traditional Indian Music
Hindustani Music
 In North India, the most common style of
singing is called khyal, a word which means
“imagination”

19. Instrumental Music of India
 Hindustani Sangeet – instruments used in
North Indian music
 Carnatic Sangeet – instruments used in
South Indian music

20. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
1. Ghan
 described as a non-membranous percussive
instrument but with solid resonators
 is one of the oldest classes of instrument in
India
 may also be a melodic instrument or
instruments to keep tal

21. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
1. Ghan
Ghatam
Kartal Manjira
Nout

22. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
2. Avanaddh
 described as a membranous percussive
instrument
 typically comprise the drums

23. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
2. Avanaddh
Daf
(Duf, Daphu)
Tabla Dhol

24. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
3. Sushir
 also known as blown air
 is characterized by the use of air to excite the
various resonators

25. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
3. Sushir
Bansuri Shehnai
Shankh Surpeti

26. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
4. Tat
 referred to as vina during the old civilization
 Instruments in this class are plucked (stringed
instruments)

27. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
4. Tat
Sitar
Gottuvadyam
Ektar
GopichandRabab

28. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
5. Vitat
 described as bowed stringed instruments
 is of the oldest classifications of instruments
and yet did not occupy a place in classical
Indian music until the last few centuries

29. Classification of Indian Musical Instruments
5. Vitat
Banam
Esraj
Chikara
Sarangi