This document discusses examinations in education. It defines examinations as tests used to show a student's knowledge and ability, with a student taking an exam called a candidate and someone deciding their performance an examiner. Exams are an important part of the curriculum and force students to study hard. They help teachers evaluate student performance and promote healthy competition. The document outlines different types of exams and boards that conduct exams in Pakistan at various education levels, including boards for intermediate/secondary education, technical education, the armed forces, and private boards. It also discusses the role and composition of School Management Committees that help govern school systems.

1. MANAGEMENT OF
EDUCATION
PRESENTED BY: AQSA MUMTAZ
Roll no#26

2. EXAMINATIONS

3. WHAT ARE EXAMINATIONS?
• An examination (exam) is a test.
• Exams were invented by an American businessman known as Henry
Fischel somewhere in the late 19th century.
• In education an examination is a test to show the knowledge and ability of a
student.
• A student who takes an examination is a candidate. The person who decides
how well the student has performed is the examiner.

4. • Examinations are important part of curriculum.
• Examinations force students to study hard because they know they are going to
be put to a test at the end of the day.
• Examinations help the teacher or instructor to know the performance of his
students. This is very important because it will tell the teacher how much more
effort he or she needs to put to help the students.
IMPORTANCE OF EXAMINATION

5. • Examinations help to promote healthy competitions among students. Without
examinations students would not be forced to compete academically among
themselves.
• The last but not least importance of examination is the fact that it helps the
instructor or teacher to grade his or her students with a great deal of fairness and
impartiality since the teacher marks exactly what the student writes in his or her
answer booklet and nothing more.

6. TYPES OF EXAMINATIONS
• multiple choice
• true/false
• short answer
• Oral
• computational

7. DIFFERENT BOARDS OF EXAMINATION
At elementary levels, schools conduct examinations. However District Education
Authorities also conduct terminal examinations after grade five and eight.
Boards of Intermediate and Secondary education conduct these Examinations in
parts.
I. Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education:
• There are 22 boards of intermediate and secondary examinations in Pakistan.

8. • They conduct examinations and offer grade 10th and Higher Secondary School Certificate.
2. Board of Technical Education:
• Technical education is the academic and vocational preparation of students for jobs
involving modern technology.
• There are three boards of Technical Education in Pakistan.
• These boards conduct examinations in technical education.
• And offer diplomas and certificates in different trades.

9. 3. Armed Forces Examination Boards:
• The Pakistan Armed Forces are the combined military forces of Pakistan.
They are the sixth-largest in the world in terms of active military personnel and
consist of three formally uniformed services—the Army, Navy, and Air Force
• There is only one board of examination for only in-serviced people of armed
force.
• The Inter-Services Selection Board (colloquially known as ISSB) is a
committee for the selection of commissioned officers in the armed forces of
Pakistan, Army, Navy and Air Force.

10. 4. Private Examination Boards:
• Recently government has changed its policy and has allowed the
establishment of examination boards in the private sector.
• Agha khan Board and Ziauddin have been established as a private
examination board.
• Agha khan board established in 2003 and Ziauddin board in 1995.

11. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES(SCMS)
• School Management Committee is the overall governing body of school systems
with limited powers… As parents and children are the primary stakeholders of an
education system and it is they, who bear the brunt of the faulting school system.
• Monitor the functioning of school.
• Monitoring of utilization of grants received from the appropriate Government or
Local Authority or any other source.

12. MEMBERS OF SMC
• Parents or guardians
• Women are to constitute 50% of the SMC membership.
• Parents of children of the weaker deprived section ,so also the parents of three
different levels(high, medium and low) of achievement shall be represented
adequately.
• The remaining 25% would be formed from locally elected representatives,
management members, Head Teacher and teachers.

13. • The Chair-person of SMC in government schools will be elected from the
parents.
• The Head Teacher of the school (if post does not exist, the senior most teacher)
will be the Member- Secretary and will conduct the meetings of SMC. These
should be held at-least once in a month.
• The SMC is to be constituted with in three months of new academic year, and
reconstituted every two years .

14. THANK YOU