The Mann Witney U Test in statistics is related to a testing without considering any assumption as to the parameters of frequently distributed of a valueless hypothesis. It is similar to the value selected randomly from one sample, can be higher than or lesser than a value selected randomly from a second sample. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Mann Whitney U Test:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/statistics/mann-whitney-u-test.aspx
This presentation contains information about Mann Whitney U test, what is it, when to use it and how to use it. I have also put an example so that it may help you to easily understand it.
This presentation contains information about Mann Whitney U test, what is it, when to use it and how to use it. I have also put an example so that it may help you to easily understand it.
Through this ppt you could learn what is Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test. This will teach you the condition and criteria where it can be run and the way to use the test.
Assumptions of parametric and non-parametric tests
Testing the assumption of normality
Commonly used non-parametric tests
Applying tests in SPSS
Advantages of non-parametric tests
Limitations
when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it but when you cannot measure, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of meagre and unsatisfactory kind.”
Today’s overwhelming number of techniques applicable to data analysis makes it extremely difficult to define the most beneficial approach while considering all the significant variables.
The analysis of variance has been studied from several approaches, the most common of which uses a linear model that relates the response to the treatments and blocks. Note that the model is linear in parameters but may be nonlinear across factor levels. Interpretation is easy when data is balanced across factors but much deeper understanding is needed for unbalanced data.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means. ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, where the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means. In other words, the ANOVA is used to test the difference between two or more means.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an analysis tool used in statistics that splits an observed aggregate variability found inside a data set into two parts: systematic factors and random factors. The systematic factors have a statistical influence on the given data set, while the random factors do not. Analysts use the ANOVA test to determine the influence that independent variables have on the dependent variable in a regression study.
Sir Ronald Fisher pioneered the development of ANOVA for analyzing results of agricultural experiments.1 Today, ANOVA is included in almost every statistical package, which makes it accessible to investigators in all experimental sciences. It is easy to input a data set and run a simple ANOVA, but it is challenging to choose the appropriate ANOVA for different experimental designs, to examine whether data adhere to the modeling assumptions, and to interpret the results correctly. The purpose of this report, together with the next 2 articles in the Statistical Primer for Cardiovascular Research series, is to enhance understanding of ANVOA and to promote its successful use in experimental cardiovascular research. My colleagues and I attempt to accomplish those goals through examples and explanation, while keeping within reason the burden of notation, technical jargon, and mathematical equations.
Researchers use several tools and procedures for analyzing quantitative data obtained from different types of experimental designs. Different designs call for different methods of analysis. This presentation focuses on:
T-test
Analysis of variance (F-test), and
Chi-square test
Through this ppt you could learn what is Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test. This will teach you the condition and criteria where it can be run and the way to use the test.
Assumptions of parametric and non-parametric tests
Testing the assumption of normality
Commonly used non-parametric tests
Applying tests in SPSS
Advantages of non-parametric tests
Limitations
when you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it but when you cannot measure, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of meagre and unsatisfactory kind.”
Today’s overwhelming number of techniques applicable to data analysis makes it extremely difficult to define the most beneficial approach while considering all the significant variables.
The analysis of variance has been studied from several approaches, the most common of which uses a linear model that relates the response to the treatments and blocks. Note that the model is linear in parameters but may be nonlinear across factor levels. Interpretation is easy when data is balanced across factors but much deeper understanding is needed for unbalanced data.
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means. ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, where the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether two or more population means are equal, and therefore generalizes the t-test beyond two means. In other words, the ANOVA is used to test the difference between two or more means.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an analysis tool used in statistics that splits an observed aggregate variability found inside a data set into two parts: systematic factors and random factors. The systematic factors have a statistical influence on the given data set, while the random factors do not. Analysts use the ANOVA test to determine the influence that independent variables have on the dependent variable in a regression study.
Sir Ronald Fisher pioneered the development of ANOVA for analyzing results of agricultural experiments.1 Today, ANOVA is included in almost every statistical package, which makes it accessible to investigators in all experimental sciences. It is easy to input a data set and run a simple ANOVA, but it is challenging to choose the appropriate ANOVA for different experimental designs, to examine whether data adhere to the modeling assumptions, and to interpret the results correctly. The purpose of this report, together with the next 2 articles in the Statistical Primer for Cardiovascular Research series, is to enhance understanding of ANVOA and to promote its successful use in experimental cardiovascular research. My colleagues and I attempt to accomplish those goals through examples and explanation, while keeping within reason the burden of notation, technical jargon, and mathematical equations.
Researchers use several tools and procedures for analyzing quantitative data obtained from different types of experimental designs. Different designs call for different methods of analysis. This presentation focuses on:
T-test
Analysis of variance (F-test), and
Chi-square test
Non-parametric Statistical tests for Hypotheses testingSundar B N
A complete guidelines for Non-parametric Statistical tests for Hypotheses testing with relevant examples which covers Meaning of non-parametric test, Types of non-parametric test, Sign test, Rank sum test, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, Mc Nemer test, Spearman’s rank correlation, statistics,
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
A Transportation Problem is
one of the
most
typical
problems being encountered in many situations
and
it
has
many
practical applic
ations. Many researches had been conducted
and
many methods
had been proposed to solve it. One of the most
difficult challenge in solving the problem deals with inputting a
very large volume of data. With the development of intelligent
technologies, compu
ters had already been used to solved this
problem. This paper presents a method using Genetic Algorithm
(GA) t
o provide a new tool that can quickly calculate the solution
to the Balanced Transportation Problem.
The test results are compared with selected o
ld methods to
confirm the effectiveness of the use of GA. A
mathematical model
was used to represent the GA and be applied to solve it. Finally,
the test results of the model were presented so show the
effectiveness.
This slides introduce the descriptive statistics and its differences with inferential statistics. It also discusses about organizing data and graphing data.
1. A law firm wants to determine the trend in its annual billings .docxmonicafrancis71118
1. A law firm wants to determine the trend in its annual billings so that it can better forecast revenues. It plots the data on its billings for the past 10 years and finds that the scatter plot appears to be linear. What formula should they use to determine the trend line?
σ = ∑√(x - μ)2 ÷ N
F = s12 ÷ s22
t = (x̄ - μx-bar) ÷ s/√n
Tt = b0 + b1t
3 points
QUESTION 2
1. A set of subjects, usually randomly sampled, selected to participate in a research study is called:
Population
Sample
Mode group
Partial selection
3 points
QUESTION 3
1. If a researcher accepts a null hypothesis when that hypothesis is actually true, she has committed:
a type I error
a type II error
no error
a causation
3 points
QUESTION 4
1. A binomial probability distribution is a discrete distribution (i.e., the x-variable is discrete).
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 5
1. The tdistribution is wider and flatter (i.e., has more variation) than the normal distribution.
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 6
1. A physician wants to estimate the average amount of time that patients spend in his waiting room. He asks his receptionist to record the waiting times for 28 of his patients and finds that the sample mean (x̄) is 37 minutes and the sample standard deviation (s) is 12 minutes. What formula would you use to construct the 95% confidence interval for the population mean of waiting times?
t = (x̄ - μx-bar) ÷ s/√n
µ = ∑ x ÷ N
x̄ - t(s ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + t(s ÷ √n)
z = (x - µ) ÷ σ
3 points
QUESTION 7
1. When the alternative hypothesis states that the difference between two groups can only be in one direction, we call this a:
One-tailed test
Bi-directional test
Two-tailed test
Non-parametric test
3 points
QUESTION 8
1. For any probability distribution, the probability of any x-value occurring within any given range is equal to the area under the distribution and above that range.
True
False
3 points
QUESTION 9
1. The formula for ____________ is (Row total X Column total)/T
Observed frequencies
Degrees of freedom
Expected frequencies
Sampling error
3 points
QUESTION 10
1. State Senator Hanna Rowe has ordered an investigation of the large number of boating accidents that have occurred in the state in recent summers. Acting on her instructions, her aide, Geoff Spencer, has randomly selected 9 summer months within the last few years and has compiled data on the number of boating accidents that occurred during each of these months. The mean number of boating accidents to occur in these 9 months was 31 (x̄), and the standard deviation (s) in this sample was 9 boating accidents per month. Geoff was told to construct a 90% confidence interval for the true mean number of boating accidents per month. What formula should Geoff use?
x̄ - t(s ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + t(s ÷ √n)
F = s12 ÷ s22
z = (x - µ) ÷ σ
x̄ - z(σ ÷ √n) < µ < x̄ + z(σ ÷ √n)
.
Resultant of Coplanar Parallel Forces | Mechanical EngineeringTransweb Global Inc
If two or more than two forces are acting on a single plane then the forces are known as System of Coplanar Forces and if they are acting on different planes then the forces are called as Non-Coplanar Forces. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Resultant of Coplanar Parallel Forces:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/resultant-of-coplanar-parallel-forces.aspx
The force of attraction exerted by the earth on a solid body is known as Gravitational Force. It acts in a vertically downward direction and is known as weight of the body. Thus, the weight of the body is assumed to act at a point which is known as Centre of Gravity of a body. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on The Centroidal Axis:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/bending-stress/moment-of-inertia-about-the-centroidal-axis1.aspx
A force is a physical quantity that tends to change the behavior of a solid body when applied upon. This change in behavior may be change in shape of the body or motion of the body in the direction of its action. The force is a vector quantity since it has magnitude and direction. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on System Of Coplanar Forces:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/system-of-coplanar-forces.aspx
Resultant of Two Unlike and Unequal Parallel Forces | Mechanical EngineeringTransweb Global Inc
A force is an external agent which changes or tends to change the behavior of any solid body. It is a vector quantity since it is designated with magnitude and direction. The forces may be of tensile or compressive in nature. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Resultant of Two Unlike and Unequal Parallel Forces:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/resultant-of-two-unlike-and-unequal-parallel-forces.aspx
Beam is a structural member whose lateral dimensions are much smaller than the longitudinal dimension and used to carry loads perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The beams are generally used in buildings, bridges, trusses, etc., Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on SFD Load Diagram Examples:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/bending-moment-and-shear-force/sfd-load-diagram-examples.aspx
A force is an external agent acting on another body. This force may moves or tends to move the body in the direction of its action. The force is a vector quantity since it is represented by its magnitude and direction. The force may be of pulling or pushing type. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Principle Of Transmissibility:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/principle-of-transmissibility.aspx
If a body is subjected to many forces on its plane at a single point then they are called as Coplanar Concurrent Forces. The effect of the forces acting on the body is unknown. It is necessary to determine the resultant force of the coplanar forces to know this effect. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Law Of Polygon:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/law-of-polygon.aspx
Similarities between Leadership and Management | ManagementTransweb Global Inc
In many aspects, leadership and management are almost known as Synonymous but both the words mean different. Similarities between Leadership and ManagementLeadership is an important and essential part of management. Without leadership, the meaning of management won’t be completed. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Similarities between Leadership and Management:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/industrial-management/leadership/similarities-between-leadership-and-management.aspx
The Rank Positional Weight Method can be used to develop and balance an assembly line. In this method, work elements are divided among workstations depending on the duration of work elements and their precedence position. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Ranked Positional Weight Method:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/industrial-management/line-balancing/ranked-positional-weight-method.aspx
Business Intelligence And Business Analytics | ManagementTransweb Global Inc
Business Intelligence is the initial basic step of Business Analytics. It refers to gathering raw and complex data, and converting it into systematic and logical information in a format that is usable by the end user. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Business Intelligence And Business Analytics:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/management/managing-information-technology/business-intelligence-analytics/
The ABC (Activity Based Costing) System is a system whereby the categorization of the cost is done one the basis of the various cost drivers. A cost driver is an activity that generates the cost. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on ABC Cost Hierarchy:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/cost-management/activity-based-costing/abc-cost-hierarchy/
In today’s competitive world the term Speed to Market plays an important role for everyone. So, Speed to Market means the pace of introducing any change, innovation, creativity, any market practice for the purpose of increasing the Promotion of the product as quickly as possible in the market. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Speed To Market:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/industrial-management/product-development/speed-to-market.aspx
Hubris prevalent in an organizational context is referred as ‘managerial hubris’, which means the cognitive bias in the decision making process by one of the senior officials in an organization. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Managerial Hubris:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/finance/theories-of-merger-and-acquisition/managerial-hubris/
Conductance is an ability of a material to allow the passage of current or fluid or temperature through different materials. It is opposite of resistance through a path, higher the conductivity of material lower is its resistance. It is most commonly used with electrical circuits, though it is also used in fluid and thermals. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Conductance:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/electrical-engineering/conductance.aspx
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Electronics | Electrical EngineeringTransweb Global Inc
Digital Electronics circuits are those which operate with digital signals. These are discrete signals which are sampled from analog signal. Digital circuits use binary notation for transmission of signal. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Electronics:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/electrical-engineering/digital-electronics/advantages-disadvantages/
Stabilization Of Operating Point | Electrical EngineeringTransweb Global Inc
Biasing of BJT amplifiers plays an important role in operation of these amplifiers. Broadly biasing means application of DC voltage for amplification of AC signal. For individual devices biasing circuit mainly includes resistance. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Stabilization Of Operating Point:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/electrical-engineering/transistors/stabilization-of-operating-point.aspx
Curves are of different types and for different purposes. Some of the curves are utility curve, margin curves, demand and supply curve, offer curves, etc. International trade is based on international specialization. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Offer Curves:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/international-economics/analytical-tools/offer-curves.aspx
Currency is any form of money in general circulation in a country. Foreign exchange is money denominated in the currency of another country or a group of countries. Simply, an exchange rate is defined as the rate at which the market converts one currency into another. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Fixed Exchange Rate:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/international-economics/economic-policy-in-open-economy/fixed-exchange-rate/
Computer Architecture is the set of pre-defined rules and methods that describes the functionality of computer system. In other words, a computer consists of both hardware and software and using some rules and methods for the interaction of both hardware and software of a computer is known as computer architecture. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Computer Architecture:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/computer-architecture/
One of the great advantages of high-level programming languages such as c, c++, and java is that they are machine independent. Programs written in the high-level languages can run on any machine. This is possible because of the compiler. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Compilers computer program:-
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/compilers-computer-program.aspx
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. What is the Mann Whitney U-
test?
It is a nonparametric test .It is used to analyse the difference
between the medians of different data sets. The critical
values tables is used to assess the degree of difference
The Mann Whitney U-test can be used if the answer to the
below questions is ‘yes’
•Are you investigating the difference between two samples
of data?
•Is the data nonparametric?
•Is the data ordinal?
•Are there more than five pieces of data in each sample?
3. Mann Whitney U-test :
Application
Analysing the traffic flows
Analysing the impact of retail development upon traffic and
the local area. primary data was collected in two parts. The
first part was conducted before the construction of the
planned development (sample x).
Primary data collection : Methodology
Time of day and date , recorded
traffic (in both directions) on 10 streets around the
development selected randomly)was accounted for 10
minutes. Stopwatch was being used for timing purpose and
a simple tally chart for recording the data.
4. For the second study (sample y), she waited until 2 months after the
development had been completed. She went to another 10 sites (selected
randomly) and repeated the test.
She then devised the following null hypothesis (H ):ₒ
‘There is no significant difference in traffic flows before and after the
development.’
Now let’s take a look at the formula:
U = N .N +ₓ ₓ ᵧ
N (N + 1)ₓ ₓ
2
- Σrₓ
U is the Mannₓ
Whitney
calculation for
sample x
n is the number in
the sample
Σr is the sum ofₓ
ranks for sample x
(‘sum of’ just
means added
together)
5. The best way to proceed is to incorporate the findings into a table that also
allows you to calculate the result. When you get two or more equal values,
use the mean rank. Here are the student’s findings:
Total traffic
flow in 10
minutes (ₓ)
Rank
rₓ
Site Number Total traffic
flow in 10
minutes (ᵧ)
Rank
rᵧ
126 11 1 194
148 7 2 128
85 15.5 3 69
61 19 4 135
179 4 5 171
93 12.5 6 149
45 20 7 89
189 3 8 248 1
85 15.5 9 79
93 12.5 10 137
6. Σr = 120ₓ
Σr =ᵧ
Ranking puts values in order from highest to lowest.
Next, she substituted the data into the formula:
U = 10x10 +ₓ
U = 100 +ₓ
U = 100 + 55 – 120ₓ
U = 35ₓ
U = N .N +ₓ ₓ ᵧ
N (N + 1)ₓ ₓ
2
- Σrₓ
10(10 + 1)
2
- 120
110
2
- 120
7. Hey Friends,
This was just a summary on Mann Whitney U-Test. For
more detailed information on this topic, please type the link
given below or copy it from the description of this PPT and
open it in a new browser window.
http://www.transtutors.com/homework-
help/statistics/mann-whitney-u-test.aspx